Transcript INTRODUCTION TO Prosthodontics and Occulsion

 The Prosthodontics is a part of the dental science that
improve the esthetic and functional aspects of the oral
and maxillofacial region through artificial restoration
of the lost teeth and adjacent soft tissues
 Complete denture Prosthodontics
The part that restore all the natural teeth and related
tissue artificially
 Removable partial denture Prosthodontics
The part that restore one or more absent teeth and soft
tissue through removable prosthesis
 Fixed Prosthodontics
The part that restore one or more absent teeth through
fixed prosthesis
 Dentulous – Full complement of teeth.
 Edentulous – Lost all the teeth
 Partially edentulous – Lost a few teeth
 Upper arch – Maxillary arch
 Lower arch – Mandibular arch
Surfaces of teeth –
Mesial
Distal
Buccal
Lingual
Occlusal
Vertical movement
Horizontal movement
• Protrusive or forward
• Opening
• Closing
• Retrusive or Backward
• Right lateral
• Left lateral
 All these movements together
will anable mastication
 Occlusion -What
is occlusion?
Occlude means ‘to close’
Any contact between the incising or
masticatory surfaces of the maxillary
and mandibular teeth’
is termed as occlusion
 Occlusal Plane -Average plane established by incisal
and occlusal surfaces of the teeth
 Curve of spee – seen in Natural dentition.
Anatomic curvature of occlusal surfaces of teeth
beginning at the tip of the lower canine and following
the buccal cusps of the premolars and the molars,
continuing to the anterior border of the Ramus,
 Curve of Wilson:
It is the mediolateral curve that contacts the buccal and
lingual cusp tips on each side of the arch. It results
from the inward incination of the posterior teeth (
mandibular molars ), making the lingual cusps lower
than the buccal cusps.
Centric Occlusion – the occlusion the patient makes
when they fit their teeth together in maximum
intercuspation
- A cusp to fossa relation.
The masticatory (or stomatognathic) system
is generally considered to be made up of
three parts:
the Teeth, the Periodontal Tissues,
and the Articulatory System.
 Key of occlusion
First key,
Molar inter-arch relationship, the upper first molar's
mesio-buccal cusp should essentially occlude into the
buccal groove, of the lower first molar.
The first upper molar's mesio-palatal cusp must occlude
into the central fossa of lower first molar
Second key
 The mesial slope of the maxillary canine is in line with
the distal slope of the mandibular canine.
 When the maxillary and mandibular teeth contact
simultaneously the condylar proceses are fully seated
in the mandibular fossae
MAXILLARY AND MANDIBULAR TEETH
SHOULD CONTACT EVENLY
 TO ALLOW OPTIMUM FUNCTION,
 TO MINIMIZE TRAUMA TO THE SUPPORTING
STRUCTURES, AND
 TO ALLOW AN EVEN LOAD DISTRIBUTION
THROUGHOUT THE DENTITION.
 OCCLUSAL INTERFERENCES
Interferences are undesirable occlusal contacts that
may produce mandibular deviation during closure
to maximum intercuspation.
 When there is occlusal interferences there
is trauma which cause tissue changes
in periodontal ligament space
 CENTRIC RELATION
CENTRIC RELATION IS DEFINED AS THE
MAXILLOMANDIBULAR RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH THE
CONDYLES ARTICULATE WITH THE THINNEST AVASCULAR
PORTION OF THEIR RESPECTIVE DISKS
WITH THE CONDYLES IN THE ANTEROSUPERIOR POSITION
AGAINST THE SHAPES OF THE ARTICULAR EMINENCES.
THIS POSITION IS INDEPENDENT OF TOOTH CONTACT.
 The masticatory movements takesplace with
in the following movements
• Opening
• Closing
• Protrusive or forward
• Retrusive or Backward
• Right lateral
• Left lateral
All these movements together will anable mastication
Types of condylar Movements
During opening or closing of the
mandible
Rotational movement
Translational movement
Rotational Movement
 Around the horizontal axis (hinge axis)
Opening of the jaw
Translational movement
Wide opening
Translational movement
Protrusive
Retrusive
Movement around the vertical axis
Border movements of the Mandible in
Sagittal plane
Border Movement of the Mandible
Horizontal Plane and Frontal plane
 Left lateral border
 Right lateral border
 Functional movements
Movement in the frontal plane
Movement in the saggital plane
Movement in the horizontal plane
It is with in this boundary that all the movements
of the mandible and the movements of Mastication
takes place.
This Masticatory system is disturbed
in patients with occlusal interference.
 Canine guided occlusion – During lateral excursive
movement the canine contacts each other only and no
other posterior teeth contact is seen,
 Group function - During lateral excursive movement
the canine contacts each other as well as other
posterior teeth contact is seen.
Christensen's Phenomenon
During protrusive movements, there will be
no contact of the posterior teeth
It is important to be familiar with
 Definitions
 Components of the masticatory system
 Occlusal interference
 Key of occlusion
 Mandibular Movements
 Occlusal scheme in Natural dentition.