Transcript Skeletal System

Foundations of Structural
Kinesiology
Chapter 1
And you thought this class was stressful
Skeletal System
Skeletal System
Divisions (206 bones)
1. Axial: (80 bones)
–
–
–
–
Skull
Spinal column
Sternum
Ribs
2. Apendicular: (126)
–
–
–
–
Shoulder Girdle
Upper Extremity
Pelvic Girdle
Lower Extremity
Skeletal System
Functions
– Support
– Protection
– Movement
– Storage
– Hemopoiesis
Classification of Bones
Bone Properties
Bone size (mass) and shape
– formation according to the stresses (direction and
magnitude of force) habitually applied to them
Wolff’s Law
Athlete
Scoliosis
Torsion
Bone Markings
Skull
Parietal
Vomer
Palatine
Frontal
Ethmoid
Occipital
Sphenoid
Lacrimal
Nasal
External
Occipital
Protuberance
Maxilla
Temporal
Vomer
Zygomatic
Sphenoid
Mastoid
Process
Nasal
Conchae
Mandible Superior
Nuchal Line
(3rd picture #2)
Label
Vertebra
Spinous Process
Articular
Processes
Intervertebral
Foramen
Lamina
Transverse
Processes
Pedicle
Vertebral
Foramen
Body
Label
Vertebral Column
Regional Structures
1.
Cervical (7)
2.
Thoracic (12)
3.
4.
5.
–
–
–
–
Bifed Spinous Process
Transverse Foramen
Atlas
Axis (Odontoid Process)
–
–
Superior
& Inferior
.
Costal Facets
Transverse
Costal Facets
.
–
–
–
–
–
–
Median Sacral Crest
Sacral Canal
Sacral Foramen
Sacral Hiatus
Superior Articular Facet
Superior Sacral Notch
Lumbar (5)
.Sacral (5)
Coccyx (4)
Sternum
Clavicular
Notch
Jugular
Notch
Manubrium
Sternal
Angle
Costal
Notches
Body
Transverse
Ridges
Xyphoid
Process
LABEL
Superior
Border
Tubercle
Costal Angle
Rib Cage
Neck
Head
Inferior Border
True (7)
Costal
Groove
Shaft
False (3)
Floating (2)
Label
Label
Clavicle
Deltoid
Tubercle
Acromial
End
Superior surface
Anterior
Anterior
Trapezoid
Line
Sternal
End
Inferior surface
Right Clavicle
Conoid
Tubercle
Subclavian
Groove
Label
Scapula
Supra
Coracoid
Process
Scapular
Notch
Superior
Angle
Supraspinous
Fossa Superior
Supra
Glenoid
Tubercle
Spine
Border
Acromion
Process
Glenoid
Fossa
Inferior
Angle
Medial
(vertebral)
Border
Infra
Glenoid
Tubercle
Infraspinous
Fossa
Label
Lateral
(axillary)
Border
Humerus
Greater
Tubercle
Head
Anatomical
Neck
Lesser
Tubercle
Intertubercular
Groove
(bicipital)
Deltoid
Tuberosity
Supracondylar
Ridge
Radial
Fossa
Capitulum
Surgical
Neck
Anterior
Coronoid
Fossa
Radial
Groove
Olecranon
Fossa
Lateral
Epicondyle
Posterior
Trochlea
Medial
Epicondyle
Label
Radius and Ulna
Head
Neck
Radial
Tuberosity
Olecranon
Process
Semilunar Radial Notch
Notch
Coronoid
Process
Ulnar
Tuberosity
Supinator
Crest
Supinator
Fossa
Interosseous
Crest
Ulnar Notch
Styloid
Process
Head
Styloid
Process
Radius
Label
Ulna
Label
Hand
Distal
Middle
Phalanges
Proximal
Head
Metacarpals
Shaft
Hamate
Base
(Hook of Hamate)
Carpals
Trapezoid
Trapezum
Pisiform
Triquetrum
Lunate
Capitate
Scaphoid
Label
Posterior
Gluteal Line
External
Surface
Anterior
Gluteal
Line
Inferior
Gluteal
Line
Pelvic Girdle
Iliac
Crest
Ischial
Tuberosity
Iliopectineal
Eminence
Posterior
Superior
Iliac Spine
Iliac
Fossa
Superior
Rami
