Transcript 4acupoints

GENERAL
INTRODUCTION OF
POINTS
3.1 Definition of
Points
Points (acupoints) are the places
through which Qi of Zang-fu organs
and meridians is transported to the
body surface. In Chinese, points
are called shuxue, shu means
transportion, and xue means hole.
3.2 Classification of
Points
Points fall roughly into three
categories: points of the
fourteen
meridians,
extraordinary points and Ashi
points, which are described
respectively as follows:
Points
of
the
fourteen
meridians, also known as the
"regular points", are distributed
along the twelve regular meridians
and Du and Ren Meridians. As the
major part of points they have their
regular locations, regular names
and pertaining meridians.
Extraordinary points also have
their regular names and regular
locations, but are not integrated
with the fourteen meridians. They
are also named "extra points" in
short. These points are specially
effective in the treatment of certain
diseases.
Ashi points are also called
tender spots. They have no
specific names and definite
locations, and the tender spots
and other sensitive spots are
places
for
needling
and
moxibustion.
3.3 Therapeutic
Properties of Points
Points manifest themselves in
the following three therapeutic
properties.
Local and adjacent therapeutic
properties: All the points in the
body share the common feature
in terms of their therapeutic
properties. Each point located on
a particular site is able to treat
disorder in this area and in nearby
tissues and organs.
Remote
therapeutic
properties:
They are the basic regularity of the
therapeutic properties of points of the
fourteen meridians. The points of the
fourteen meridians, especially those of the
twelve regular meridians located below
the elbow and knee joints, are effective
not only for local disorders but also for
disorders of the tissues and Zang-fu
organs so far as the circulation of their
pertaining meridians can reach.
Some even have systemic
therapeutic
properties.
For
example, Zusanli (ST 36) not
only treats disorders of the lower
limbs, but also regulates the
whole digestive system, even
has some effects on resistance
and immune reactions of the
body.
Special therapeutic properties:Clinical
practice has proved that needling
somepoints may bring forth biphasic
beneficial regulation on a variety of
functional abnormalities of the body. For
instance, puncturing Tianshu (ST 25)
relieves both diarrhea and constipation.
In addition, the therapeutic properties of
some points show relative specificity, For
instance, Dazhui (DU 14) , has an
antipyretic effect, and Zhiyin (BL 67)
helps correct the malposition of a fetus.
3.4 Methods of Locating
Points
What is remarkable about the
therapeutic results is first the accuracy
of locations of points. In order to locate
points accurately, an acupuncturist must
grasp the methods of locating points.
The methods of locating points include
bonelength measurement, anatomical
landmarks, simple measurement and
finger measurement.
3.4.1 Bone-length
measurement
This, also known as proportional measurement, is
a method of locating points in which the bone
segments are taken as measurement markers to
measure the width or the length of various portions
of the body, and then, the measurements are
converted proportionately into the point-locating
standards. The bone-length measurement has
become a basic principle of locating points. Now,
Table 3 and Fig. 3 have showed us the standards
for bone-length measurement.
3.4.2 Anatomical landmarks
This method is based on the body
surface landmarks. The landmarks can
be divided into two types: (1) fixed
landmarks, referring to those visable
and unchangable even with body
movement, such as the five sense
organs, finger (toe) nails, nipple,
umbilicus, etc. and
(2) movable landmarks, referring to
spaces, depressions, wrinkles, etc. that
will appear while the joints, muscles,
skin and others move voluntarily.
For instance, when mouth is open
and a depression anterior to the tragus
is formed, Tinggong (SI 19) can be
located; and when the hand is clenched
into a fist and transverse palmar crease
appears, Houxi (SI 3) can be located.
3.4.3 Simple Measurement
This is simply employed in clinical
practice. For example, to locate
Fengshi (GB 31) at the tip of the middle
finger when at attention, or when the
index fingers and thumbs of both hands
are crossed with the index finger of one
hand stretching, Lieque (LU 7) is in the
place right under the tip of the index
finger.
3.4.4 Finger
measurement
The length and width of the
patient's finger(s) are taken as a
standard for point location. The
following three methods are
commonly used in clinic.
(1) Middle finger measurement:
When the patient's middle finger is
doubled into the palm, the distance
between the two medial ends of the
creases of the interphalangeal joints is
taken as one cun. This method is used
employed to measure the vertical
distance to locate the limb points, or to
measure the horizontal distance to
locate the points on the back.
