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TEACHING ADVANCED PHONICS WITH THE SEVEN SYLLABLE TYPES Cynthia Santosuosso October 17, 2013 OBJECTIVES Examine the seven syllables types Choose appropriate cutting patterns when teaching syllabication Determine how learned skills will be applied in the classroom setting AGENDA Background on syllables The seven syllable types and 5 cutting patterns Classroom application BACKGROUND SOUND/SYMBOL ORGANIZATION 20 Vowel Sounds +24 Consonant Sounds 44 Total Speech Sounds FACTS ABOUT PREDICTABILITY IN SPELLING 50% of words are predictable by rule. 36% of words are predictable by rule with one error. 10% of words will be predictable with word origin and morphology taken into account. Fewer than 4% of words are true oddities. From Hanna, Hanna, Hodges, and Rudorf (1966) WHY TEACH SYLLABLES? To “chunk” unfamiliar words accurately and quickly: reincarnation; accomplishment To distinguish similar words: scarred – scary ripping – ripening slimmer – slimy To remember spelling: written, writing grapple, maple misspelled, accommodate SPEECH AND WRITING ARE DIFFERENT The syllable breaks that seem natural in speech do not guide conventions for dividing written syllables. Syllable spelling patterns are cues to vowel pronunciation (short, long, diphthong). scared/scarred biter/ bitter K-1 PHONICS Consonants Digraphs Short vowels Silent e Initial and final consonant blends R-controlled vowels Vowel teams Dipthongs Open/closed syllables Multi-syllable words WHAT IS A SYLLABLE? WHAT IS A SYLLABLE? “A syllable is a word or a part of a word with one talking vowel.” -Project Read RULES ABOUT SYLLABLES Every syllable has one vowel sound The number of vowel sounds in a word equals the number of syllables. A one syllable word is never divided. weak, feet, choice HOW MANY SYLLABLES DO THESE WORDS HAVE? napkin Atlantic bandit distinct frantic fantastic HOW MANY SYLLABLES??? napkin (2) Atlantic (3) bandit (2) distinct (2) frantic (2) fantastic (3) THE SEVEN SYLLABLE TYPES THE FIVE “CUTTING PATTERNS” SYLLABLE TYPE: CLOSED SYLLABLE TYPE: CLOSED A closed syllable is a syllable that ends in a consonant sound or sounds. It usually has a short vowel sound. Sample words with closed syllables: staff ab / sent kit / ten it Closed syllables account for almost half of the syllable types in text! This skill is introduced first, in grade 1. We mark a the short vowel in a closed syllable with a breve ˘ EXAMPLE: cat WHICH ARE CLOSED SYLLABLES? USE A BREVE (˘) TO MARK THE CLOSED SYLLABLES. pem raiz at ve stips mi ep utch prau WHICH ARE CLOSED SYLLABLES? pem raiz at ve stips mi ep utch prau CUTTING PATTERN: VCCV VCCV The vccv pattern is usually cut between the two consonants. 1. Underline the talking vowels and mark them with a (v). 2. Swoop between the vowels and pull down the consonants between the vowels. 3. Cut the word according to the pattern. 4. Check the position of the vowel in each syllable and mark the vowel. 5. Read the word a syllable at a time and blend the syllables together. EXAMPLE combat LET’S PRACTICE! picnic attic fantastic frantic Atlantic drastic HOW DO WE SYLLABICATE VCCV? pic/nic at/tic fan/tas/tic fran/tic At/lan/tic dras/tic SYLLABLE TYPE: OPEN SYLLABLE TYPE: OPEN An open syllable is a syllable that ends in a long vowel sound spelled with a single vowel letter. Sample words with open syllables me no she i / dol ri / val ti / tle We mark a long vowel sound with a macron ¯ EXAMPLE: she WHICH ARE OPEN SYLLABLES? USE A MACRON (¯) TO MARK THE OPEN SYLLABLES. ro me eam pro strupe eng du si hupe OPEN SYLLABLES ro me eam pro strupe eng du si hupe CUTTING PATTERN: VCV VCV The vcv pattern is often divided after the first vowel. It can also divide after the consonant. 