Transcript Document
Introduction to Human Anatomy Sanjaya Adikari Department of Anatomy Why do you need to study anatomy? • A doctor should be able to localize symptoms and signs – Pains – Lumps/bumps – Withdrawing of blood & giving injections – Basic medical procedures Why do you need to study anatomy? • Surgeons need to know what they cut – Where to cut – How to find the structures/organs – Relationship of stuctures/organs – Normal variations Subsections in the study of Anatomy • Dissections/Macroscopic structure • Histology/Microscopic structure • Embryology • Genetics Dissection is done in regions – Head and neck (with Nervous control M) – Thorax (with Res. Gas exch. M, Blood & Circula M) – Abdomen (with Alimentation M) – Pelvis & Perineum – Limbs (with Excretion & Reproduc M) (with Locomotion M) Anatomical Terms Anatomical Position Anterior = Ventral Posterior = Dorsal Superior = Cephalic Inferior = Caudal Left and Right Medial and Lateral Anatomical planes Para saggital/ Para median A B ‘A’ is lateral to ‘B’ ‘B’ is medial to ‘A’ Superior/ cephalic Inferior/ caudal A B ‘A’ is proximal to ‘B’ ‘B’ is distal to ‘A’ A B Pre-axial border Post-axial border Abduction Adduction Flexion Extension Flexion Movement that carries the limb anteriorly and bends it Extension Movement that carries the limb posteriorly and straightens it Flexion Extension Circumduction Rotation Superficial Closer to the skin/out side Deep Away from the skin/out side Books Recommended • Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy • McMinn’s colour atlas of Human Anatomy • Grant’s Dissector • Wheater’s Functional Histology by B Young and J.W. Heath or Textbook of Human Histology with Colour Atlas and Practical Guide by Inderbir Singh Books Recommended • LAST’S ANATOMY REGIONAL AND APPLIED • Gray’s Anatomy for students • Textbook of Anatomy by Inderbir Singh • Clinically oriented Anatomy, By Keith L. Moore • Human Embryology by Prof. Malkanthi S. Chandrasekera List of things to be brought by you on the day of introduction to dissections Scalpel blade and handle – 4 sets per group Non toothed-forceps with a broad tip – 4 per group Toothed-forceps with a broad tip – 4 per group Pare of scissors (curved) - 2 per group Cotton wool - 400 g packet Gauze bandage - 06 per group Two pairs of socks One sponge (about 2 x 3 x 5 inches) to apply body fluid • A grey clothe 60 inches wide and 2 ½ meters long • • • • • • • • • Grant’s Dissector and a Lab coat Instruments Scalpel blade (No 22) Scalpel handle (No. 4) Instruments Instruments Gold-handled, curved fine-tipped Scissors 5-6 inch Forceps Approach to the human bodies Scissors Forceps Approach to the human bodies Scissors Forceps Approach to the human bodies Scissors Forceps Approach to the human bodies Scissors Forceps Communication with staff • Talk during practical classes • Meet us personally in the office • ‘Comments box’ next to the Anatomy notice board (of the ground floor) • Email: Our: [email protected] [email protected] Your: [email protected] Batch Stu. No. Exams • Semester Exams – 4 • SAQ (40%), MCQ (30%), OSPE (30%) • Each OSPE item will have equal weightage • No separate merit exam • Marks from the 4 semester exams will decide ‘Distinctions in Anatomy’