Transcript Lecture 1: Eye Anatomy

EYE ANATOMY
ROOT WORDS
EYE ANATOMY
http://everlastingelephants.blogspot.com/2009/08/what-is-eye-cataract.html

The orbital bone
The eye socket
 Eye is cushioned within orbit
by pads of fat


Lacrimal gland

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eye_orbit_anatomy_anterior2.jpg
Produces tears
http://mwsu-bio101.ning.com/forum/topics/distinct-human-celltypes-1?commentId=2263214%3AComment%3A10331

Eyelids (L):
Protection against particles and
light
 Help spread tears over surface of
eye- moist & comfort


Eyelashes (L):

Filter out foreign matter
http://www.medical-look.com/human_anatomy/organs/Eyelids_and_eyelashes.html

Sclera (S):
“White of the eye”
 Tough, opaque tissue that
extends around the eye
 Attached to the extraocular
muscles

http://www.thirdeyehealth.com/sclera.html

Extraocular Muscles
Help move the eye left, right,
up, down and diagonally
 These 6 muscles are:

Superior rectus
 Inferior rectus
 Medial rectus
 Lateral rectus
 Inferior oblique
 Superior oblique

http://media.photobucket.com/image/introduction%20to%20eye%20anatomy/trimurtulu/Eye.jpg

Cornea (K):
Clear tissue infront of the
Irisi
 Function:



Focus light as it enters eye
Avascular

Only organ that has no blood
vessels
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cornea.jpg

Pupil (P):


Central opening of iris
Iris (I):
Ring shaped tissue
 Colored part of eye
 Controls the amount of light
that enters the eye

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Two muscle fibers:

Contraction


http://www.bioconsulting.com/Bio_Tech_Assessment.html
Constricts pupil in bright light
Dilation

Dilates pupil in dark
http://www.goodhope.org.uk/departments/eyedept/angleclosureetc.htm

Crystalline Lens:



Clear, flexible structure
Behind the iris & pupil
The lens & ciliary body
help control fine focusing of
light as it passes through
the eye
http://www.smartplanet.com/business/blog/smart-takes/artificial-lens-implant-to-givepatients-high-definition-vision-better-than-2020/2558/
EYE ANATOMY

Vitreous Chamber:
Located behind the lens &
in front of the retina
 Filled with a gel-like fluid
called the vitreous humor
 The vitreous help maintain
the shape of the eye

http://www.ophthobook.com/questions/question-how-many-chambers-are-there-in-the-eye

Retina:

Acts like the film in a camera to
create an image
hhttp://www1.appstate.edu/~kms/classes/psy3203/EyePhysio/human_retina.htm
http://www.answersingenesis.org/tj/v13/i1/retina.asp

Retina:
Acts like the film in a camera to
create an image
 Converts light signals into nerve
signal then send these signals to the
optic nerve


Optic nerve carries the signals to the
brain
hhttp://www1.appstate.edu/~kms/classes/psy3203/EyePhysio/human_retina.htm
http://www.answersingenesis.org/tj/v13/i1/retina.asp

Retina:
Acts like the film in a camera to
create an image
 Converts light signals into nerve
signal then send these signals to the
optic nerve


Optic nerve carries the signals to the
brain
hhttp://www1.appstate.edu/~kms/classes/psy3203/EyePhysio/human_retina.htm
Rods- low light situations
 Cones- allows you to see color

http://www.answersingenesis.org/tj/v13/i1/retina.asp

Fovea
Located in the central part
of the retina
 Responsible for giving
sharp central vision

http://www.dukehealth.org/eye_center/specialties/macular_degeneration/care_guides/macular_dege
neration_frequently_asked_questions

Optic Nerve
A bundle of 1 million nerve
fibers
 Responsible for transmitting
nerve signals from the eye to
the brain
 The optic disc is the front
surface of the optic nerve


http://cssd.us/body.cfm?id=802
The optic disc is visible on the
retina
http://www.wollongong.youronlinecommunity.com.au/wollongong-online/2008/50/walkthrulife/eyehealth.html
OPTIC CHIASM
The X-Shaped
space infront of
the pituitary gland
where the optic
nerves cross the
brain
CILIARY BODY
Ciliary muscle, which changes the shape of the lens
when your eyes focus on something. This process is
called Accommodation.
TAPETUM LUCIDUM
- A layer of tissue lying behind the retina that reflex
more light for the photoreceptors.
- Found in nocturnal mammals for night vision
CATARACT
Clouding of the lens which leads to decreased
vision
Mostly due to age: degrading of the lens 

GLAUCOMA
Disease that damages the optic nerve which 
results in blindness
Results from increased pressure from fluid build
up