1. Underline the talking vowels and mark them with a (v). 2. Swoop between the vowels and pull down the consonant between the vowels. 3. Cut the word according to the pattern, place a dotted line after the first vowel. 4. Check the position of the vowel in each syllable and mark the vowel. 5. Read the word a syllable at a time and blend the syllables together, adjust if necessary. VCV EXAMPLE menu LET’S PRACTICE prevent rapid request acrobat robot lavish HOW DO WE SYLLABICATE VCV? pre/vent rap/id re/quest ac/ro/bat ro/bot lav/ish SYLLABLE TYPE: SILENT E SYLLABLE TYPE: SILENT E A Vowel-Consonant-e syllable includes a vowel immediately followed by one consonant and the silent letter e. Sample words with Vowel-Consonant-e syllables: tune com / plete in / side note / book Vowel-Consonant-e syllables generally have long vowel sounds. To mark the silent e syllable, mark the long vowel with a macron, ¯, and slash the silent e, /. EXAMPLE swipe WHICH ARE SILENT E SYLLABLES? USE A MACRON (¯) TO MARK THE LONG VOWEL AND SLASH (/) THE SILENT E. Also known as the “magic e.” zope bame cupe stoove pake beace throige zine SILENT E zope bame throige cupe stoove zine pake beace SYLLABLE TYPE: RCONTROLLED SYLLABLE TYPE: R-CONTROLLED A vowel -r syllable includes vowels immediately followed by the letter r in the same syllable. ar, or, er, ir, ur Sample words with vowel -r syllables: car / pet mem / ber thir / sty im / port The pronunciation of vowels within vowel -r syllables can be difficult for students. To mark the r-controlled syllable, use a tilde, ~. EXAMPLE: corn WHICH ARE R CONTROLLED SYLLABLES? USE A TILDE (~) TO MARK THE R-CONTROLLED SYLLABLE. nar pert mor fire Cairo fer ur zor sire four irk R-CONTROLLED nar pert mor fire Cairo fer ur zor sire four irk SCHWA-AN ADDED BONUS SCHWA Schwa rules: It makes a syllable weak. It makes the short u sound. It is marked with Examples: label canyon pedal bacon pilot SYLLABLE TYPE: -CLE SYLLABLE TYPE: -CLE A consonant -le syllable ends with a consonant immediately followed by -le. Sample words with consonant -le syllables: lit / tle puz / zle spar / kle mud / dle The pronunciation of consonant -le syllables helps students improve pronunciation and spelling. To syllabicate, count back three from the end and mark. To mark –cle, insert the schwa symbol and slash the silent e (/). EXAMPLE: apple WHICH ARE –CLE SYLLABLES? INSERT THE SCHWA ___ AND SLASH THE SILENT E (/) TO MARK THE -CLE SYLLABLES. stable giggle funnel lettuce wrinkle brittle -CLE stable giggle funnel lettuce wrinkle brittle CUTTING PATTERNS: VCCCV, VCCCCV VCCCV AND VCCCCV The VCCCV and VCCCCV is usually cut after the first consonant. If VCCCV or VCCCCV is in a compound word, divide between the words. 1. Underline the talking vowels and mark them with a (v). 2. Swoop between the vowels and pull down the consonant between the vowels. 3. Cut the word according to the pattern, mark after the first consonant. Adjust if the word is compound and divide between the words. 4. Check the position of the vowel in each syllable and mark the vowel. 5. Read the word a syllable at a time and blend the syllables together. EXAMPLE hundred LET’S PRACTICE: comprehend landslide construct pilgrim instrument subtract VCCCV/VCCCCV com/pre/hend in/fre/quent con/tract pil/grim com/press sub/tract SYLLABLE TYPE: VOWEL TEAMS SYLLABLE TYPE: VOWEL TEAMS A vowel team has two vowels. In a vowel team, only one vowel speaks. Four of the five vowels have vowel teams. The vowel u does not team. Each vowel has a certain number of teams. The pronunciation of vowels within vowel team syllables is usually long. To mark a vowel team, underline the team, and mark the talking long vowel with a macron. Sample words with vowel team syllables: boat hay re / main fel / low VOWEL TEAMS BY THE NUMBERS 1. 