Transcript Spring 2014 - Unit 1 Study Guide

Unit 1: Introduction to Anatomy
Test Review
Which term refers to the study of
how an organ functions?
Physiology
A group of similar cells performing a
specialized function is referred to as
a(n)
Tissue
Cells are to tissues as tissues are to
Organs
Be able to describe anatomical position
Standing
up
Feet facing forward
Arms at sides
Palms forward
Know your directional terms & which
are alike & opposite
Anterior/Ventral
vs
Posterior/Dorsal
Superior vs Inferior
Medial vs Lateral
Which directional term refers to
the back?
Posterior/Dorsal
The heart is ________ to the
lungs?
Medial
In atatomical position, the wrist is
____________ to the elbow.
Distal
Which type of section divides the body
into anterior & posterior portions?
Frontal/coronal
Visceral refers to
Internal
organs
Which two cavities does the
diaphragm separate?
Thoracic
& abdominal
The liver would be found in which
cavity?
Abdominal
The urinary bladder is found in
which abdominopelvic region?
hypogastric
Homeostasis refers to
Stable
internal
conditions
In which quadrant would the pain of
acute appendicitis be felt?
Lower
right quadrant
The study of the body's organization
that considers the heart, blood and all
of the associated blood vessels as a unit
is called?
Systemic
anatomy
The study of the body's organization by
areas (the approach used in most
medical schools) is called
Regional
anatomy
X-rays, ultrasound, MRI, and other
technologies used to create pictures of
internal structures are examples of
Anatomical
imaging
Which organ systems is/are involved in
transporting or exchanging gases in the
body?
Respiratory
Cardiovascular/circulatory
The organ system that consists of the
skin, hair, and nails, and protects the
body and prevents water loss is the
Integumentary
The organ system that maintains tissue
fluid balance, filters foreign material
from blood and lymph, absorbs fats
from the digestive tract, and combats
disease is the
Lymphatic
system
Given these structures: Organ, organelle,
chemical, cell, organism, organ system, tissue
Arrange the structures in the correct order
from smallest to largest:
 Chemical
 Organelle
 Cell
 Tissue
 Organ
 Organ system
 Organism
The organ system that consists of
glands such as the pituitary and thyroid
glands and is a major regulatory system
is the
Endocrine
system
The basic living unit of all plants and
animals is the
Cell
What is a function of negative
feedback mechanisms?
Maintain
homeostasis
What are the two examples of a
positive-feedback mechanisms given
in class?
Chronic
hypertension
Childbirth
From the anatomical position, the
scapula (shoulder blade) is always
_____ to the ribs
Dorsal
Posterior
Superficial
A vertical plane that divides the body
into right and left halves is also
correctly called the
Midsaggital
plane
The term that would best describe an
injury (lesion) of the upper arm is a(n)
Brachial
lesion
A cut across the long axis of an
organ at an angle other than a right
angle is described as a(n)
Oblique
section
The trunk of the body consists of
the thorax, the abdomen, and the
Pelvis
The thoracic cavity is separated
from the abdominal cavity by the
Diaphragm
The mediastinum divides what?
The
thoracic cavity
into two parts
The heart is found in what
cavities/structures?
Mediastinum
Thoracic
cavity
The fluid found between serous
membrane layers does what?
Reduces
friction
Which of these statements about serous membranes is true?
A. Serous membranes line cavities that open to the outside of the
body.
B. Visceral serous membranes are in contact with internal organs.
C. Retroperitoneal organs are surrounded by both parietal and
visceral serous membranes.
D. Serous membranes surround the pleural and peritoneal cavities,
but not the pericardial cavity.
E. All of these are true.
B
The pericardial cavity contains ___.
Pericardial
fluid
The kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas,
and urinary bladder are what type of
organs?
Retroperitoneal
Given the cavities:
1. Abdominal cavity, 2. Pelvic cavity, 3.
Oral cavity, 4. Pericardial cavity
Which of these cavities are lined with
serous membranes?
Abdominal
Pelvic
Pericardial
A girl is lying on her left side. Her
right ear is _____ to her nose.
Posterior
Lateral
Differentiation occurs when
 Some
portions of DNA
become (or remain
active) while other
portions become (or
remain) inactive.
A negative feedback mechanism
contains what three components?
Sensor
Control
Effector
center
A feedback mechanism that takes
the body away from homeostasis is
Positive
feedback
mechanism
A feedback mechanism that returns
the body to homeostasis is
Negative
feedback
mechanism
In anatomic terms, the forearm is
the _____ region and the fingers
are the _____ region.
Antebrachial, digital
In anatomic terms, the posterior
portion of the elbow is the ____
region.
olecranal
The dorsal body cavity contains
what two cavities?
Cranial
Vertebral
The mediastinum, pleural, and
pericardial cavities are contained within
which trunk cavity?
thoracic
The coxal region refers to the
hip
The lowest level of organization in
the body is the _______ level.
chemical
The upper and lower extremities
compose the ________ portion of the
body.
appendicular
Human somatic (body) cells contain
the diploid number of
chromosomes which is
46
Mitosis results in what type of cells?
Two
daughter cells
that are genetically
identical to the parent
cell.
Frontal Section
Divides
the body into
anterior & posterior
parts (front & back)
Sagittal section
Divides
the body into
right & left halves
Longitudinal section
A
cut across the long
axis of an organ
Transverse section
 Divides
the body into
superior & inferior
parts.
 Divides an organ at right
angles to the long axis
Oblique section
A
cut across the axis
of an organ at any
angle other than a
right angle
Thoracic cavity
Surrounded
by rib
cage, bounded
inferiorly by
diaphragm
Pelvic cavity
Contains
the bladder,
enclosed by pelvic
bones
Abdominal cavity
Contains
liver,
stomach, kidneys &
spleen
Pericardial cavity
Contains
the heart,
but not lungs
Pleural cavity
contains
heart.
lungs, but not