Transcript Base words

Word Study /
Literacy Development
Reading – Part Five
English Language
Arts & Reading
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Objectives
To gain an understanding of
how the study of words
relates to the development
of reading
To provide instructional
strategies to teach Word
Study and Literacy
Development
English Language
Arts & Reading
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Understandings about
Reading Words
Students should come to understand
Some letters can represent more than one sound
Different letters can represent the same sound
Sounds can be represented by a single letter or
combination of letters
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Instructional
Word Study Strategies
How do you teach word analysis?
Identify and blend together all of the letter-sound
correspondences in words
Recognize high frequency and irregular words
Use common spelling patterns
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Instructional
Word Study Strategies
Use structural clues such as compound words, base
words, and inflections
Use knowledge of word order and context to support
pronunciation and confirm word meaning
**District curriculum will help discern common
patterns and order of word introduction.
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Instructional
Word Study Strategies
Decoding
Word Sorting
Irregular Words
Word Walls
Letter Combinations
Spelling Patterns
Syllable Patterns
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Word Study Strategies
Decoding
Decoding is the process of converting printed words
into their spoken forms by using knowledge of lettersound correspondences and word structures.
The goal of decoding instruction is to provide
students with word study strategies for reading
words.
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Word Study Strategies
Decoding
Select words that
Consist of previously taught letters
Progress from short VC and CVC words to
longer words
Are frequently used in texts
Represent familiar vocabulary
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Word Study Strategies
Decoding
Blend individual sounds without stopping
between them
Follow sounding out of a word with its “fast”
pronunciation
Move from orally sounding out words to silently
“sounding out” words
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Word Study Strategies
Decoding
Students begin decoding regular words when they
1. Know the sounds that letters make
Phonemic Awareness
2. Know a few letter-sound correspondences
Alphabetic Principle
Students say the sounds for all the letters from left
to right and blend the sounds together to pronounce
and read regular words.
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Word Study Strategies
Decoding
Decoding requires knowledge of the structures of
the language
Phonemic
Graphophonemic
Syllabic
Morphemic
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Concepts Revisited
Review
Phonemic Awareness – The ability to hear and
manipulate the sounds in spoken words, and the
understanding that spoken words and syllables are
made up of sequences of speech sounds
Yopp, 1992
Graphophonemic Awareness – making the
connection between letters (graphemes) and sounds
Syllable – the break in a word
Morphemes – the smallest unit of meaning
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Word Study Strategies
Word Sorting
Provide opportunities to make, sort, and read words
that consist of letter-sound correspondences they
have learned in English or Spanish
Teachers can model and scaffold learning during
lessons to help all students successfully apply
newly acquired letter-sound knowledge
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Arts & Reading
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Word Study Strategies
Word Sorting
During these lessons,
students focus on individual
phonemes in words and
blending sounds together to
read words
Sorting words during the
lesson encourages
students to look carefully at
the way words look and
sound
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Word Study Strategies
Irregular Words
Consist of some letters that do not represent their
most common sounds
Can often be partially decoded to determine the
correct pronunciation
Tend to be high frequency words
Sometimes referred to as sight words
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Word Study Strategies
Irregular Words
Teach the most frequently occurring irregular words
Introduce irregular words before students encounter
them in stories
Limit the number introduced in a single lesson
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Word Study Strategies
Word Walls
Introduce and group words by different categories
on a wall / board / chart
Help students learn to read and spell important
words
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Word Study Strategies
Word Walls
Select words from reading programs, high-frequency
word lists, etc.
Add a limited number of words gradually
Display in a highly visible, accessible place
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Word Study Strategies
Word Walls
Categorize words in a variety of ways
Alphabet (ABC order)
# of letters in words
CV, CVC, etc
Incorporate a variety of word wall activities
Encourage use of the word wall during independent
reading and writing
Provide many opportunities for practice
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Word Study Strategies
Letter Combinations
Letter combinations are
groups of consecutive
letters that represent a
particular sound or sounds
in words
The most common
combinations are usually
taught first
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Word Study Strategies
Letter Combinations
Consonant blends – the
combined sounds of two or
three consonants that can
occur in words.
Consonant digraph – a
combination of consonants
that represent one unique
sound.
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Word Study Strategies
Letter Combinations
Vowel combinations or pairs – two adjacent
vowels in the same syllable representing a single
speech sound.
P / EA / CE – the / EA / makes one long e
sound.
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Word Study Strategies
Spelling Patterns
Spelling patterns are letter sequences that
frequently occur in a certain position in words.
Spelling patterns are also known as phonograms.
Words that contain the same phonogram form
word families.
(/ ack / back, jack, lack, knack)
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Word Study Strategies
Spelling Patterns
Decoding by analogy to known words.
Students ask
“What words do I know that look the same?”
“What words do I know that end (or begin) with
the same letters?”
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Word Study Strategies
Syllable Patterns
A syllable is a word or part
of a word that is made with
one opening of the mouth
Every syllable has one
vowel sound
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Word Study Strategies
Syllable Patterns
Help students make generalizations about words
they can already pronounce
Provide a strategy for pronouncing and reading
unfamiliar words based upon their orthography or
the way they are spelled
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Word Study Strategies
Syllable Patterns – Six Types
Closed Syllable (CVC)
Consonant / Vowel / Consonant
Ends in at least one consonant,
the vowel is short.
Open Syllable (CV)
Consonant / Vowel
Ends in one vowel, the vowel is long.
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Word Study Strategies
Syllable Patterns – Six Types
Vowel – Consonant - e (VCe or CVCe)
Ends in one vowel, one consonant, and a final e.
The final e is silent and the vowel is long.
Vowel + r Syllable
Has an r after the vowel, the vowel makes an
unexpected sound.
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Word Study Strategies
Syllable Patterns – Six Types
Vowel Pair Syllable
Has two adjacent vowels. Each vowel pair
syllable must be learned individually.
Final Stable Syllable
Has a final consonant - l - e combination or a nonphonetic but reliable unit such as -tion / shun /.
The accent usually falls on the preceding syllable.
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Word Study Strategies
Compound words – two words that are put
together to make a new word
carport
doorway
daycare
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Word Study Strategies
Inflectional endings
English: -s, -es, -ing, -ed
Spanish: -mente, -ito, -s, -es
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Word Study Strategies
Base words
Un / friend / ly
How many more can you think of?
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Word Study Strategies
Suffixes and prefixes
English: re-, un-, con-,
-ness, -ful
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Word Study Strategies
Syntax and Context
Used to
Support word identification.
Confirm word meaning.
Student asks
“Does that sound right here?’
“Does that make sense?”
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Summary
Word Study and Literacy
Development is essential in
the developing of Reading.
There are many Word
Study instructional
strategies that can be used
to enhance word analysis
skills.
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