Transcript Right Lung

Lungs
Dr. Sama ul Haque
Dr Rania Gabr
Objectives
 Define mediastinum.
 Discuss the anatomical structure of lungs.
 Enlist the relations of right and left lungs.
 Give the blood and nerve supply of the lungs.
Mediastinum
Definition:
A median septum or
median partition between the
two pleural cavities.
Boundaries of the Mediastinum
Superior boundary:
Superior thoracic aperture
Inferior boundary:
Diaphragm
Anterior boundary:
Sternum
Posterior boundary:
Bodies of vertebrae T1 to
T12
Lateral boundaries:
Mediastinal parietal pleura
(left and right).
SURFACE ANATOMY OF
LUNG
 Apex, anterior border
and posterior border
correspond nearly to the
lines of pleura but are
slightly away from the
median plane.
 Inferior margin : as the
pleura but more
horizontally and finally
reaching to the 10th
thoracic spine.
Oblique fissure:
 Represented by a line
extending from 3rd thoracic
spine, obliquely ending at
6th costal cartilage.
Transverse fissure: Only in
the right lung:
represented by a line
extending from 4th right
costal cartilage to meet
the oblique fissure.
Gross Anatomy of the Lungs
 Each lung has a conical shape,
concave base rests upon the
muscular diaphragm.
 Its superior region is called
Apex.
 Toward the midline, the lungs
are separated from each other
by the Mediastinum.
 The relatively broad, rounded
surface in contact with the
thoracic wall is called the Costal
surface of the lung.
Lungs
Left lung
 divided into 2 lobes by oblique
fissure
 smaller than the right lung.
 Cardiac Notch accommodates
the heart
Right Lung
 divided into 3 lobes by oblique
and horizontal fissure
Lungs
 An apex
 A base
 3 borders:
 Anterior
 Posterior
 Inferior
 2 surfaces: Medial and costal.
Medial surface: Mediastinal &
vertebral
Apex And Base of the lung
 Apex:
It extends up 1 inch
above and behind the
medial third of the
clavicle.
 Base:
It is concave in shape .
It is related to:
1- Diaphragmatic pleura.
2- Right copula of the
diaphragm.
3- Liver (right lung) .
Liver, stomach (fundus),
and spleen (left lung).
Borders of the lung
A. Anterior border
It is a sharp border.
The lower part of the
anterior border of the
left lung contains the
cardiac notch
(just below the cardiac
notch there is a
projection called the
lingula).
B. Posterior border
It is a rounded border.
C. Inferior border
Lobes &Fissures of the lungs
Right lung
Three lobes:
 Superior
 Middle
 Inferior
Fissures:
 Oblique fissure
 Transverse fissure
Left lung
Two lobes
 Superior
 Inferior
Fissure:
 Oblique fissure
Lobes and fissures of Lungs
Mediastinal Surface of the
Right Lung
 Cardiac impression (Right atrium).
 Superior vena cava.
 Inferior vena cava.
 Right subclavian artery.
 Right brachiocephalic vein
 Azygos vein.
 Esophagus.
 Trachea.
 Thymus
Mediastinal Surface of the Left
Lung
 Cardiac impression (Left ventricle).
 Arch of Aorta.
 Descending aorta.
 Left subclavian artery.
 Left brachiocephalic vein
 Thoracic duct.
 Esophagus.
 Trachea.
 Thymus
Hilum of the lungs
It gives passage to the
structures forming the Root
of the lung.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Bronchus
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary veins
Hilar lymph nodes.
Bronchial vessels.
Pulmonary plexuses
Pulmonary ligament
The parietal pleura
surrounding the root of the
lung extends downwards
from the hilum in a fold
called the pulmonary
ligament
Hilum of
left lung
Hilum of
right lung
RIGHT
LUNG
ROOT
 2 bronchi:
 Lie posterior.
 Pulmonary
artery:
 Is superior
 Pulmonary
veins:
 Are inferior
and anterior.
LEFT
LUNG
ROOT
 One bronchus:
 Lies posterior
 Pulmonary
artery:
 Is superior
 Pulmonary
veins:
 Is inferior and
anterior
Difference between the right and left lungs
Right Lung
Larger and heavier
Left Lung
Smaller and lighter
Length and
breadth
Shorter and wider
Longer and narrower
Lobes
Fissures
Three
Two
Two
One
Anterior border
No cardiac notch
Cardiac notch and
lingula.
Size and weight
Bronchial
Tree
Bronchopulmon
ary Segments
Bronchopulmon
ary Segments
Respiratory Bronchioles, Alveolar
Ducts, and Alveoli
Lungs contain small sacs called alveoli.
They have a thin wall specialized to
promote diffusion of gases between the
alveolus and the blood in the pulmonary
capillaries.
Respiratory Bronchioles, Alveolar
Ducts, and Alveoli
Gas exchange can take place in the
respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts
as well as in the alveoli, each lung
contains approximately 300 to 400 million
alveoli.
The spongy nature of the lung is due to
the packing of millions of alveoli together.
Respiratory
Bronchioles
Alveolar Ducts
And
Alveoli
Blood supply of Lungs
Pulmonary circulation:
Bronchial circulation:
Bronchial arteries supply oxygenated
blood to lungs, bronchial veins carry away
deoxygenated blood from lung tissue.
Pulmonary
Circulation
The left bronchial
arteries (superior & inferior)
usually arise directly from
the Thoracic aorta.
The single right bronchial
artery usually arises from one
of the following:
1) the Thoracic aorta at a
common trunk with the right
3rd Posterior intercostal artery
2) the superior bronchial
artery on the left side
3) any number of the
right intercostal
arteries mostly the third right
posterior.
Nerve supply
Pulmonary plexus at the root of lung….is formed
of
1- Sympathetic Fibers
From … sympathetic trunk…
Action: broncho-dilatation/and vasoconstriction.
2- Parasympathetic Fibers
From…..Vagus nerve ….
Action: Broncho-constriction and secretomotor to
bronchial glands /and vasodilatation.
Thank You