Transcript Anatomy and Physiology Review

By: Katie, Connie,
Mike and Ben
OSMOSIS
 Diffusion
FACILITATED DIFFUSION
of water
across a
semipermeable
membrane from an
area of
solute concentration
to an area of
solute concentration.
Answer: Low to High
 Movement
of a
substance across a
cell membrane from
an area of
concentration to an
area of
concentration.
Answer: High to Low
 Concentration
Gradient
 Cross (sectional area where diffusion
occurs)
 Temperature
 Molecular weight of a substance
 Distance through which diffusion occurs
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Diffusion
Active transport
Osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion
Exocytosis
Answer: A
A) The lower the diffusion, the higher the
temperature.
B) The greater the concentration gradient, the
faster the rate of diffusion.
C) The lower the concentration gradient, the
faster the rate of diffusion.
D) The lower the temperature, the faster the
diffusion rate.
Answer: B. The greater the concentration
gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Osmosis
Brownian Movement
Diffusion
Lysis
Answer: B

Simple

Facilitated
a. Diffusion
b. Passive transport
c. Osmosis
d. Active transport
Diffusion, passive transport and osmosis are examples of
movement that does not require cellular energy. Since
sodium ions are pumped against the concentration
gradient, it requires work and is called active transport.
A. Movement of a substance across a cell
membrane from an area of high
concentration to an area of low
concentration with the help of a carrier.
B. Diffusion of water across a semi-permeable
membrane from an area of low solute
concentration to an area of high solute
concentration
C. Net movement of a substance from an area
of high concentration to an area of low
concentration
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Solutions having
greater solute
concentration than that
of the cytosol
 Solutions having lesser
solute concentration
than that of the cytosol
 Solutions with the same
solute concentration as
that of the cytosol
 solutions with the same
solute concentration as
that of the cytosol

- is the study of the structure of
body parts and their relationships to
one another
-Is the study of the function of the
body’s structural machinery.
Answers:
1. Anatomy
2. Physiology
Lateral is away from the head or toward
the lower part of the body.
Answer: False, Lateral is away from the midline of
the body.
The elbow is distal to the wrist.
Answer: False, The wrist is proximal to the elbow.
The knee is superior to the pelvis.
Answer: False, The knee is inferior the pelvis.
Right
Upper
Quadrant
Left Upper
Quadrant
Right Lower
Quadrant
Left Lower
Quadrant
Epigastric
Left
Hypochondriac
Right
Hypochondriac
Right
Lumbar
Right Iliac
Umbilical Left Lumbar
Hypogastric
Left Iliac
Answer: Right Upper Quadrant
 A. Body
facing forward, toes pointing
forward, palms facing backward
 B. Body, toes, and palms facing backward
 C. Body facing forward, arms at the sides,
palms facing forward
 D. Body facing backward and palms
facing outward
Answer: C
 Nasal
 Oral
 Orbital
 Middle
Ear
 Synovial
Dorsal Cavity has 2 subdivisions, they are…
Vertbral
Cranial
What are the subdivisions of the Ventral
Cavity?
Thoracic:
Superior Mediastinum
Pleural
Paricardial
Abdominal
Pelvic
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Cranial
Dorsal
Vertebral
Thoracic
Diaphragm
Abdominal
Pelvic
1 kilometer (km) is equal to
1 millimeter ( mm) is equal to
1 centimeter (cm) is equal to
1 micrometer( um) is equal
to
0.000001 meters
0.001 meters
1000 meters
.01 meters
Two kilograms is _______ grams.
Answer: 2,000 grams.
Three decagrams is _______ grams.
Answer : 30 grams.
A milligram is ______ gram.
Answer: 1/1000 of a gram.
How many
centimeters in 53
inches?
Answer: 134.62 cm
( 2.54 x 53 = 134.62
)
21. Convert 185 lbs to
kilograms
Answer: 84.09
kilograms (
185/2.2 = 84.09 )
20.

Frontal (Cornal)

Median (Sagittal)

Transverse (Horizontal)

Parasagittal
Divides body into left
and right (equal parts).
 Separates into superior
and inferior parts
(doesn’t have to be
equal).
 Separates body into
unequal left and right
parts.
 Separates body into
anterior and posterior.

