12 - Elbow-Radioulnar
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Transcript 12 - Elbow-Radioulnar
Elbow Joint
Lower end of humerus , anterior &
posterior surfaces.
Upper end of ulna.
Elbow joint
Articulation :
1-Humero-ulnar articulation :
between the trochlea of the
humerus & trochlear notch of
ulna.
2-Humero-radial articulation :
between the capitulum of humerus
& upper articular surface of head
of radius.
Type : hinge synovial joint.
Attachment of the capsule of Elbow
Joint
Anteriorly :
above (humerus)--- upper
margins of coronoid & radial
fossae , and/ to the front of of
med. & lat.epicondyles.
Below--- margin of coronoid
process of ulna & anular ligament
surrounding head of radius
(In superior radio-ulnar joint)
Posteriorly :
above (humerus)…. Upper
margin of olecranon fossa.
Below–margin of olecranon
process of ulna and/ to anular
ligament.
Capsule of elbow joint at the
humerus :
Synovial membrane
– lines the inner surface of
capsule and covers the fatty
pads in the floors of
coronoid, radial, &
olecranon fossae.
- it is continuous below
with the synovial
membrane of proximal
radioulnar joint.
N.Supply :
median , ulnar
,musculocut. & radial
nerves.
Ligaments of elbow joint
Lateral (radial collateral)
ligament
-superiorly : it is attached to lateral epicondyle
of humerus.
-inferiorly : it is attached to anular ligament.
Medial (ulnar collateral )
ligament : it is triangular in shape and
Note that ulnar N. lies behind medial epicondyle
and crosses medial ligament of elbow joint.
consists of 3 bands.
-Anterior band : from medial epicondyle of
humerus, to medial border of coronoid process
of ulna.
Posterior band : from medial epicondyle of
humerus, to medial border of olecranon
process of ulna.
-Transverse band : between medial borders
of coronoid process & olecranon process of
ulna.
Movements & Relations
Movements & relations of Elbow joint
Flexion : is performed by :
1-brachialis. 2-biceps brachii
3-brachioradialis. 4-pronator teres.
Extension : by 1-triceps. 2- anconeus.
Relations :
Anteriorly : brachialis, median N.,brachial artery & tendon of biceps.
(contents of cubital fossa).
Posteriorly : triceps.
Medially : ulnar N.
(lies behind medial epicondyle and crosses medial ligament of joint).
laterally : common extensor tendon.
Posterior dislocations of elbow joint are common in children
because the parts of bones that stabilize the joint are incompletely
developed. It usually follows falling on outstretched hand.
Damage to Ulnar N. in dislocation of the joint, leading to ulnar
N.palsy.
proximal radioulnar joint
Articulation : between
1- The circumference of the head of
radius & anular ligament . and
2- The radial notch of ulna.
Type : Pivot synovial J.
Capsule : It continuous with that of
elbow joint.
Synovial membrane : cotinuous above with
that of elbow.
Nerve supply : median, ulnar,
musculocutaneous, and radial nerves.
Relations : anteriorly : radial N.(in front of
lateral epicondyle). Posteriorly : supinator +
common extensor origin
Annular ligament :
-strong fibrous band, surrounding head
of radius, keeping it in contact with
radial notch of ulna.
-it is attached
to anterior & posterior
margins of radial notch of ulna.
-superiorly : it is continuous with capsule
of elbow j.
Distal radioulnar joint
Articulation :1-rounded head of
ulna. 2-ulnar notch of radius
Type : pivot synovial joint.
Ligaments : anterior & posterior
Ligaments.
N.Supply :anterior interosseous
(from median N.) & deep branch of
radial nerve (post.interosseouN.)
Articular disc of fibrocartilage
: -it is triangular and separates this
joint from wrist joint. Extends
between : 1-styloid process of ulna
(apex). 2-lower border of ulnar
notch of radius (base).
Movements of radioulnar joints
Pronation : What is pronation ?
-it is performed by pronator teres & pronator quadratus.