Pubic Crest
Posterior
Inferior
Iliac
Spine of
the
Spine
Ischium
Anterior
SuperiorInferior
Greater
Iliac Spine
Rami
Sciatic
Notch
Superior
Anterior
Auricular
Rami
Lesser
Inferior
Inferior
Surface
Sciatic
RamiSpine
Iliac
Sacral
Notch
Pubic Articulation
Ischium
Pubis
SymphysisIlium
Label
Label
Label
Femur
Fovea
Greater
Trochanter
Head
Capitus
Intertrochanteric
Crest
Neck
Lesser
Trochanter
Intertrochanteric
Line
Quadrate
Tubercle
Gluteal
Tuberosity
Linea
Aspera
Adductor
Tubercle
Popliteal
Surface
Patellar
Surface
Right Femur
(Anterior)
Medial
condyle
Intercondyloid
Fossa
Lateral
Right Femur
(Posterior) condyle Label
Patella
Proximal
Border
Medial
Border
Base
Lateral
Border
Apex
Right Patella
Label
Tibia & Fibula
Styloid
Lateral
Process
Condyle
Head
Interosseous
Border
Anterior
Border
Intercondyloid
Eminence
Medial
Condyle
Tibial
Tuberosity Soleal
Line
Anterior
Border
Interosseus
Border
Medial
Malleolus
Lateral
Malleolus
Superior
Fibular
Articulation
Talus
Talus
Articulation
Articulation
Inferior
Fibular
Articulation
Fibula
Label
Tibia
Label
Bones of the Foot
Distal
Middle
Proximal
Phalanges
Head
Talus
Navicular
1st
Cuniform
Calcaneus
Shaft
Base
1st Cuniform
2nd Cuniform
Navicular
Metatarsals
Cuboid
3rd Cuniform
Tarsals
Talus
Calcaneus
Label
Soft/Connective Tissues
1. Ligament
2. Tendon
3. Retinaculum
4. Fascia
5. Aponeurosis
6. Cartilage
7. Meniscus
8. Labrum
A dense plates
connective
tissue that encloses,
separates,
and
- -Crescent
of fibrocartilage
thatthat
deepen
anorarticular
A
dense
connective
tissue
sheath
binds
-A-Afirm,
connective
tissue
formed
like
a sheath
-- Deepens
afibrous
socket
(articular
capsule
blends
into
labrum
and
Atendinous
band
of
dense
connective
tissue
that
connects
a that
binds
muscles
supports,
protects,
and
gives
shape.
Also
smooth,
resilient,
nonvascular
connective
tissue
thick
band
of absorbers
connective
tissue
that
surface
and
act –
like
shock
holds
tendons
in
place
anchors
one
toother
surrounds
anatomical
muscle
to
a muscle
bone
orneck)
gives
general
support
toanother
an structure
area
connects
bone
to bone
Anatomical Position &
Fundamental Position
Anatomical
Position
Fundamental
Position
Reference Lines
Reference Side & Segment
Reference Segment
Reference Side
Anatomical Directional Terminology
Anterior
(Anteroinferior,
Anerosuperior,
Anterolateral, Anteromedial,
Anteroposterior)
Posterior
(Posteroinferior,
Posterosuperior,
Posterolateral,
Posteromedial,
Posteroanterior)
Superior
(Superolateral, Superomedial)
Inferior
(Inferolateral, Inferomedial)
Medial
Lateral
Ipsilateral
Contralateral
Unilateral
Bilateral
Caudal
Cephalic
Dorsal
Ventral
Proximal
Distal
Ventral
Proximal
Distal
Superficial
Deep
Palmer
Volar
Prone
Supine
Dorsum
General Anatomical/Medical Terms
Planes of Motion & Axes of
Rotation
Plane of
Motion
Description of
Plane
Axis of
Rotation
Description of
Axis
Common
Movements
Saggital
Divides body into
right and left
halves
Frontal
(coronal)
Runs
Medial/lateral
Flexion
Extension
Frontal
Divides body into
ant. & post.
