Transcript Chapter 15 Bleeding and Shock

Chapter 15 Bleeding and
Shock
Objectives






Describe the cardio-respiratory system.
List the components of the circulatory
system.
Explain how blood circulates through the
body.
Explain what is meant by standard
precautions.
Define the three basic types of bleeding.
Explain the dangers associated with shock.
Cardiorespiratory System


Cardiorespiratory system includes
functions of the heart, blood vessels,
circulation, and gas exchange
Important components



Heart
Blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries)
Lungs
Heart


Responsible for pumping blood
throughout the body
Dimensions



5 inches long, 3.5 inches long
Weighs less than a pound
Beats 10,000 times a day


8000 gallons of blood through 12000 vessels
Pumps 70-80 times a minute

Slower HR for those in better shape
Structure of Heart

Four cavities






Left/Right Atria
Left/Right Ventricle
Left and right sides separated by
septum
Superior and inferior vena cava
Aorta
Pulmonary artery and vein
Blood Flow Through Heart


Superior and
Inferior Vena Cava
Right Atrium


Right Ventricle



Tricuspid Valve
Pulmonary Valve
Pulmonary Artery
Lung
Blood Flow Through Heart



Lung
Pulmonary Vein
Left Atrium


Left Ventricle


Mitral Valve
Aortic Valve
Aorta
Blood




Approx 5 quarts of blood in adult body
Carries oxygen and nutrients to body
Transports waste products back to
lungs, kidneys, and liver
Essential to immune system,
temperature balance, hormone
messenger
Components of Blood


Plasma: yellowish liquid, 55% of total
volume of blood
Red blood cell: transports oxygen





Hemoglobin
Hematocrit
White blood cell: defense cells
Platelets: helps with blood clots
All of these are produced in bone
marrow
Blood Vessels

Arteries: carry blood from heart to the
body, oxygenated


Arterioles: small arteries
Veins: carry blood back to heart, one
way valves


Veins in legs are surrounded by large
muscle groups that compress veins when
contracted
Venules: small veins
Blood Vessels


Capillaries:
connects arteries
and veins,
responsible for
transferring oxygen
and nutrients to
cells
Coronary Arteries:
heart’s own system
of blood vessels
Blood Pressure



Measurement of
the pressure
against blood
vessel walls
Systolic (top
number): ventricle
contraction
Diastolic (lower
number): ventricle
relaxation
Blood Pressure


Measured using a
sphygmomanometer at brachial artery
Average is 120/80


Athletes usually lower
Factors affecting blood pressure:
stress, nutrition, disease, drugs,
exercise, family history
Pulse


Rhythmical beating of
the heart
Pulse Points








Brachial Artery
Commom Carotid
Artery
Femoral Artery
Dorsalis Pedis Artery
Popliteal Artery
Radial Artery
Temporal Artery
Posterior Tibial Artery
Find Pulse





Should take pulse with first two fingers,
not thumb
Carotid Artery: anterior border of
sternocleidomastoid
Radial Artery: lateral of wrist
Dorsalis Pedis Artery: top of foot,
lateral to extensor hallucis longus
Tibialis Posterior Artery: medial side of
ankle
Personal Protective
Equipment




Should be used
when coming in
contact with blood
or other body fluids
Gloves
Protective Eyewear
Surgical Mask
Removal of Gloves




Grasp the palm or cuff of the left glove with
the gloved right hand.
Pull the left glove toward the fingertips so
the glove ends up inside out.
Holding the removed glove in the gloved
right hand, insert 2 fingers from the left hand
under the cuff of the right glove.
Pull the right glove toward the fingertips of
the right hand, ending up with the glove
inside out and the left glove captured within
the right glove.
Bleeding



Arterial: can be severe, spurts
Venous: less severe but can be
profuse, bluish red blood
Capillary: slow bleeding, higher risk of
infection
Shock



Shock is a failure of the circulatory
system to oxygenate vital organs
Variety of causes
Signs and Symptoms





Weak rapid pulse
Cold clammy skin
Pale
Shallow respiration
Nausea and vomiting