(2) Four-finger measurement:
The width of the four fingers (index,
middle, ring and little) brought close
together side by side at the level of
the dorsal skin crease of the
proximal interphalangeal joint of the
middle finger is taken as three cun.
(3) Thumb measurement:
The
width
of
the
interphalangeal joint of the
patient's thumb is taken as one
cun. The method is also
employed for measuring the
vertical distance to locate the
points on the limbs .
3.5 Special Points
3.5.1 Five Shu Points
Each of the twelve regular meridians
has, below the elbow or knees, five
special points, namely, Jing-(Well),
Ying-(Spring), Shu-(Stream), Jing(River) and He-(Sea), which are termed
Five Shu points as a whole. They are
situated in the above order from the
distal ends of the extremities to elbow
or knee.
The ancient people gave the
names of the Five Shu points
because they likened the flow of
meridian Qi to flow of water.
Jing-(Well) point is situated in
the place where the meridian Qi
starts to bubble; Ying-(Spring)
Point is where the meridian Qi
starts to gush;
Shu-(Stream) Point is where
the meridian Qi flourishes;
Jing-(River) Point is where the
meridian
Qi
is
pouring
abundantly; and finally, He(Sea) Point signifies the
confluence of rivers into the
sea, where the meridian Qi
meets in Zang or Fu organs.
Clinically, the Jing-(Well) Point is
generally
indicated
in
mental
disorders and vexation or fullness in
the chest; the Ying-(Spring) Point in
febrile diseases; the Shu-(Stream)
Point, in heaviness and joint pain;
the Jing-(River) Point, in asthma and
pharyngolaryngeal disorders; the
He-(Sea) Point, in diseases of the
six
Fu
organs,
such
as
gastrointestinal diseases.
3.5.2 Yuan-(Primary) Points
Each of the twelve regular meridians
has a site on the limbs where the Yuan(Primary) Qi is retained. This site is
called Yuan-(Primary) Point (In the Yin
meridians,
Yuan-(Primary).
Points
overlap with Shu-(stream) Points of the
Five Shu Points). Yuan-Primary Points
play an important role in the treatment
of disorders of meridians and Zang-fu
organs.
3.5.3 Luo-(Connecting) Points
Each of the twelve regular meridians
has, on the limbs, a collateral to link its
exteriorly-interiorly related Yin and Yang
meridians. On the trunk, there are the
collaterals of Du and Ren Meridians and
Major Collateral of the spleen distributed
on the back, abdomen and lateral side of
the hypochondrium. Each of the
collaterals has on Luo-(Connecting) Point
on its origin.
They are termed "the Fifteen
Luo-(Connecting) Points". A
Luo-(Connecting) point may be
used
to
treat
disorders
involving the two exteriorlyinteriorly related meridians
and disorder in the area
dominated
by
the
two
meridians.
3.5.4 Xi-(Cleft) Points
The Xi-(Cleft) Point is the site
where Qi of the meridian is deeply
converged. Each of the twelve
regular meridians and the four extra
meridians (Yinwei, Yangwei,Yinqiao
and Yangqiao) has a Xi-(Cleft) Point
on the limbs, amounting to sixteen
in all.
The Xi-(Cleft) Points used
to treat acute disorders in
the area governed by its
pertaining
meridian
and
those of its pertaining Zang
or Fu organ.
3.5.5 Back-Shu Points
Back-Shu Points are corresponding
points on the back where Qi of the
respective Zang-fu organs is infused.
Back-Shu Points are located on the
Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang
bilateral to the spinal column on the
back.
Most of them are situated close to
their respectively related Zang-fu
organs. So Back-Shu Points
present abnormal reactions, such
as tenderness, to the dysfunction
of their corresponding Zang-fu
organs. They are very significant in
the diagnosis and treatment of the
disorders of their corresponding
Zang-fu organs.
3.5.6 Front-Mu Points
Front-Mu Points are those on
the chest and abdomen where
Qi of the respective Zang-fu
organs is infused and converged.
They are located close to their
corresponding Zang-fu organs.
If a Zang or Fu organ is
diseased, abnormal reactions,
such as tenderness, often
appear in its corresponding
Front-Mu Point. So, the FrontMu Points play a significant role
in the diagnosis and treatment
of the disorders of their
corresponding Zang-fu organs.
3.5.7 Crossing Points
Crossing Points are those at the
intersections of two or more meridians.
