Transcript Analogies - mrsboonesclass

Unlocking Analogies
Take good notes!
What are analogies?
• Analogies show relationships between
words.
• The symbols used in analogies are the single
colon : and the double colon ::
• The single colon : is read “is to”
• The double colon :: is read “as”
• Example: shark : fish :: cow : mammal, which
would be read “shark is to fish as cow is to
mammal.”
Breaking Down Analogies
• I am going to break down analogies into
different types, so that you become
comfortable with one type of analogy
before you are ready to explore another.
• Here we go! We’re on a mission to
understand and unlock analogies!! 
Synonym Pairs in Analogies
• Synonyms are words that are
similar in meaning to each other
• How many words can you think
of that mean the same as hot?
Synonym Pairs
• If the first pair of words are synonyms,
then the second pair of words are
synonyms as well.
• However, all the words do not have to
be synonyms for each other.
• Example: hot : warm :: cold : cool
• Example: big : large :: small: little
Synonym Pairs
Let’s write some synonym analogies together!
Antonym Pairs in Analogies
• Antonyms are words that mean the
opposite of each other.
• Example: sad : happy :: up : down
• Example: in : out :: pretty : ugly
Antonym Pairs in Analogies
Let’s write some antonym analogies together!
Homophone Pairs in Analogies
• Homophones are words that sound alike
but are spelled differently and have
different meanings.
• How are aisle, I’ll, and isle related?
• What other homophones can you think
of?
Homophones in Analogies
• Example: see : sea :: hair : hare
• Example: hear : here :: plane : plain
• Example: main : mane :: meet : meat
• Let’s write some homophone analogies
together!
Part to Whole
What relationship is shown in the analogy below?
Teacher is to faculty as principal is to administration
A teacher is part of a faculty, and a principal is part of
the administration. Both are parts of groups in the field
of education. This analogy would be classified as a partwhole relationship.
Another example: athlete : team :: spectator : audience
An athlete can be part of a group of players on a team.
A spectator is part of a group of spectators in an
audience.
Characteristics
1. The first word is an adjective that describes
a quality of the second word.
rough : sandpaper :: smooth : silk
2. The first word is a noun that describes a
characteristic of the second word.
flexibility : muscle :: rigidity : bone
3. sweet : apple :: __________ : lemon
Identifying Classes
• Analogies can name things that are in
the same class.
• How are these words related?
violin, viola, cello
They are all stringed instruments.
They are part of the same class.
How Things Are Alike
• How are the first two words alike? How are the second
two words alike?
• An analogy can compare members of one class to
members of another class.
Example: Parakeet : bird :: greyhound : dog
A parakeet is a type of bird. A greyhound is a type of dog.
We can compare the two word pairs by saying they each are
a member of a class.
Class Pairs
• How are the words in the first pair alike?
How are the words in the second pair alike?
How is the second pair similar to the first
pair?
• Snowboarding : snow sport :: sailing : water
sport
• Snowboarding is an example of a snow sport;
sailing is an example of a water sport. Each
word pair describes a member and its class.
Objects People Use
• Analogies can be used to connect objects
with their functions.
• How are these words related?
helicopter, airplane, glider
They are all things that fly.
• How are these words related?
skates, wheelbarrow, bicycle
They are all things that roll.
The Right Function
• broom : sweep :: soap : clean
• The purpose of a broom is to sweep. The
purpose of soap is to clean.
• We can compare the two word pairs by
saying they describe objects and functions.
Complete this analogy:
Pencil : _________ :: scissors : cut
Comparing Objects and Functions
• How are the words in the first pair related?
• How are the words in the second pair
related?
• How is the second pair similar to the first
pair?
Tongue is to taste as ears are to hear.
The function of a tongue is to taste. The
function of ears is to hear. In this way, the
relationship between tongue and taste is like
the relationship between ears and hear.
Things People Do
Analogies can be used to connect people with the
actions they perform.
How are these words related? surgeon, operates
The word operates tells what a surgeon does.
What does a jockey do? A jockey rides.
Surgeon is to operates as jockey is to rides.
surgeon : operates :: jockey : rides
The Right Action
How are the first two words related? How are
the second two words related?
author, write artist, paint
An action an author performs is to write. An
action an artist performs is to paint. We can
compare the two word pairs by saying they
describe people and the actions they perform.
Another way of saying this is “Author is to write
as artist is to paint.”
author : write :: artist : paint
Comparing Doers and Actions
• How are the words in the first pair related?
• How are the words in the second pair related?
• How is the second pair similar to the first pair?
Builder is to construct as reporter is to inform.
An action that a builder does is to construct. An
action that a reporter does is to inform. In this
way, the relationship between builder and
construct is like the relationship between
reporter and inform.
Where Is It Found?
How are these words related? buffalo, prairie
The word prairie tells where a buffalo is found.
Where is a cow found? A cow is found in a
pasture.
Buffalo is to prairie as cow is to pasture.
buffalo : prairie :: cow : pasture
The Right Location
How are the first two words related? How are
the second two words related?
teacher, classroom scientist, laboratory
A teacher might be found in a classroom. A
scientist might be found in a laboratory. We can
compare the two word pairs by saying they
describe people and the places they work.
Another way of saying this is “Teacher is to
classroom as scientist is to laboratory.”
teacher : classroom :: scientist : laboratory
Comparing Locations
How are the words in the first pair related? How
are the words in the second pair related? How is
the second pair related to the first pair?
Journalist is to newspaper as chef is to restaurant
A journalist works at a newspaper. A chef works
at a restaurant. In this way, the relationship
between journalist and newspaper is like the
relationship between chef and restaurant.
journalist : newspaper :: chef : restaurant
Types of Analogies We’ve Learned
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Synonyms
Antonyms
Homophones
Part to Whole
Characteristic Of
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Type Of/Example Of
Object to Function
Doer to Action
Location