Transcript poetry-terms-and-introduction-ppt

POETRY
Traditionally, poetry is a language
arranged in lines with a regular rhythm
and often with a definite rhyme
scheme.
SPEAKER
▪ The speaker is the voice in a poem. A
poem can sometimes have more than one
voice.
5 Guidelines for Reading a Poem
▪ Read the poem aloud at least once,
following the punctuation for phrasing.
▪ Be alert to key words and references.
▪ Write a paraphrase of any lines that are not
clear to you or need simplifying.
▪ Arrive at the central idea or meaning of the
poem.
▪ Use internet sources to help with
paraphrasing or analysis.
Diction
▪ The words a poet chooses and the way he
or she arranges the words to express a
thought are referred to as the poet’s diction.
Connotation
▪ The emotional meaning of the word
▪ In poetry, diction is especially important
because every word must relay the right
connotation.
Poetic License
▪ The poet’s freedom to use language
creatively
▪ Poets often invent (coin) words to relay an
intended meaning.
▪ The poet may change words, invent (coin)
new ones, rearrange the normal order of
words, and omit understood phrases in
order to create a certain mood or create a
special meaning.
Imagery
▪ Words or phrases that use description to
create pictures (images) in the reader’s
mind
Tone
▪ The attitude a writer takes toward the
subject or the reader
Figurative Language
▪ The use of language to describe one thing in
terms of something else
▪ Figurative language is at the heart of poetry.
Language Devices
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Personification
Symbol
Simile
Metaphor
Extended Metaphor
Pun
Personification
▪ A special form of metaphor in which an
inanimate thing or animal is given human
characteristics
Symbol
▪ An object, such as a person, action, or an
event that stands for something more than
itself as well
Simile
▪ A straightforward comparison of two unlike
things, using either of the words like or as
▪ Example: The clouds were like puffs of
cotton candy.
Metaphor
▪ A more powerful figure of speech comparing
two unlike things, without the use of the
words like or as
▪ It omits the specific word of comparison and
directly identifies the two unlike things
▪ Example: The clouds were puffs of cotton
candy.
Extended Metaphor
▪ A comparison of two unlike things which is
extended throughout the poem
Pun
▪ A humorous play on words, using either:
▪ Two or more different meanings of the same word,
or
▪ Two or more words that are pronounced
somewhat the same but have different meanings
▪ Example: Romeo and Juliet’s Mercutio, fatally
wounded, knows he does not have long to live.
Punning on the word grave, he says, “Ask for me
tomorrow and you shall find me a grave man.”
Sound Devices in Poetry
▪ Ways an author changes how the poem sounds
Rhyme
▪ The repetition of accented vowel sounds
and all succeeding sounds in words that
appear close to each other
Rhyme Scheme
▪ The pattern of rhymes in a stanza or poem
End Rhyme
▪ Rhyming words that occur at the end of a
poetic line
Internal Rhyme
▪ Rhyme occurring within a line of poetry
Exact Rhyme
▪ Words that exactly repeat a sound
Slant Rhyme
or
Approximate Rhyme
▪ Rhyme in which the final sounds of words
are similar but not identical
Example: because/was
Alliteration and
Consonance
▪ The repetition of consonant sounds.
▪ Alliteration repeats the beginning sound.
▪ Consonance repeats the middle and end
sounds
▪ Example: “Peter Piper picked a peck of
pickled peppers.”
Assonance
▪ The repetition of vowel sounds.
▪ Example: “The bad, fat cat sat on the mat.”
Refrain
▪ The recurring use of a phrase, entire line, or
stanza
Onomatopoeia
▪ The sound of a word imitates or suggests its
meaning.
▪ Examples: “Whoosh!” “Tick-tock” “Zoom!”
Repetition
▪ The reappearance of a word, phrase,
stanza, or structure in any literary work
▪ 3 Common forms of Repetition: (1) refrain;
(2) rhyme; (3) alliteration
Rhythm
▪ Any regular, recurrent flow of motion or
sound
Meter
▪ Regularized rhythmic pattern in a line of
poetry
Iambic Pentameter
▪ A line with 10 syllables in 5 pairs of
unstressed and stressed syllables.
▪ Example:
▪ When I do count the clock that tells the time
Blank Verse
▪ Unrhymed iambic pentameter that conveys
a natural, conversational rhythm.
Free Verse
▪ Poetry that is not controlled by any regular
metrical pattern.
▪ This is the easiest type of poetry to write.
Structures of Poetry
▪
Structure is the form or pattern a poet
chooses for the arrangement of his thought
– Stanzas
– Line
– Tercet
– Quatrains
– Cinquain
Sonnets
Couplets
Sestet
Septet
Octave
Stanza
▪ Any group of related lines that forms a
division of a poem. They function somewhat
like paragraphs do.
Lines
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Line 1 line of poetry *
Couplet – 2 lines of poetry *
Tercet – 3 lines of poetry *
Quatrain – 4 lines of poetry *
Cinquain – 5 lines of poetry
Sestet – 6 lines of poetry
Septet – 7 lines of poetry
Octave – 8 lines of poetry *
Types of Poetry
Sonnet
Shakespearean or Italian
Narrative
Haiku
Epic
Concrete
Ballad
Lyric Poetry
Dramatic Poem
Sonnet
▪ A fixed form of poetry that contains fourteen
lines, usually written in iambic pentameter
▪ The sonnet has 2 traditional rhyme
schemes: (1) English and (2) Italian
English Sonnet
▪ Also known as the Shakespearean Sonnet
▪ It contains 3 quatrains (groups of 4 lines) + 1
couplet (2 lines) = 14 lines
▪ Rhyme Scheme:
▪ abab cdcd efef gg
Italian Sonnet
▪ Also known as the Petrarchan Sonnet
▪ It contains 1 octave ( 8 lines) +
1 sestet (6 lines) = 14 lines
Possible Rhyme Schemes:
abba abba
cde cde OR cdcdcd
Narrative Poetry
▪ A poem that tells a story
Epic
▪ A long poem celebrating the deeds of a
society’s hero.
▪ Most epics are concerned with larger-thanlife heroes and heroines.
▪ The language of an epic is stately and
dignified.
▪ Example: The Odyssey
Most Famous Epics
▪ Greek: The Iliad and The Odyssey by
Homer
▪ Roman: The Aeneid by Virgil
▪ Italian: The Divine Comedy by Dante
▪ English: Paradise Lost by John Milton
Ballad
▪ A relatively short narrative poem, originally
meant to be sung
▪ Usually includes a rhyme scheme and a
refrain
Dramatic Poem
▪ Presents one or more characters speaking,
usually to each other, but sometimes to
themselves, or directly to the reader
Haiku
▪ A Japanese form of poetry known for it’s
structure.
▪ Always a tercet
▪ Each line has a set number of syllables
–5
–7
–5
▪ (like the highway)
Concrete Poem
▪ A poem known for it’s distinctive structure
▪ The shape of the poem helps to convey
meaning
Lyric Poetry
▪ Poetry, usually short, which focuses on the
emotions or thoughts of the speaker.
▪ Examples: The sonnet and the elegy
(poem written about the death of someone)
are among the most popular forms of lyric
poetry.