Transcript Anatomy #1 PowerPoint

Biology 463 - Neurobiology
Neuroanatomy for
Exam #1
Basic Brain Anatomy
Lange
Figure 12.5: Ventricles of the brain, p. 434.
Lateral
ventricle
Lateral
ventricle
Third
ventricle
Anterior
horn
Septum
pellucidum
Third
ventricle
Posterior
horn
Cerebral
aqueduct
Interventricular
foramen
Inferior
horn
Cerebral
aqueduct
Fourth
ventricle
Fourth
ventricle
Median
aperture
Lateral
aperture
Central
canal
Central
canal
(a) Anterior view
Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e
by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn
(b) Left lateral view
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,
publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 12.6a-b: Lobes and fissures of the cerebral hemispheres, p. 435.
Central sulcus
Precentral gyrus
Postcentral gyrus
Parietal lobe
Frontal lobe
Parieto-occipital sulcus
(on medial surface
of hemisphere)
Lateral sulcus
Frontal lobe
Central sulcus
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
Transverse
cerebral fissure
Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla oblongata
(a)
Spinal cord
Gyri of insula
Gyrus
Cortex
(gray matter)
Sulcus
Temporal lobe
(pulled down)
(b)
White matter
Fissure
(a deep sulcus)
Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e
by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,
publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e
by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,
publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e
by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,
publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
central canal - the cerebrospinal fluid-filled space that runs longitudinally through the length of the
entire spinal cord
central sulcus - a fold in the cerebral cortex in the brains of vertebrates
cerebellum - a region of the brain that plays an important role in motor control. It may also be involved
in some cognitive functions such as attention and language
cingulate gyrus - a part of the brain situated in the medial aspect of the cerebral cortex receiving input
from the thalamus
corpus callosum - a wide, flat bundle of neural fibers beneath the cortex that connects the left and right
cerebral hemispheres and facilitates interhemispheric communication
fornix - a C-shaped bundle of fibers (axons) in the brain, and carries signals from the hippocampus to the
hypothalamus
frontal lobe - the front region of the cerebrum
hippocampus - plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to
long-term memory
hypothalamus - a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions.
The most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system
via the pituitary gland.
Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e
by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,
publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
lateral sulcus - divides the frontal lobe and parietal lobe above from the temporal lobe below
longitudinal fissure - the deep groove that separates the two hemispheres of the vertebrate brain
medulla oblongota - contains the cardiac, respiratory, vomiting and vasomotor centers and deals with
autonomic (involuntary) functions, such as breathing, heart rate and blood pressure
occipital lobe - the visual processing center of the mammalian brain
parietal lobe - integrates sensory information from different modalities, particularly determining
spatial sense and navigation
pineal body - a small endocrine gland in the vertebrate brain that produces melatonin, a hormone
that affects the modulation of sleep
pituitary gland - the master control gland of the mammalian body
pons - nuclei that transmit neural input from the periphery to the cerebrum that deal primarily with
sleep, respiration, swallowing, bladder control, hearing, equilibrium, taste, eye movement, facial
expressions, facial sensation, and posture.
postcentral gyrus - prominent structure in the parietal lobe of the human brain and an important
landmark. It is the location of the primary somatosensory cortex
Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e
by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,
publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
precentral gyrus - prominent structure in the frontal lobe of the human brain and an important
landmark. It is the location of the primary motor cortex cortex
temporal lobe - region of the cerebral cortex involved in the retention of visual memories, processing
sensory input, comprehending language,
thalamus - relay center for both sensory and motor input to the cortex
Cerebrospinal Fluid Filled Spaces:
cerebral aqueduct - within the mesencephalon, this space contains cerebrospinal fluid and connects
the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle
fourth ventricle - CFS filled space in the brain
interventricular foramen - channels that connect the paired lateral ventricles with the third ventricle at
the midline of the brain
lateral ventricle - CFS filled space in the brain
third ventricle - CFS filled space in the brain
Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7e
by Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,
publishing as Benjamin Cummings.