Transcript Presentation 3: The Spine, Hip and Pelvic Girdle

The Spine, Pelvis and Hip
Applied Kinesiology
420:151
Agenda
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Introduction to the spine
Articulations of the spine
Pelvic girdle
Hip joint
Combined movements of the spine,
pelvic girdle and hip
Intro to the Spine
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Functions of the spine
Stability
Mobility
Support
Protection
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Spinal cord
Shock
Intro to the Spine
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Spine structure:
5 regions:
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Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccyx
Anteriorly convex  Due to gravity
7
12
Anteriorly concave  Birth
Exaggeration = kyphosis, Lateral deviation = scoliosis
5
Anteriorly convex  Due to gravity
Exaggeration = lordosis
Anteriorly concave  Birth
5
Fused
4
Figure 9.1
C1
Structure  Function
Cervicothoracic junction
Thoracolumbar junction
L5
Progressive
increase in size
Lumbosacral junction
High mobility  greatest
potential for injury
Intro to the Spine
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Other facts:
Vertebrae  stabilized via ligaments
and muscles
Intervertebral disks  shock
Agenda
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Introduction to the spine
Articulations of the spine
Pelvic girdle
Hip joint
Combined movements of the spine,
pelvic girdle and hip
Figures 7.2, 7.3, Knutzen & Hamill, 2004
Articulations of the Spine
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Anterior portion
Posterior portion
Vertebral bodies
Intervertebral
disks
Processes
Anterior Articulations
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Intervertebral joints  vertebral bodies
and intervertebral disks
Joint classification  cartilagenous
Joint structure:
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No joint cavity, capsule, synovial
membrane, synovial fluid
Intervertebral disks  “squishing” =
multiaxial ball and socket
Figure 7.5, Knutzen & Hamill, 2004
Circumduction?
Figure 7.6, Knutzen & Hamill, 2004
Posterior Articulations
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Facet joints (apophyseal joints)  Inferior
and superior articular facets
Joint classification: Diarthrodial nonaxial joint
(gliding)
Joint structure:
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Joint cavity, capsule, synovial membrane, synovial
fluid
Two facet joints b/w each vertebrae  except
sacrum and coccyx
Small movement  additive
effect = Large movement
Resultant movement 
orientation of facets
Orientation of facets different
at each region
Cervical Spine
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Facets:
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45° Transverse
Parallel  Frontal
Spinous processes short 
Sagittal freedom
Atlanto-axial  Most
rotation
Thoracic Spine
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Facets:
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60° Transverse
20°  Frontal
Movement similar to
cervical
Limited by:
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Large spinous processes
Costal attachments
Lumbar Spine
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Facets:
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90° Transverse
45°  Frontal
Enhanced F/E due to short
spinous processes
Limited lateral and rotation
Facets between L5 and
sacrum change to prevent
slippage
Other Special Joints
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Antlanto-occipital joint
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Joint classification: Diarthrodial condyloid
(biaxial)
Joint function: Great F/E, little lateral and
no rotation
Atlanto-axial joint
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Joint classification: Diarthrodial pivot
(uniaxial)
Joint function: Rotation only
Putting it all Together
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A little bit of movement at each
vertebrae  additive effect = a lot of
mobility
True for both anterior and posterior
articulations
Agenda
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Introduction to the spine
Articulations of the spine
Pelvic girdle
Hip joint
Combined movements of the spine,
pelvic girdle and hip
Pelvic Girdle Facts
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Functions of the pelvic girdle
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Functionally dependent
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Shock absorption
Protection
Muscle attachment
Movement
Connected anteriorly and posteriorly
The “keystone”
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Responds to hip/thigh movement
Pelvic Girdle Facts
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Made up of three bones fused at
puberty
Pelvic girdle can move in all three
cardinal planes
Pelvic Girdle Articulations
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Sacroiliac joints (SI)
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Posterior link
Pubic symphisis
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Anterior link
Pelvic Girdle Articulations:
Sacroiliac Joints
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Classification: Diarthrodial nonaxial
Joint structure: Strong ligaments however
some movement occurs
Joint function:
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Transmission of upper body load to hip
Shock absorption
Male vs. female differences:
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Hormones
C of G differences
Pelvic Girdle Articulations:
Pubic Symphisis
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Joint classification: Cartilagenous
Joint structure: Fibrocartilage
Joint function:
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Very little movement (shock absorption)
Labor and delivery
Agenda
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Introduction to the spine
Articulations of the spine
Pelvic girdle
Hip joint
Combined movements of the spine,
pelvic girdle and hip
Hip Joint Facts
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Stable joint
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Ligaments
Muscles
Acetabular labrum (fibrocartilage)
Mobile joint
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Pelvic girdle
Hip Joint
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Joint classification: Diarthrodial
multiaxial ball and socket
Joint function: Highly moveable joint in
all three cardinal planes.
Agenda
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Introduction to the spine
Articulations of the spine
Pelvic girdle
Hip joint
Combined movements of the spine,
pelvic girdle and hip
Combined Movements
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No specific muscles for pelvic girdle
movements
Pelvis is the keystone b/w trunk and
thighs
Standing (thighs stable) vs
supine/prone/hanging (trunk stable)
Standing
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When anterior pelvic tilt occurs:
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Lumbar flexion
Hip extension
When lateral pelvic tilt occurs:
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Lumbar extension
Hip flexion
When posterior pelvic tilt occurs:
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Standing on left leg with right hip
flexed? Extended?
Unilateral limb movement in frontal plane
Lateral lumbar flexion
When transverse pelvic rotation occurs:
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Unilateral limb movement in sagittal plane
Lumbar rotation
Supine/Prone/Hanging?
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Supine:
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Prone:
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Flex both thighs (knees bent/straight)?
Curl-up?
Extend both thighs?
Hanging:
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Flex both thighs?
Extend both thighs?