Most of them are distributed on the head,
face and trunk. They may be used to treat
meridian disorders of the areas where
they are located. Among them, the
Crossing Points of Du and Ren Meridians
are more important and have more wide
indications.
3.5.8 Eight
Influential Points
The Eight Influential Points are
the eight points where the vital
essence and energy of the Zang
organs, Fu organs, Qi, blood,
tendon, vessel, bone and marrow
join together. These points are
distributed on the trunk and limbs.
3.5.9 Eight Confluence
Points
The eight Confluence Points
refer to the eight points where
the
eight
extra
meridians
communicate with the twelve
regular meridians. All of them are
distributed on the areas superior
and inferior to the wrist joints and
ankle joints.
3.5.10 Lower He-(Sea)
Points
The Lower He-(Sea) Points refer to the six
points of the three Yang meridians of hand
and foot, where the downward-flowing Qi
of the six Fu organs along the three Yang
meridians of foot, and the three Yang
meridians of hand meet. Most of them are
distributed around the knee joints and
indicated in disorders of the six Fu organs.
4 THE FOURTEEN
MERIDIANS AND THEIR
POINTS
4.1 The Lung Meridian
of Hand-Taiyin and its
points
4.1.1 The Meridian
4.1.1.1 The Circulation
of the Meridian
The Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin
originates from the Middle Jiao,
descending to link with the large
intestine. Winding back, it runs
along the upper orifice of the
stomach, passes through the
diaphragm, and pertains to the
lung.
From the lung system, which refers
to
the
portion
of
the
lung
communicating with the throat, it
comes out transversely (Zhongfu, LU
1). Descending along the radial border
of the medial aspect of the upper arm,
it reaches the cubital fossa. Then it
goes continuously downwards along
the anterior border of the radial side in
the medial aspect of the forearm and
enters cunkou (Taiyuan, LU 9).
Passing the thenar eminence,
(Yuji, LU 11) and going along its
radial border, it ends at the
medial side of the tip of the
thumb. The branch emerges
from Lieque (LU 7) and runs
along the dorsum of the hand
onto the radial side of the tip of
the index finger .
4.1.1.2 Main Pathological
Manifestations
The
main
pathological
manifestations
include
cough,
asthma, hypopnea, hemoptysis,
common cold, fullness sensation in
the chest, sore throat, pain in the
supraclavicular fossa and anterior
border of the shoulder and back
and so on.
4.1.1.3 Principal
Indications
The points on the meridian are
mainly used to treat the
disorder of the throat, chest and
lung, as well as other local
symptoms or illnesses along the
circulation of the meridian.
4.1.2 Points
(1) Zhongfu (LU1)
LOCATION Six
cun lateral to
the midline of
the chest, in
the first
intercostal
space
INDICATIONS
Cough,
asthma, fullness of the lung,
pain in the chest and back,
sore throat.
METHOD
Puncture
obliquely
or
subcutaneously 0.5-0.8 cun towards the
lateral aspect of the chest. Moxibustion
is applicable.
REMARKS Front-Mu Point of the lung,
Crossing Point of the Lung Meridian of
Hand-Taiyin and the Spleen Meridian of
Foot-Taiyin.
(2) Yunmen (LU 2)
LOCATION
In the
superior lateral
part of the anterior
thoracic wall,
superior to the
coracoid process of
scapula, in the
depression of the
infraclavicular
fossa, 6 cun lateral
to the anterior
midline.
INDICATION Cough, asthma,
chest pain and shoulder pain.
METHOD Puncture obliquely
0.5-0.8 cun toward the lateral
aspect of the chest. To avoid
injuring
the
lung,
never
puncture deeply toward the
middle aspect. Moxibustion is
applicable.
(5) Chize (LU 5)
LOCATION
On
the
cubital
crease, near the
radial border of the
tendon of m. biceps
brachii. The point is
located with the
elbow slightly flexed.
INDICATION
Cough,
hemoptysis,
sore
throat,
fullness the chest, spasmodic
pain of the elbow and arm.
METHOD
Puncture
perpendicularly 0.5-1.2 cun, or
prick the point to cause
bleeding.
REMARKS He-(Sea) Point of
the Lung Meridian of HandTaiyin.
(6) Kongzui (LU 6)
LOCATION
On the palmar
aspect of the
forearm, on the
line joining
Taiyuan (L 9) and
Chize (L5), 7 cun
above the
transverse crease
of the wrist .
