Transcript What is a Word?

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EFFECTIVE
VOCABULARY
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You will learn . . .
 What is effective vocabulary?
 Why learn more words?
 How many words to learn?
 Which words to learn?
 ‘Knowing a word’ means?
 How to learn words?
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Effective Vocabulary
The right word
in the right form
in the right place.
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What is a Word?
 one or more letters or sounds
 smallest unit for independent use
 separated by spaces in writing
 chief carrier of meaning
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Why learn more words?
 to speak & write better
 to listen & read better
 to think clearly & powerfully
 to invite more ideas
 to communicate effectively
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How many words to learn?
 1,000 words for a basic conversation
 2,000 words to survive through the day
 10,000 words for university education
Word frequency studies prove
20% words serve 80% needs
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Which words to learn?
New
 New vs known
Important
Expressive
 Important vs not-so-important
 Expressive vs receptive
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Knowing a word means . . .
knowing its
Form
Grammar
Collocation
Denotation
Spelling
Meaning
Connotation
Appropriate
ness
Meaning
Relation
Pronunciation
Synonyms
Antonyms
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How to Learn Words - 1
Discovery Strategies
 Increased exposure
 Incidental learning
 Guess from context
 Use dictionary
 Ask someone
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Guessing Meaning
It was at the water queue that
Perumayee learnt to fight,
push and shove. “If you stand
there like a dumb idiot, you
will come home with an empty
bucket”, screamed Amma.
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Use Dictionary
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Use a Thesaurus
The little boy slipped,
tripped, stumbled, tumbled,
dropped and fell, but
continued his journey till he
was ankle-deep in the cold,
blue, white and wonderful
water in the river.
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Learn to Ask
“What’s the word for ___ in English?”
“How do you say____ in English?”
“What does ____ mean?”
“It’s a kind of _____ .”
“It’s like a _____ .”
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How to Learn Words - 2
Memory Strategies
 Memorize
 Use meaning relations
 Use word parts
 Use imagery
 Mnemonics
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Spelling
Spell these words right?
apparant, wisper, facinate,
conjuror, conseal, savege,
guinia-pig, orkestra
apparent, whisper, fascinate,
conjurer, conceal, savage,
guinea-pig, orchestra
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Learning Spelling
rrpaey
eitskr
ypnrue
ghtrsent
deenrrrsu
filters
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Learning Spelling
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Pronunciation
coup, diaphragm, bomb,
pseudonym, thumb, corps,
pneumonia, reign, psalm
/kuː/, /ˈdaɪəfræm/, /bɑm/,
/ˈsjuːdənɪm/, /θʌm/, /kɔː(r)/,
/njuːˈməʊniə/, /reɪn/, /sɑːm/
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Learning Pronunciation
Use a dictionary
 Listen to newscasts
 Listen carefully

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Synonyms
Thin
Slim
Slender
Skinny
Lean
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Antonyms
Was he _______ (slavish)?
Was he _______ (sad)? The
question is _______
(meaningless). Had anything
been _______ (right), we
should _______ (doubtfully)
have heard.
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Homophones
Aloud – allowed
Peace – piece
Hire – higher
Root – route
Might – mite
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Homonyms
Rise – raise
Book – book
Bank – bank
Story – storey
Knees – niece
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Collocation
Heavy rain
Strong wind
Mobile phone
A quick meal
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Collocation
homework, effort,
mistakes, something,
copies, a job
Make
Make
effort
mistakes
copies
money
judgments
sure
a difference
sense
a decision
Do
Do
homework
a job
something
whatever
gardening
work
anything
things
nothing
well
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Lexical Web




Liner
Cabin
Berth
Deck




Port-hole
On board
Steward
Smoking room
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Root Words
Match the root words on the left with their meanings:
Root
Meaning
chrono
bell
arthro
year
short
color
chrom
vit
cred
brev
war
believe
joint
life
ann
time
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Grammar
The studiousness of the
studious student who
studied studiously at the
students hostel during
the study hours was
appreciated.
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Using Images
Sunshine
Lightning
Puddles
Raindrops
Hailstorm
Snowflakes
Frost
Flood
Weather
Forecast
Drought
Tidal wave
Tornado
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Mnemonics
 Stop Fooling Around, Now
Delightful Music
 Abscond – absent in a second
 My very easy method: just
set up nine planets
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How to Learn Words -3
Metacognitive Strategies

Set learning goals

Conscious effort

Practice

Test yourself

Review repeatedly
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Practice, more practice
 Written repetition
 Spoken repetition
 Word lists
 Word Association
 Vocabulary notebooks
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