2. 3. 4. i: a: o: e: -ie ai oa ee -ay -ow ea -oe ie -ey VOWEL TEAMS play VOWEL TEAMS UNDERLINE THE VOWEL TEAMS AND MARK WITH TALKING VOWEL WITH A MACRON. eat stow dume cho oac pray WHICH ARE VOWEL TEAM SYLLABLES? eat stow dume cho oac pray CUTTING PATTERN: VV VV Divide VV pattern between the two vowels. 1. Underline the talking vowels and mark them with a (v). 2. Swoop between the vowels and pull down the consonant between the vowels. 3. Cut the word according to the pattern, between the vowels. 4. Check the position of the vowel in each syllable and mark the vowel. 5. Read the word a syllable at a time and blend the syllables together. EXAMPLE: neon LET’S PRACTICE memorize mayor crayon rodeo VV mem/or/ize may/or cray/on ro/de/o SYLLABLE TYPE: VOWEL DIPTHONG SYLLABLE TYPE: VOWEL DIPHTHONGS A dipthong has two vowels. There are five dipthong sounds. The vowel sounds are unique. The sign used to represent the dipthong vowel sound is an oval ( )above the vowels. Sample words with vowel dipthongs: laundry shower wool coins EXAMPLE: boil VOWEL DIPTHONGS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. oi, -oy -aw, au oo (boo), -ew, -ue, ui ow, ou oo (look) VOWEL DIPTHONGS UNDERLINE THE VOWEL DIPTHONGS AND MARK THEM WITH AN OVAL. cook feet turmoil rowing kangaroo failing VOWEL DIPTHONGS cook turmoil kangaroo feet rowing failing CLASSROOM APPLICATION HOW DO I USE THESE TECHNIQUES IN MY CLASSROOM? Integrate your knowledge of the seven syllable types and five cutting patterns into your daily phonics mini-lesson to explicitly teach decoding and encoding rules. Apply syllabication rules to spelling words, robust vocabulary words, and any vocabulary words that are actively being used in the classroom. Incorporate decodable text into partner reading, so students have a chance to apply taught syllabication skills. Include syllable work in a word study center. PHONICS MINI-LESSONS MINI LESSON (8-10 MINUTES) 1 minute review of previously taught sounds 2 minutes to introduce/review weekly skill 3 minutes to practice decoding of weekly skill 3 minutes to practice encoding of weekly skill MINI-LESSON DEMO Grade 3 Lesson 8 Dipthongs: ou, ow, oi, oy DIPTHONG RULES A dipthong has two vowels. There are five dipthong sounds. The vowel sounds are unique. The sign used to represent the dipthong vowel sound is an oval ( )above the vowels. OI, -OY DIPTHONG oi= middle of word -oy=end of word soil ploy enjoy noise point boy joint soy SPELLING ANCHOR CHARTS AND REFERENCE SHEETS ANCHOR CHARTS MORE ANCHOR CHARTS… REFERENCE SHEETS WORD WORK WORD HUNTS Students hunt for a specific syllable type or cutting pattern in text and record the words. WORD SORTS-WORDS THEIR WAY 1. 2. Provide students with a list of words. Have students sort words according to syllable pattern or rule. -ow ow ou row snow owl growl out found RESOURCES FOR GAMES Florida Center for Reading Research Grades 2 and 3: • Grades 4 and 5: • o http://www.fcrr.org/curriculum/PDF/G2-3/2-3Phonics_4.pdf http://www.fcrr.org/curriculum/PDF/G4-5/45APPartTwo.pdf Words Their Way: Word Study for Phonics, Vocabulary, and Spelling Instruction Chapter 6: Word Study for Transitional Leaners in the Within Word Pattern Stage • Chapter 7: Word Study for Intermediate Readers and Writers: The Syllables and Affixes Stage •