INDICATIONS Cough, hemoptysis,
sore throat, asthma, hemorrhoid,
pain and disability of
extension and flexion of the
elbow and arm.
METHOD Puncture perpendicularly
0.8-1
cun.
Moxibustion
is
applicable.
REMARKS
Xi-(Cleft) Point of
the lung Meridian of HandTaiyin.
(7) Lieque (LU 7)
LOCATION
Superior to the
styloid process
of the radius,
1.5 cun above
the transverse
crease of the
wrist.
INDICATIONS
Exopathogenic
headache, cough, stuffy nose, sore
throat, toothache, deviation of the
mouth and eye, and weakness of the
wrist.
METHOD
Puncture
0.5-0.8
cun
obliquely upward. Moxibustion is
applicable.
REMARKS Luo-(connecting) Point of
the Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin, one
of the Eight Confluent Points,
communicating with Ren Meridian.
(8) Jingqu (LU 8)
LOCATION
When
the
palm
faces upward, the
point is one cun
above
the
transverse crease of
the wrist; on the
medial side of the
styloid process of
the radius, in the
depression on the
lateral side of the
radial artery.
INDICATIONS
Cough, asthma,
chest pain, sore throat, pain in the
wrist and hand.
METHOD Just away from the
radial
artery,
puncture
perpendicularly or obliquely 0.3-0.5
cun.
REMARKS Jing-(River) Point of
the Lung Meridian of Hand-Taiyin.
(9) Taiyuan (LU 9)
LOCATION
At the radial end
of the transverse
crease of the
wrist,
in
the
depression
on
the radial side of
the radial artery .
INDICATIONS
Cough, asthma,
hemoptysis, chest pain, sore throat,
pain in the wrist and arm, acrotism.
METHOD
Just away from the
radial
artery,
puncture
perpendicularly
0.3-0.5
cun.
Moxibustion is applicable.
REMARKS
Shu-(Stream) and
Yuan-(Primary) Point of the Lung
Meridian of Hand-Taiyin. Influential
Point of vessels.
(10) Yuji (LU 10)
LOCATION
At the midpoint
of the palmar
side of the first
metacarpal
bone, on the
junction of the
red and white
skin .
INDICATIONS Cough, asthma,
sore throat, aphonia, fever.
METHOD
Puncture
perpendicularly 0.5-0.8 cun.
Moxibustion is applicable.
REMARKS Ying-(Spring) Point
of the Lung Meridian of HandTaiyin.
(11) Shaoshang (LU 11)
LOCATION
On the radial
side of the
thumb, about
0.1
cun
posterior
to
the corner of
the nail.
INDICATIONS Cough, sore
throat, fever, coma and
manic-depressive disorders.
METHOD
Puncture
perpendicularly 0.1 cun, or
prick the point to cause
bleeding.
REMARKS Jing-(Well) Point
of the Lung Meridian of
Hand-Taiyin.
4.2 The Large Intestine
Meridian of Hand-Yangming
and its points
4.2.1 The Meridian
4.2.1.1 The circulation
of the Meridian
The Large Intestine Meridian of HandYangming starts from the tip of the index
finger (Shangyang, LI 1). Running upwards
along the radial side of the index finger and
passing through the interspace of the 1st
and 2nd metacarpal bones (Hegu, LI 4), it
enters into the depression between the
tendons of m. extensor pollicis longus and
brevis.
Then, running on along the anterior aspect of
the forearm, it reaches the lateral side of the
elbow. From there, it ascends along the lateral
anterior aspect of the upper arm to the
highest point of the shoulder (Jianyu, LI 15).
Then, along the anterior border of the
acromion, it goes up to the 7th cervical
vertebra (the confluence of the three Yang
meridians of the hand and foot) (Dazhui, DU
14), and descends to Quepen (ST 12) (the
supraclavicular fossa) to connect with its
corresponding Zang-fu organs. It then passes
through the diaphragm and enters the large
intestine, its pertaining organ.
The branch from Quepen (ST 12) runs
upwards to the neck, passes through
the cheek and enters the lower gums.
Then it turns back to upper lip and
crosses the opposite meridian at the
philtrum. From there, the left meridian
goes to the right and the right meridian
to left, to the contralateral sides of the
nose (Yingxiang, LI 20), where the
Large Intestine Meridian links with the
Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming.
4.2.1.2 Main Pathological
Manifestations
The pathological manifestations mainly
include abdominal pain, borborygmus,
diarrhea, constipation, dysentery, sore
throat,
toothache,
watery
nasal
discharge or hemorrhage, as well as
pain, fever and swelling, or cold
symptoms along the circulation of the
meridian.
