Transcript e03_15-16_7_continuation-of_active-receptive

READING SKILL
Lectured by:
Miss Yanna Queencer Telaumbanua, M.Pd.
F. ACTIVE, RECEPTIVE AND THROWAWAY VOCABULARY
• Three categories of known words:
1. Knowing well enough words and using them 
active
2. Recognizing, more or less understand but are not
yet efficiently sure of to use (responding them but
never use and may not completely understand) 
receptive
3. Ignoring what is not important for their immediate
purpose  throw-away
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1. Active vocabulary: words we know well enough to
use ourselves.
2. Receptive vocabulary: words we understand
approximately when we meet them, but can’t use.
3. Receptive vocabulary can be active vocabulary if
exposure to the language is found continuously.
4. Throw-away vocabulary: not all words we meet
are worth learning, it depends on the context.
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• So, don’t spend much time to have a great deal of
attention to every detail of a text, except for
intensive reading but not need to master so
completely.
G. LEARNING TO IGNORE DIFFICULT WORDS
Ability to
decide what
s/he can
safely ignore.
Skilled
reader
Wrong
Dangerous
Practice d
under
teacher’s
guidance
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3
questions
Before
reading
While
reading
After
reading
Before
ignoring
words
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Why
?
Questions
A
Very
Skilled
one
Competent reader
Answerable
Unanswerable
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Helping the students to
recognize what they do not
understand
3
strategies
Helping the students to locate
the sources of difficulty
Giving them strategies for
coping with the difficulty
when they have found it
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Practice in
identifying the
sources of
difficulty
Make the
students
aware that
this approach
is necessary
No key or hard and fast rules
which words to be ignored
Judge
whether a
word is worth
attending to
or not
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Some
suggestions
Possible to get gist in incomplete texts without
understanding every word
Try to complete texts without looking up any words
Identify the words they really must look up containing
new words + simple questions
Allow them to look up the new words to assurre the well
enough understanding to answer questions
H. WHAT MAKES WORDS DIFFICULT?
Idioms
Transfer of
meaning
Words
with
several
meaning
Irony
Subtechnical
vocabulary
Synonyms
and
antonyms
Superordinates
Idioms
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• Idiom is a lexical meaning consisting of several
words, with a meaning that cannot be deduced
from the meaning of the individual words.
• For example:
1. He was beside himself.
Assure the
2. I can’t go through with it.
students
have
3. They solved it once and for all.
noticed
and
understood
the idioms
in the text
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beside oneself (with something)
Fig. in an extreme state of some emotion. I was beside myself with joy.
Sarah could not speak. She was beside herself with anger.
If you are beside yourself with a particular feeling or emotion, it is
so strong that it makes you almost out of control:He was beside himself
with grief when she died.
Transfer of
meaning
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• Metaphor, metonimy and similar kinds of transferred
meaning are always potential problems.
• Metaphor always involves an implicit comparison
between A and B
• To know it is metaphor by analyzing what A and B
have in common that is relevant to the context.
• For example: galloping inflation: comparison
between galloping and a horse
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Some approaches to do
Identify the two terms of the
comparison, A and B
Identify the characteristics of A
and B that are relevant
Check that your interpretation
makes sense in the context
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Words
with
several
meaning
• Any word has more than one meaning.
• Dangerous misunderstanding when the words used
in specialized senses by the writer in specialized
fields.
• Some things can be done for this:
1. Alert the students to the occurence of
unexpected meanings
2. Train them to use common sense in deciding
whether to accept a familiar meaning/ to check
whether another is possible.
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3. Supply sentences which words are used with
unfamiliar meanings.
4. Ask them to select the appropriate one from
several definitions
5. Study a technical text
6. List all the words used in ways that differ from the
usual ones.
7. Use dictionary to select the meanings to context.
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Subtechnical
vocabulary
• This is about ESP.
• It is difficult with the specialized technical jargon
and in specialized disciplines.
• Some trouble words:
1. Average
Problem in
2. Approximate
conceptual
3. Effect
than
4. Combination
linguistics
5. Determine
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Superordinates
• Superordinates are words of more general meaning
viewed in relation to other words of more specific
meaning which could also be referred to by the
more general term.
• For example:
• Superordinate: building
• Hyponyms: house, school, factory, cinema, hotel
Synonyms
and
antonyms
Synonym
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Antonym
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Irony
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Irony
I. USING A DICTIONARY
FOR YOUR ATTENTION... ANY THING
TO BE DISCUSSED?