 The
Parietal Serosa is the part of the
membrane lining the cavity wall.
 The Visceral
Serosa lines the organs
inside the cavity.
Parietal pleura
b. Visceral peritoneum
c. Visceral pleura
d. Peritoneal pleura
Answer: C
a.
 Esophagus
 Trachea
 Heart
 Thymus
 Aorta
 Pulmonary
artery
 Lymph nodes
Mesothelium
Blastocyst.
-blast
b. -cyte
c. - stasis
d. None of the above
Answer: A
a.
Mesothelium
B. simple columnar
C. Endothelium
D. simple cuboidal
A.
Answer: C. Endothelium!!!! 
 Reproduction
(production of sperm from
the gonads.)
 Sensory reception (smell and taste.)
 Transport (mucus in the trachea by cilia.)
 Exchange/filtration ( oxygen and carbon
dioxide through the capillary walls.)
 Absorption (of water and ions.)
 Secretion (hormones, sweat, mucus.)
 Protection ( saliva, bacteria in intestines.)
Striated
b. Stratified
c. Stipulated
d. Intercalated
Answer: B
a.
Simple
Squamous
Epithelium
Tissue
A. filtration
B. protection
C. absorption
D. Diffusion
Where is this located?
Answer: B. Protection (Like the skin!!!)
Esophagus.
Stratified
Columnar
Epithelium
Tissue
produce glands that secrete materials
b. protect from dehydration or mechanical
damage
c. provide a selectively permeable barrier
d. provide a structural framework for other
tissues
e. Provides sensory surface
Answer: B Epithelial tissue provides a
structural framework for other tissues ....
for this is the work of the basement
membrane.
a.
Ciliated Psuedostratified Culumnar
Epithelium
Dust cellB. Kupffer cellsC. HistiocyteD. Langerhans cellE. MicrogliaA.
Found in the liver
Found in the respiratory
tract.
Found in the nervous
system
Found in connective
tissue
Found in the skin
Loose (Areolar) Connective
Tissue
Elastic
Fibers
Collagen
Fibers
Fibroblast
 Dense
Regular
Connective
Tissue
Adipose
Cartilage heals slower than skin because
cartilage is a deeper tissue.
2. The inside lining of the intestine has a large
surface area because of the presence of cilia.
3. Adipose is a type of connective tissue
because that is where fat is stored.
a. Only 1 and 2
b. Only 2 and 3
c. 1,2,3
d. Only 1, 3
Answer: B
1.
Epidermis
Dermis
Hypoder-
mis
 Stratum
Basale
 Stratum Spinosum
 Stratum Granulosum
 Stratum Lucidum
 Stratum Corneum
A. Stratum basale
B. Stratum spinosum
C. Stratum granulosum
D. Stratum lucidum
E. Stratum corneum
Answer: D. stratum lucidum
5.) Stratum
Basale
4.)Stratum
Spinosum
3.) Stratum
Granulosum
1.) Stratum
Corneum
2.) Stratum
Lucidum
6.) Papillary
Layer
10.) Sebaceous
(oil) Gland
12.) Hair
Follicle
9.) Hypodermis
13.) Arrector
Pili Muscle
7.)Dermal
Papillae
8.)
Reticular
Layer
14.) Apocrine
Gland
11.) Sweat
Gland
Mucus
b. Keratin
c. hyaline cartilage
d. Myosin
e. both a and b
Answer: B
a.
 Endocrine
 Exocrine.
Answer: Exocrine
 Mitochondria
 Golgi
Aperatus
 Ribosomes
 Smooth ER
 Rough ER
 Lysosomes
 Nucleus
A.
B.
C.
D.
Smooth ER
Rough ER
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Answer: A. Smooth ER
A.
B.
C.
D.
Double layered protein surrounding the
cell.
phospholipid bilayer surrounding the
cell.
Single layer of protein surrounding the
nucleus.
I have no idea!!!
 Cells
 Reproduction
 Organization
 Digestion
 Metabolism
 Movement
 Homeostasis
 Heredity
 Responsiveness
 Growth
 Melanin
 Carotene
 hemoglobin
Everywhere except your hair
b. Everywhere in the body
c. Everywhere except your palm
d. Everywhere except your soles
e. C and D
Answer: E
a.
Loss of memory
b. Dry skin
c. Increase risk of skin infection
d. Dehydration
e. a, b, c
f. b, c, d
Answer: F
a.
The space
between the
pleurae of the
lungs that
extends from
the sternum to
the vertebral
column is
the…
A.) Cranium
B.) Mediastinum
C.) Pericardial Cavity
D.) Thorax
Answer: B
A.) Digestive
B.) Skeletal
C.) Respiratory
D.) Circulatory
Answer: C
A.) A weak Acid
B.) Hydrogen
C.) Nitro oxide
D.) A bicarbonate ion
Answer: D
A.) Vitamin K
B.) Cortisol
C.) Vitamin A
D.) Vitamin D
Answer: D
A.) Monosaccharide
B.) Disaccharide
C.) Polysaccharide
D.) Triglyceride
Answer: B
A.) In the polarized
state, sodium and
potassium ion
concentration are in
static equilibrium.
B.) Both potassium and
sodium ions can
“leak” through the
cell membrane due
to diffusion.
C.) The maintenance of
the potential is based
exclusively on
diffusion process.
D.) When the sodiumpotassium pump is
activated, potassium
is pumped into the
cell twice as fast as
the sodium is
pumped out, thus
causing membrane
A surgical pathology
specimen from a 24year-old woman seen
at a reproductive
clinic demonstrates a
ciliated columnar
epithelium. Where
did this specimen
come from?
A.) Fallopian tube
B.) Endometrium
C.) Ovary
D.) Cervix
A.) Combining an
endosome with a
lysosome and
degrading or
releasing the
contents.
B.) Transporting an
endosome from one
side of a cell to the
other by releasing
the contents by
exocytosis.
C.) Recycling the
contents of the
endosome back to
the surface of the
cell.
 Copious
amount of
blood vessels
 Dominated by large
empty looking cells
with thin margins and
considerable
amounts of stored
lipids
 Often pale
 Performs cushioning
functions for the
kidneys and the
posterior portions of
A.) Areolar
B.) Dense regular
C.) Dense irregular
D.) Adipose
E.) Reticular
Answer: D

Serous membrane

Endothelium

Mucous Membrane

Cutaneous
The epithelial
membrane that lines
body cavities open to
the exterior membrane
 Consists of keratinized
stratified squamous
epithelium
 Found lining the
digestive and
respiratory tracts
 Makes up the pleura
and pericardium
 Lines blood vessels
and the heart
 The epithelial
membrane that lines
the closed ventral
cavities of the body

 Tight
junctions
 Desmosomes
 Gap
junctions
 Help
prevent
molecules from
passing through the
extracellular space
between adjacent
cells
 Type of anchoring
junction
 Communicating
junction
 Present in electrically
excitable tissues
 Abundant in tissues
subjected to great
mechanical stress
 Receptor-
Monitors
the environment &
responds to changes
 Control centerdetermines the set
point at which the
variable is
maintained
 Effector- provides the
meant to respond to
the stimuli