halves
Saggital
Runs
anterior/posterior
Abduction
Adduction
Transverse
Divides body into
sup. & inf. halves
Vertical
(longitudinal)
Runs
Superior/Inferior
Internal rotation
External rotation
Diagonal
Combination of
Frontal and
Saggital
Articular System
The union/articulation of two or more bones
Types of Joints- Classifications of articulations grouped
according to structure or function
Structural: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
Functional:
1.
Synarthrodial (immoveable)
Suture
Gomphosis
Articular System
2.
Amphiarthrodial (slightly
moveable)
Syndesmosis- held
together by strong
ligaments
Symphasis- separated
by fibrocartilage pad
Synchrondrosisseparated by hyaline
cartilage
3.
Diarthrodial (Freely
moveable)
joint cavity, joint
capsule, synovial
membrane, synovial
fluid, articular cartilage
Diarthrodial
Diarthrodial Joints
Ginglymus (hinge)
Arthrodial (Gliding)
Trochoidial (Pivot)
-Uniaxial
-Multiaxial
-Uniaxial
Interphalangeal
Metacarpophalangeal
of thumb
Humeroulnar
Tibiotarsal
Femorotibial (dual)
Seller (Saddle)
-Multiaxial
Carpometacarpal of
thumb
Enarthrodial (Ball
& Socket)
-Multiaxial
Acetabulofemoral
Glenohumeral
Carpal articulations
Tarsal articulations
Acromioclavicular
Sternoclavicular
Patellofemoral
Radiohumeral (pivot?)
Vertebral art. Process
Carpometacarpal
Tarsometatarsal
Sup. & Inf. Tibiofibular
Sternocostal
Costovertebral
Costotransverse
Intermetatarsal
Intermetacarpal
Radioulnar (prox & dist)
Atlantoaxial
Condylodial (ConvexConcave)
-Biaxial
Metacarpophalangeal
Radiocarpal
Atlantooccipital
Femorotibial (dual)
Metatarsophalangeal
Movement in Joints
Motion that takes place by the bones moving through a
plane of motion about an axis is referred to as physiological
movement or osteokinematic motion.
Movement Terminology are the terms used to describe the
actual change in position of the bones relative to each
other.
The specific amount of movement in a joint can be
measured using an instrument called a goniometer.
Anatomical Movement Terms
General Movements
Abduction
Adduction
Flexion
Extension
Circumduction
Diagonal Abduction
Diagonal Adduction
Internal Rotation
External Rotation
Hyperextension
Specific to the Ankle and Foot
Eversion
Inversion
Dorsiflexion
Plantarflexion
Anatomical Movement Terms
Specific to Shoulder Girdle & Shoulder Joints
Depression
Elevation
Protraction (Scapular Abduction)
Retraction (Scapular adduction)
Upward Rotation
Downward Rotation
Horizontal Abduction (shoulder joint)
Horizontal Adduction (shoulder joint)
Specific to the Radioulnar Joints
Pronation
Supination
Anatomical Movement Terms
Specific to the Spine
Lateral Flexion
Reduction
Rotation
Specific to the Wrist and Hand
Dorsal Flexion (ext.)
Palmar Flexion (flex.)
Radial Deviation
Ulnar Deviation
Long Abduction
Short Abduction
Thumb Oppostion
Thumb Reposition
Specific to the Mandible
Protrusion
Retrusion
Arthrokinematic Motion
In order for physiological movements to occur
there must be movement between the actual
articular surfaces of the joint. This is known as
arthrokinematic motion. There are three
specific types:
 Roll (rock)- a series of points on one articulating surface
contacts with a series of points on another articular
surface
 Glide (slide, translation)- a specific point on one
articulating surface comes in contact with a series of
points on another surface)
 Spin– A single point on one articular surface rotates
about a single point on another articular surface.