4.2.1.3 Principal Indications
The points on the meridian are
mainly used to treat the disease of
the head, face, five sense organs
and throat; febrile disease; other
disease in the regions along the
circulation of this meridian.
4.2.3 Points
(1) Shangyang (LI 1)
LOCATION
On the radial
side of the
index finger,
about 0.1 cun
posterior
to
corner of the
nail.
INDICATIONS
Sore throat,
toothache, deafness, numbness of
fingers, febrile diseases, syncope.
METHOD
Puncture
perpendicularly 0.1 cun, or prick
the point to cause bleeding.
Moxibustion is applicable.
REMARKS Jing-(well) Point of
the Large Intestine Meridian of
Hand-Yangming.
(2) Erjian (LI 2)
LOCATION
On the radial side
of the second
finger, distal to
the metacarpophalangeal joint,
at the junction of
the red and white
skin. The point is
located when a
loose fist is made.
INDICATIONS
Epistaxis,
toothache, disease of the eye,
wry mouth, febrile disease.
METHOD
Puncture
perpendicularly
0.3
cun.
Moxibustion is applicable .
REMARKS Ying-(Spring) Point
of the Large Intestine Meridian
of Hand-Yangming.
(3) Sanjian (LI 3)
LOCATION
When a loose fist is
made, the point is
on the radial side of
the index finger,
posterior to the 2nd
metacarpal joint or
above the small
head of the 2nd
metacarpal bone .
INDICATIONS
Ophthalmalgia,
toothache, sore throat, fever, fullness
of
the
abdomen,
borborygmus,
redness and swelling of fingers and the
dorsum of the hand.
METHOD Puncture perpendicularly
0.3-0.5 cun. Moxibustion is applicable.
REMARKS Shu-(Stream) Point of
the Large Intestine Meridian of HandYangming.
(4) Hegu (LI 4)
LOCATION
On the dorsum of
the hand, between
the 1st and 2nd
metacarpal bones,
in the middle of the
2nd
metacarpal
bone on the radial
side .
INDICATIONS
Headache,
redness, swelling and pain of the
eye, nasal diseases , deafness,
toothache, trismus, deviation of the
mouth and eye, sore throat,
mumps,
abdominal
pain,
constipation, anhidrosis, hidrosis,
dysentery, dystocia, amenorrhea.
METHOD
Puncture
perpendicularly
0.5-0.8
cun.
Moxibustion
is
applicable.
Acupuncture and moxibustion are
contraindicated
in
pregnant
women.
REMARKS
Yuan-(Primary)
Point of the Large Intestine
Meridian of Hand-Yangming.
(5) Yangxi (LI 5)
LOCATION
On the radial end
of the dorsal
crease of the
wrist. When the
thumb is held up,
it is in the
depression
between the
tendons of m.
extensor pollicis
longus and brevis
INDICATIONS Tinnitus, deafness,
redness, swelling and pain of the
eye , toothache, weakness of the
wrist.
METHOD
Puncture
perpendicularly
0.3-0.5
cun.
Moxibustion is applicable.
REMARKS Jing-(River) Point of
the Large Intestine Meridian of
Hand-Yangming.
(10) Shousanli (LI 10)
LOCATION
On the radial side of
the dorsal surface of
the forearm and on
the line connecting
Yangxi (LI 5) and
Quchi (LI 11) and
external
humeral
epicondylitis.
INDICATIONS
Toothache
and swelling of the neck,
crampy pain in the upper arm,
abdominal pain and diarrhea.
METHOD
Puncture
perpendicularly 0.8-1.2 cun.
Moxibustion is applicable.
(11) Quchi (LI 11)
LOCATION
When the elbow is
flexed to form a
right angle, the
point is at the
midpoint of the line
joining the lateral
end of the
transverse cubital
crease and the
lateral epicondyle
of the humerus.
INDICATIONS Sore throat, abdominal
pain, vomiting, diarrhea, dysentery,
edema, dizziness, eczema, continuous
residual fever after febrile disease,
hemiparalysis, swelling and pain of the
hand and arm.
METHOD
Puncture perpendicularly
0.8-1.5 cun. Moxibustion is applicable.
REMARKS He-(Sea) Point of the
Large Intestine Meridian of HandYangming.
