Transcript A Ch 9-10
What is a word association experiment? What is a word association experiment? ● What's the first word to come into your head when you see: What is a word association experiment? ● What's the first word to come into your head when you see: cracker What is a word association experiment? ● What's the first word to come into your head when you see: Roger What is a word association experiment? ● What's the first word to come into your head when you see: Piruet What is a word association experiment? ● What's the first word to come into your head when you see: filthy What is a word association experiment? ● What's the first word to come into your head when you see: flaming What is a word association experiment? ● What's the first word to come into your head when you see: staunch What is a word association experiment? ● What's the first word to come into your head when you see: Molly What is a word association experiment? ● What does this say about the mental lexicon? What is a word association experiment? ● What does this say about the mental lexicon? – Words have connections with other words – The connections are based on belonging to a similar semantic field What is a word association experiment? ● What are the limitations of this experiment? What is a word association experiment? ● What are the limitations of this experiment? – only one connected words identified – people communicate with more than one word What is a word association experiment? ● What are the limitations of this experiment? – only one connected words identified – people communicate with more than one word • context influences it What is a word association experiment? ● What are the limitations of this experiment? – only one connected words identified – people communicate with more than one word • context influences it tire, jack, and ________ What is a word association experiment? ● What are the limitations of this experiment? – only one connected words identified – people communicate with more than one word • context influences it queen, jack, and ________ What is a word association experiment? ● What are the limitations of this experiment? – only one connected words identified – people communicate with more than one word • context influences it Jack and the ________ What is a word association experiment? ● What are the limitations of this experiment? – only one connected words identified – people communicate with more than one word • context influences it Very handy, a jack ________ What is a word association experiment? ● What are the limitations of this experiment? – only one connected words identified – people communicate with more than one word • context influences it Very stupid, a jack ________ Answers in word association involve: ● Coordination – Words on the same level • red, green, blue • flounder, herring, guppy • January, February • sun, moon, stars – Opposites • high, low • dark, light • round, flat Answers in word association involve: ● Collocation – Words that appear together frequently • • • • • • rock, roll filthy lucre surf, sand hoity toidy razor blade hot, sweat Answers in word association involve: ● Collocation – Words that appear together frequently • flaming liberal/conservative • staunch Catholic/Muslim • active Baptist/Mormon Answers in word association involve: ● Superordinate (hypernyms) – Name of category the word falls under • sandwich > food • soccer > sport • nurse > profession Answers in word association involve: ● Synonymy – Word with same meaning • • • • eat > ingest fall > trip fall > autumn angry > mad What kinds of associations are there? ● Type of semantic relationships – Coordination (things at same level) – Superordination (hypernyms) (Things at higher level) – Hyponyms (things at a lower level) – Meronyms (parts of the thing) What kinds of associations are there? ● Example: Chair – dresser and table are coordinates (things at same level) – furniture is a superordinate (hypernyms) (Things at higher level) – rocker is a hyponym (things at a lower level) – leg and cushion are meronyms (parts of the thing) What kinds of associations are there? ● Visuwords – ● train, evil, crack, jack WordNet – tree, Mormon Evidence that words in same semantic field stored together ● Similar places in brain light up when people activate – tools – fruit – animals Evidence that words in same semantic field stored together ● Similar places in brain light up when people activate – tools – fruit – animals ● Aphasics have trouble with certain semantic fields, but not others – clothes – kitchen utensils No such thing as synonymy ● COCA ● small tiny ● boy kid ● steal rob Collocations ● Search for surrounding words ● go + adjective ● come + adjective ● liberal conservative Construction Grammar ● Instead of building sentences with words we have prefabs we use – Where's _________ – VERB one's way through _______ • • • She's working her way through school Bob made his way through the crowd I painted my way through college Construction Grammar ● Instead of building sentences with words we have prefabs we use – X causes Y to receive Z – • Bob gave Carol a ring • Cindy gave him a bad time X intends Y to receive Z • Bob gave a ring to Carol Construction Grammar ● Instead of building sentences with words we have prefabs we use – X causes Y to receive Z – • Bob gave Carol a ring • Cindy gave him a bad time X intends Y to receive Z • • Bob gave a ring to Carol *Cindy gave a bad time to him – 9Z must be concrete not abstract) Construction Grammar ● Certain words mean motion – expel, push, drag, haul – • The principal expelled them from school • They pushed the chair off the balcony • They hauled the gear up the mountain Construction: X VERB Y (locative expression) Construction Grammar ● Construction: X VERB Y (locative expression) – This gets extended to verbs without a movement meaning: laugh, smoke, sneeze • • • Bob laughed Sally out of the room He sneezed the paper off the table He smoked them out of the meeting Construction Grammar ● Construction: to VERB out of house and home – implies expulsion by some kind of excess • • • We'll all be taxed out of house and home His son ate them out of house and home She smoked him out of house and home Construction Grammar ● Construction: VERB X adjective – He smashed the box flat – The sergeant marched the recruits sick – He drives me mad Construction Grammar ● Set constructions become idioms – to drive one crazy – sick in the head – safe and sound – larger than life – scratch the surface – get the hang of it – eat like a pig