-radius crosses in front of ulna.
Supination : What is supination ?
-It is performed by supinator. & biceps.
The axis around which pronation &
supination occur is an imaginary line between the
heads of radius & ulna.
Intiation of pronation & supination : by
brachioradialis.
Wrist joint (radiocarpal joint)
Articulation :1-distal end of radius +
articular disc of inf. radioulnar joint (above)
so, head of ulna does not share in this joint.
2-scaphoid, lunate and triquetral bones
(below).
The joint cavity does not communicate
with that of distal radioulnar j. or with
cavities of intercarpal joints.
Type :ellipsoid synovial joint.
Ligaments :
-Ant.,& post. strengthen the capsule.
-Medial lig. between styloid process of ulna
& triquetral bone.
N.supply :ant.interosseous N. of median Lateral lig. between styloid process of radius
& scaphoid bone.
N. & posterior interosseous of radial N.
Movements
Movements of wrist joint
Flexion : by 1-flexor C.R. 2-flexor C.U. 3-palmaris longus. These
muscles are assisted by
1-flexor D.S. 2-flexor D.P. 3-flexor P.L.
Extension : by 1-extensor C.R.L 2-extensor C.R.B. 3-ext.C.ulnaris.
These muscles are assisted by
1-extensor D. 2-extensor indicis.
3-extensor digiti minimi. 4-extensor pollicis longus.
Abduction : by 1-flexor C.R. 2-extensor C.R.L.
3-extensor C.R.B. These muscles are assisted by :
1-abductor P.L. 2-extensor P.L. 3-extensor P.B.
Adduction : by 1-flexor C.U.
2-extensor C.U.
Range of adduction is more than abduction because styloid process
of ulna is shorter than that of radius.
Relations of wrist joint
Anteriorly : structures passing deep to flexor retinaculum.
Posteriorly : structures in the 2nd to 6th compartements ,deep
to extensor retinaculum.
Medially : posterior cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve.
Laterally : radial artery.
Joints of the hand & fingers:
(intercarpal joints) : Articulation :1-between individual
bones of the proximal row of the
carpus. 2-between individual bones of
the distal row of carpus.
3-between proximal & distal rows of
carpal bones, (midcarpal joint).
Plane synovial joint.
Capsule surrounds the joint.
Ligaments :ant.,post., & interosseous .
N.supply: ant.intero., deep branch of
radial and ulnar N.
Movements :just gliding movement.
Carpometacarpal & inter-metacarpal
joints :
Plane Synovial joints.
Between distal carpal bones & the
bases of metacarpal bones.
They have a gliding movement.
C.M. joint of the thumb :
between trapezium & base of 1st
metacarpal bone.
• Saddle-shaped synovial joint.
Movements of the thumb at
Carpometacarpal joint :
Flexion : flexor pollicis
longus, brevis & opponens
pollicis.
Extension : extensor
pollicis longus & brevis.
Abduction : abductor
pollicis longus & brevis.
Adduction : adductor
pollicis
Rotation (opposition) :
the thumb is rotated
medially by Opponens
pollicis.
Metacarpophalangeal joints
Between 1- heads of
metacarpal bones.& 2-bases of
proximal phalanges.
Condyloid synovial joint.
Metacarpophalangeal j.of the
thumb : Flexion : by flexor pollicis
longus & brevis. Extension : by
ext.pollicis longus & brevis.
Abduction & Adduction +opposition
are performed mainly at carpometacarpal joint +a small amount of
movement at metacarpo-phalangeal joint.
Ligaments :1-palmar
ligaments
2-deep
transverse ligaments.
3collateral ligaments.
Movements :flexion :lumbrical
+interossei ,assisted by F.D.S &
F.D.P. extention :ext.Digitorum
,ext.indicis and ext.digiti minimi.
Abduction :by dorsal interossei.
Addution : by palmar interossei.
Interphalangeal joints :
They are hinge
synovial joints.
Have the same
structure as metacarpophalangeal joints.