(14) Binao(LI 14)
LOCATION
On the line joining
Quchi (LI 11) and
Jianyu (LI 15) 7 cun
above Quchi (LI 11),
superior
to
the
insertion
of
m.
deltoideus .
INDICATIONS
Pain in
the
shoulder
and
arm,
spasmodic rigidity of the neck,
diseases of the eye, scrofula.
METHOD
Puncture
perpendicularly or obliquely 0.50.8
cun.
Moxibustion
is
applicable.
(15) Jianyu (LI 15)
LOCATION
Antero-interior
to
the
acromion, between the
acromion and the greater
tuberosity of the humerus,
at the center of the upper
portion of m. deltoideus.
When the arm is in
abduction at 90, there are
two depressions on the
shoulder. The point is in the
anterior depression.
INDICATIONS
Pain in the
shoulder and arm, toothache,
urticaria due to wind-heat,
scrofula, numbness of the upper
extremities.
METHOD
Puncture
perpendicularly
0.5-1
cun.
Moxibustion is applicable.
(18) Futu (LI 18)
LOCATION
3 cun lateral to
Adam's
apple,
between the sternal
head and clavicular
head
of
m.
sternocleidomastoideus .
INDICATIONS
asthma,
sore
scrofula, goiter.
METHOD
Cough,
throat,
Puncture
perpendicularly
0.5-0.8
cun.
Moxibustion
is
applicable.
Yingxiang(LI 20)
LOCATION
0.5 cun lateral to
the midpoint of the
lateral border of ala
nasi,
in
the
nasolabial groove .
INDICATIONS
Nasal
diseases, wry mouth, lockjaw.
METHOD
Puncture
obliquely or subcutaneously
0.3-0.5 cun; scar-producing
moxibustion is not advisable.
4.3 The Stomach Meridian of
Foot-Yangming and its Points
4.3.1 The Meridian
4.3.1.1 The circulation
of the Meridian
The Stomach Meridian of FootYangming starts from the lateral
side of ala nasi. It ascends to the
bridge of the nose, where it
meets the Bladder Meridian of
Foot-Taiyang.
Turning downwards along the
lateral side of the nose, it enters
the upper gum. Reemerging, it
curves round the lips and
descends to meet Ren Meridian
at the mentolabial grooveChengjiang (RN 24).
Then it runs posterolaterally across
the lower portion of the cheek at
Daying (ST 5). Winding along the
angle of the mandible Jiache (ST
6), it ascends in front of the ear
and traverses Shangguan (GB 3)
of the Gallbladder Meridian of
Foot-Shaoyang. Then it follows the
anterior hairline and reaches the
forehead.
The facial branch emerging in front
of Daying (ST 5) runs downwards
to Renying (ST 9). From there it
goes along the throat and enters
the
supraclavicular
fossa.
Descending, it passes through the
diaphragm, enters the stomach, its
pertaining organ, and connects
with the spleen.
The straight portion of the meridian
arising from the supraclavicular fossa
runs downward passing through the
nipple. It descends by the umbilicus
and enters Qichong (ST 30) on the
lateral side of the lower abdomen.
The branch from the lower orifice of
the stomach descends inside the
abdomen and joins the previous
portion of the meridian at Qichong (ST
30).
Further
running
downwards,
traversing Biguan(ST 31), and
further through Femur-Futu (ST 32),
it reaches the knee. From there, it
continues downwards along the
anterior border of the lateral aspect
of the tibia, passes through the
dorsum of the foot, and reaches the
lateral side of the tip of the 2nd toe.
The tibial branch emerges from
Zusanli (ST 36), 3 cun below the
knee, and enters the lateral side of
the middle toe. The branch from
the dorsum of the foot rises from
Chongyang (ST 42) and terminates
at the medial side of the tip of the
great toe, where it links with the
Spleen Meridian of Foot-Taiyin .
1
4.3.1.2 Main Pathological
Manifestations
Borborygmus,
abdominal
distention, edema, stomachache,
vomiting or polyorexia, thirst, sore
throat, epistaxis, chest pain, knee
and patella as well as in other
positions along the circulation of
the meridian, febrile diseases and
mania, etc.
4.3.1.3 Principal
Indications
The points on the meridian are
mainly used to treat the diseases of
stomach and intestines, pain in the
head, face, eye, nose and mouth;
toothache; mental illnesses; other
diseases in the regions along the
circulation of this meridian.
