Transcript Right Lung

Lungs
Dr. Sama ul Haque
Objectives
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Define mediastinum.
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Discuss the anatomical structure of lungs.
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Enlist the relations of right and left lungs.
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Give the blood and nerve supply of the lungs.
Mediastinum
Definition:
A median septum or median partition
between the two pleural cavities.
Boundaries of the Mediastinum
Superior boundary:
Superior thoracic aperture
Inferior boundary:
Diaphragm
Anterior boundary:
Sternum
Posterior boundary:
Bodies of vertebrae T1 to T12
Lateral boundaries:
Mediastinal parietal pleura
(left and right).
Gross Anatomy of the Lungs
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Each lung has a conical shape, concave base rests
upon the muscular diaphragm.
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Its superior region is called Apex.
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Toward the midline, the lungs are separated from
each other by the Mediastinum.
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The relatively broad, rounded surface in contact with
the thoracic wall is called the Costal surface of the
lung.
Lungs
Left lung
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divided into 2 lobes by oblique fissure
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smaller than the right lung.
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cardiac notch accommodates the heart
Right Lung
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divided into 3 lobes by oblique and horizontal
fissure
Lungs and Pleura
(Anterior view)
Lungs and Pleura
(Posterior view)
Lungs
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An apex
A base
3 borders:
 Anterior
 Posterior
 Inferior
2 surfaces: Medial and costal.
Medial surface: Mediastinal & vertebral
Apex And Base of the lung
Apex:
It extends up 1 inch
above and behind the
medial third of the
clavicle.
 Base:
It is concave in shape .
It is related to:
1- Diaphragmatic pleura.
2- Right copula of the
diaphragm.
3- Liver (right lung) .
Liver, stomach (fundus),
and spleen (left lung).
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Borders of the lung
A. Anterior border
It is a sharp border.
The lower part of the
anterior border of the
left lung contains the
cardiac notch
(just below the cardiac
notch there is a
projection called the
lingula).
B. Posterior border
It is a rounded border.
C. Inferior border
Lobes &Fissures of the lungs
Right lung
Three lobes:
 Superior
 Middle
 Inferior
Left lung
Two lobes
 Superior
 Inferior
Fissures:
 Oblique fissure
 Transverse fissure
Fissure:
 Oblique fissure
Lobes and fissures of Lungs
Mediastinal Surface of the Right Lung
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Cardiac impression (Right atrium).
Superior vena cava.
Inferior vena cava.
Right subclavian artery.
Right brachiocephalic vein
Azygos vein.
Esophagus.
Trachea.
Thymus
Mediastinal Surface of the Left Lung
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Cardiac impression (Left ventricle).
Arch of Aorta.
Descending aorta.
Left subclavian artery.
Left brachiocephalic vein
Thoracic duct.
Esophagus.
Trachea.
Thymus
Hilum of the lungs
It gives passage to the
structures forming the
Root of the lung.
1. Bronchus
2. Pulmonary artery
3. Pulmonary veins
4. Hilar lymph nodes.
5. Bronchial vessels.
6. Pulmonary plexuses
7. Pulmonary ligament
Hilum of left
lung
Hilum of right
lung
Difference between the right and left lungs
Size and weight
Right Lung
Larger and heavier
Left Lung
Smaller and lighter
Length and breadth Shorter and wider
Longer and narrower
Lobes
Fissures
Three
Two
Two lobes
One fissure
Anterior border
No cardiac notch
Cardiac notch and
lingula.
Bronchial
Tree
Bronchopulmonary
Segments
Bronchopulmonary
Segments
Respiratory Bronchioles, Alveolar Ducts,
and Alveoli
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Lungs contain small sacs called alveoli.
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They have a thin wall specialized to promote
diffusion of gases between the alveolus and the
blood in the pulmonary capillaries.
Respiratory Bronchioles, Alveolar Ducts,
and Alveoli
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Gas exchange can take place in the respiratory
bronchioles and alveolar ducts as well as in the
alveoli, each lung contains approximately 300
to 400 million alveoli.
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The spongy nature of the lung is due to the
packing of millions of alveoli together.
Respiratory
Bronchioles
Alveolar Ducts
And
Alveoli
Blood supply of Lungs
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Pulmonary circulation:
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Bronchial circulation:
Bronchial arteries supply oxygenated blood to
lungs, bronchial veins carry away deoxygenated blood
from lung tissue.
Pulmonary
Circulation
Nerve supply
Anterior and posterior pulmonary plexuses.
a. Sympathetic component:
(T2 to T5 sympathetic ganglia).
b. Parasympathetic component (vagi)
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