Body Systems
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Transcript Body Systems
Body Systems
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Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy: The study of
the parts of the body
Physiology: The
function of the body
Anatomical Position:
Standing erect with
face forward, arms at
the side, palms
forward.
Anatomic Terminology
Position and Direction
Anterior or Ventral:
Front or in front of
Posterior or Dorsal:
Back or in back of
Cranial: refers to the
head of the body
Caudal: means tail end
Superior: upper or
above something
Inferior: lower or
below something
Anatomical terms cont.
Medial: toward the
midline
Lateral: toward the side
of the body
Proximal: toward the
point of attachment to
the body or the trunk of
the body
Distal: away from the
point of attachment to
the body
Superficial: (external)
near the surface or
outside of the body
Deep (internal) inside
the body
Body planes and Sections
Planes: imaginary
anatomical dividing
planes
Section: cut made
through the body
in the direction of a
certain plane
Sagittal Plane:
divides the body
into right and left
parts
Planes and Sections
Coronal (Frontal)
Plane: vertical cut at
right angles to saggital
plane, divides the
body into anterior and
posterior portions.
Transverse planescross-section a
horizontal cut that
divides the body into
upper and lower parts.
Cavities of the Body
Dorsal Cavity: contains
the brain and spinal
cord- the brain is in
the cranial cavity and
the spinal cord is in
the spinal cavity.
Anterior or Ventral
Cavity contains the
Thoracic and
Abdominopelvic
cavities.
Cavities
The thoracic cavity contains the
lungs and heart
Abdominal Cavity: contains stomach,
intestines, liver, gallbladder, and
pancreas
Pelvic Cavity: contains the urinary
bladder, and reproductive organs.
Abdomino
-pelvic
Cavity
Regions
Tissues
Tissues: cells
grouped because
they are similar in
shape, size,
structure, and
function.
Tissues
Epithelial
Tissue
Connective Muscle
Tissue
Tissue
Nervous
Tissue
Protects the
body by
covering
internal and
external
surfaces and
produces
secretions.
Supports and
connects organs
and tissue
Cells that react
to stimuli and
conduct an
impulse
Has the ability
to contract
and move the
body
Connective Tissue
Adipose Tissue: type of connective tissue that
stores fat cells
Ligaments: strong, flexible bands of connective
tissue that hold bones firmly together at the
joints
Tendons: white bands of connective tissue
attaching skeletal muscle to bone
Cartilage: firm, flexible support of the
embryonic skeleton and part of the adult
skeleton
Membranes
Membranes are
formed by putting
two thin layers of
tissue together,
cells may secrete a
fluid.
Types of membranes
Mucous
membrane: lines
the digestive,
respiratory,
reproductive, and
urinary systems
produces mucous
to lubricate and
protect the lining.
Types of membranes cont.
Serous membranes:
double walled
membrane produces a
watery fluid, lines
closed body cavities
1. The outer part of the
membrane that lines
the cavity is the
Parietal membrane
2. The part that covers
the organs is the
Visceral membrane.
More membranes
Pleural Membrane:
lines the thoracic or
chest cavity and
protects the lungs
Pericarial membrane:
lines the heart cavity
and protects the heart
Peritoneal membrane:
lines the abdominal
cavity and protects
abdominal organs
Organ and System
Organ system: a group of organs
which act together to perform a
specific, related function.
Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular,
Digestive, Respiratory, Circulatory,
Excretory, Nervous, Endocrine, and
Reproductive.
Guess the system….
Circulatory
Carries oxygen
and
nourishment
to the cells of
the body.
Respiratory
System
Acquires oxygen, rids the
body of carbon dioxide.
Integumentary
System
Helps regulate body
temperature,
establishes a barrier
between the body
and environment.
Nervous System
Communicates,
control body
activity.
Skeletal
System
Gives shape to
the body.
Endocrine System
Manufactures hormones
to regulate organ activity.
Muscular
System
Determines
posture,
produces body
heat.
Excretory System
Removes waste
products of
metabolism from the
body.
Digestive System
Prepares food for
absorption.
Reproductive
System
Reproduces human
beings.