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Gluteal Region
Muscles
of Gluteal Region
Arterial Supply
Nerve Supply
Gluteal Region
& Boundary
Superior: Iliac crest
Inferior: Gluteal Fold
Medial: Median sacral
crest & Natal cleft
Lateral: Imaginary line
between Iliac crest &
Greater trochanter of
femor
Superficial Fascia &
Contents
Deep Fascia & parts
Gluteal Region
Muscles
Arterial Supply
Nerve Supply
Superficial:
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Deep:
Piriformis
Gemelus
Superior
Superior Gluteal
Artery
Inferior
Gluteal
Artery
Obterator
Internus
(branches
Internal Iliac a.)
Gemelus of
Inferior
Branches of Sacral Plexus
Quadratus Femori
Sacral Plexus is formed from anterior
rami of L4, L5, S1, S2, S3, S4
Back
Back
Muscles of the gluteal region
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Innervation Function
Gluteus
maximus
External surface of ilium
behind posterior gluteal
line, fascia of erector
spinae, dorsal surface of
lower sacrum, lateral
margin of coccyx,
external surface of
sacrotuberous ligament
Posterior aspect
of iliotibial tract
of fascia lata and
gluteal
tuberosity of
femur
Inf. gluteal nerve Powerful extensor of flexed
(L5,S1,S2)
femur at hip joint; lateral
stabilizer of hip joint and knee
joint
Gluteus
medius
External surface of ilium
between anterior and
posterior gluteal lines
Lateral surface
of the greater
trochanter
Sup. gluteal
nerve
(L4,L5,S1)
Abducts femur at hip joint;
holds pelvis secure over stance
leg and prevents pelvic drop on
the opposite swing side during
walking
Anterior fibers Med. Rot.of Hip
Gluteus
minimus
External surface of ilium
between inferior and
anterior gluteal lines
Antero-lateral
aspect of the
greater
trochanter
Sup. gluteal
nerve
(L4,L5,S1)
Like Gluteus medius
Tensor
fasciae
latae
Lateral aspect of crest of
ilium between anterior
superior iliac spine and
tubercle of the crest
Iliotibial tract of
fascia lata
Sup. gluteal
nerve
(L4,L5,S1)
Stabilizes the knee in extension
Muscles of the gluteal region (continue)
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Innervation
Function
Piriformis
Anterior surface of
sacrum between
anterior sacral
foramina(S2,S3,S4)
superior border (apex) of
greater trochanter of
femur
Branches
from,S1,S2
Laterally rotates the
extended femur at hip joint;
Obturator
internus
Anterolateral wall
of true pelvis; deep
surface of obturator
membrane and
surrounding bone
Medial side of greater
trochanter of femur
Nerve to
obturator
internus
(L5,S1)
Laterally rotates the
extended femur at hip joint;
Gemellus
superior
Posterior surface of
ischial spine
Along length of superior
surface of the obturator
internus tendon and into
the medial side of greater
trochanter of femur
Nerve to
obt.int. (L5,S1)
Laterally rotates the
extended femur at hip joint;
abduction of flexed femur at
hip joint
Gemellus
inferior
Upper part of
ischial tuberosity
Along length of inferior
surface of the obturator
internus tendon and into
the medial side of greater
trochanter of femur
Nerve to
quad.femoris
(L5,S1)
Laterally rotates the
extended femur at hip joint;
Quadratus
femoris
Lateral aspect of
the ischium just
anterior to the
ischial tuberosity
Quadrate tubercle on the
intertrochanteric crest of
the femur
Nerve to
quad.femoris
(L5,S1)
Laterally rotates femur at
hip joint
Back
Back
Gluteal Region (continue)
 Review
of Muscles
 Sacral Plexus
 Vessels
Gluteal Region
Muscles
Arterial Supply
Nerve Supply
Superficial:
Gluteus Maximus
Gluteus Medius
Gluteus Minimus
Deep:
Piriformis
Gemelus Superior
Obterator Internus
Gemelus Inferior
Quadratus Femoris
Superior Gluteal Artery
Inferior Gluteal Artery
(branches of Internal Iliac a.)
Branches of Sacral Plexus
Back
Back
Arterial Supply
Sacral Plexus
Easy way to learn Sacral Plexus:
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L4, L5, S1: Sup. Gluteal N. & N. to Quadratus
Femoris
L5, S1, S2: Inf. Glutal N. & N. to Obturator
Internus
S1, S2, S3: Post. Cutaneous N. of Thigh
S2, S3, S4: Pudendal N. & Pelvic Splanchnic
S1, S2: N. to Piriformis
L4, L5, S1, S2, S3: Sciatic N.
Structures Passed to
Greater Sciatic Foramen
MUSCLE:
Piriformis Muscle
ARTERIES:
Sup.& Inf. Gluteal Artery
Internal Pudendal Artery
NERVES:
All of the branches of Sacral Plexus
Structures Passed to
Lesser Sciatic Foramen
MUSCLE:
Obturator Internus Muscle
ARTERy:
Internal Pudendal Artery
NERVE:
Pudendal Nerve
Nerve to Obturator Internus Muscle