4.2 The Points
(2) Sibai (ST 2)
LOCATION
With the eyes
looking
straight
forward, directly
below the pupil,
the point is in the
depression at the
infraorbital
foramen .
INDICATIONS Redness, pain
and itching of the eye, corneal
opacity, twitching of eyelids,
deviation of the mouth and eye,
pain in the face.
METHOD
Puncture
perpendicularly or obliquely 0.30.5 cun.
(3) Juliao (ST 3)
LOCATION
On
the
face,
directly below the
pupil, on the level
of
the
lower
border of nasal
ala, beside the
nasolabial
groove .
INDICATIONS Deviation
of the mouth and eye,
epistaxis, toothache and
swelling of the lips and
cheek.
METHOD
Puncture
perpendicularly
0.3-0.5
cun.
Moxibustion
is
applicable.
(4) Dicang (ST 4)
LOCATION
0.4 cun lateral
to the angle of
the
mouth,
directly below
Juliao (ST 3) .
INDICATIONS Wry mouth,
salivation,
twitching
of
eyelids.
METHOD
Puncture
subcutaneously 1-2 cun
with the tip of the needle
directed towards Jiache
(ST 6). Moxibustion is
applicable.
(6) Jiache (ST 6)
LOCATION
In the depression
one finger-breadth
anterior and superior
to the angle of the
mandible where m.
masseter attaches
at the prominence of
the muscle when the
teeth are clenched .
INDICATIONS
Wry mouth,
toothache, swelling of the cheek,
trismus.
METHOD
Puncture
perpendicularly 0.3-0.5 cun, or
subcutaneously
0.5-1
cun.
Moxibustion is applicable.
(7) Xiaguan (ST 7)
LOCATION
At the lower border
of the zygomatic
arch,
in
the
depression anterior
to the condyloid
process
of
the
mandible. This point
is located when the
mouth is closed.
INDICATIONS
Deafness,
tinnitus, trismus, deviation of
the mouth and eye, toothache.
METHOD
Puncture
perpendicularly 0.5-1 cun.
Moxibustion is applicable.
(8) Touwei (ST 8)
LOCATION
0.5 cun
directly
above the
hairline at
the corner of
the forehead .
INDICATIONS Headache, blurred
vision,
twitching
of
eyelids,
lacrimation.
METHOD
Puncture 0.5-1 cun
subcutaneously.
REMARKS The Crossing Point of
the Stomach Meridian of FootYangming, the Gallbladder Meridian
of Foot-Shaoyang and Yangwei
Meridian.
(9) Renying (ST 9)
LOCATION
1.5 cun lateral to
Adam's apple, just
behind the common
carotid artery, on
the anterior border
of m. sternocleidomastoideus .
INDICATIONS Sore throat,
scrofula,
goiter,
asthma,
hypertension.
METHOD
Keeping away
from the common carotid
artery,
puncture
perpendicularly 0.3-0.8 cun.
(21) Liangmen (ST 21)
LOCATION
On
the
upper
abdomen, 4 cun
above the umbilicus,
2 cun lateral to the
anterior median line .
INDICATIONS Gastric pain,
vomiting, anorexia, abdominal
distension, diarrhea.
METHOD
Puncture
perpendicularly 0.5-1 cun.
Moxibustion is applicable.
MEANING Tian, heaven; shu, pivot.
The region above the navel is
considered as heaven, pertaining to
Yang, while the region below the navel
is earth, pertaining to Yin. The point is
on the center of the umbilicus.
(25) Tianshu (ST 25)
LOCATION
2 cun lateral to
the umbilicus .
INDICATIONS
Abdominal
distension,
borborygmus,
pain
around the umbilicus, constipation,
diarrhea, abdominal mass, dysentery,
irregular menstruation.
METHOD Puncture perpendicularly
0.5-1 cun. Moxibustion is applicable.
REMARKS Front-Mu Point of the
large intestine.
(29) Guilai (ST 29)
LOCATION
On the lower
abdomen, 4 cun
below umbilicus,
2 cun lateral to
the
anterior
median line .
INDICATIONS
Abdominal
pain,
hernia,
irregular
menstruation, leukorrhagia,
spermatorrhea, impotence,
prolapse of the uterus.
METHOD
Puncture
perpendicularly 0.5-1 cun.
Moxibustion is applicable.
(33) Yinshi (ST 33)
LOCATION On the
anterior side of the
thigh and on the line
connecting
the
anteriosuperior iliac
spine
and
the
superiolateral corner
of patella, 3 cun
above this corner .
INDICATIONS
Flaccidity
and arthralgia in the leg and
knee, dyscinesia of the knee
joint and distending pain in
the abdomen.
METHOD
Puncture
perpendicularly 1-1.5 cun.
Moxibustion is applicable.
(34) Liangqiu (ST 34)
LOCATION On the
line connecting the
anterior
superior
iliac
spine
and
lateral border of the
patella, 2 cun above
the lateral superior
border of the patella.
INDICATIONS Pain and numbness
of the knee and leg, gastric pain,
breast abscess, paralysis of the
lower extremities.
METHOD Puncture perpendicularly
0.5-1 cun. Moxibustion is applicable.
REMARKS Xi-(Cleft) Point of the
Stomach
Meridian
of
FootYangming.
(35) Dubi (ST 35)
LOCATION
When
the knee is flexed,
the point is at the
lower border of the
patella,
in
the
depression lateral to
the patellar ligament
(See Fig. 25).
INDICATIONS
Pain,
numbness
and
motor
impairment of the knee,
beriberi.
METHOD
Puncture
perpendicularly 0.5-1.2 cun.
Moxibustion is applicable.
(36) Zusanli (ST 36)
LOCATION
3
cun below Dubi
(ST 35), one
finger-breadth
from
the
anterior crest of
the tibia .
INDICATIONS
Gastric pain, abdominal
distension, vomiting, diarrhea, dysentery,
emaciation due to general deficiency,
constipation, acute appendicitis, numbness
and pain of the lower extremities, edema,
manic depressive psychosis.
METHOD Puncture perpendicularly 1-1.5 cun.
Moxibustion is applicable.
REMARKS (1) He-(Sea) Point of the
Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming.(2) This
point, an important health-giving one, has
tonification effect.
(37) Shangjuxu (ST 37)
 LOCATION
3 cun below
Zusanli (ST
36).
INDICATIONS
Borborygmus,
abdominal
pain,
diarrhea,
constipation, acute appendicitis,
muscular atrophy, numbness, pain
and flaccidity of the lower
extremities.
METHOD
Puncture
perpendicularly
1-1.5
cun.
Moxibustion is applicable.
REMARKS The lower He-(Sea)
Point of the large intestine.
MEANING Tiao, strip; kou, space. The
point is in the strip space between the
fibula and tibia.
(38) Tiaokou (ST 38)
LOCATION 2
cun
below
Shangjuxu
(ST 37) .
INDICATIONS
Numbness,
soreness and pain of the knees
and legs, systremma, swelling of
the dorsum of the foot, flaccid
paralysis of the foot, pain of the
shoulder and arm.
METHOD
Puncture
perpendicularly
1-1.5
cun.
Moxibustion is applicable.
(39) Xiajuxu (ST 39)
LOCATION
3 cun below
Shangjuxu
(ST 37) .
INDICATIONS Lower abdominal pain,
bloody and purulent stool, backache,
pain in the testicle, numbness, muscular
atrophy, pain and motor impairment of
the lower extremities.
METHOD Puncture perpendicularly 11.5 cun. Moxibustion is applicable.
REMARKS The lower He-(Sea) Point
of the Small Intestine Meridian.
(40) Fenglong (ST 40)
LOCATION
8 cun superior
to the external
malleolus,
1
cun lateral to
Tiaokou
(ST
38) .
INDICATIONS
Headache,
productive
cough,
constipation,
muscular atrophy, flaccidity, pain and
paralysis of lower extremities, manicdepressive psychosis, epilepsy, edema,
dizziness.
METHOD Puncture perpendicularly 11.5 cun. Moxibustion is applicable.
REMARKS Luo-(Connection) Point
of the Stomach Meridian of FootYangming.
MEANING Jie, separation; xi, stream.
Xi refers to a minor depression on the
body surface. The point is in the anterior
articular depression of the ankle joint.
(41) Jiexi (ST 41)
LOCATION
On the dorsum of the
foot, at the midpoint of
the transverse crease
of the ankle joint, in the
depression
between
the tendons of m.
extensor
helices
longus and digitorum
longus .
INDICATIONS Headache, dizziness,
abdominal distension, pain of the
ankle joint, muscular atrophy, motor
impairment, pain and paralysis of the
lower extremities.
METHOD Puncture perpendicularly
0.3-0.5 cun. Moxibustion is applicable.
REMARKS Jing-(River) Point of the
Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming.