Transcript Integumentary System - Catawba County Schools

Unit D: Integumentary
System
Explain the structure of the integumentary system.
Analyze the function of the integumentary system
Discuss characteristics and treatment of common skin
disorders
• Skin = Integument =
Cutaneous
Membrane
• The name comes
from the Latin
integumentum,
which means "to
cover".
The skin is a membrane, organ and
system, because…
• Membrane= it covers the body
• Organ= contains several kinds of tissues
• System=has organs and other parts that
work together to perform particular
functions
Bell
• Look over Suffixes a, ac,al-megaly
Bell/payday
• List 4 of the 7 functions of the
Integumentary system
• DO NOT touch any of the food and DO
NOT lick your spoon!
Bellringer/payday…
• 3,2,1…
• List 3 layers of the skin
• List 2 functions of the Integumentary
System
• One question?
• Reminder...Items needed to make skin!
• Protective covering
– Intact skin is best protection
Skin is generally too dry for microbial growth
Most skin bacteria is associated with hair follicles or sweat
glands
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Regulates body temperature
Manufactures Vitamin D
Sensory perception
Temporary storage of fat, glucose, water and salts
Screens out harmful ultraviolet radiation
Absorbs certain drugs
• 2 basic layers
• Epidermis:
Outermost covering
Epithelial cells
Avascular
• Dermis:
True skin
Connective tissue
Vascular
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2 (of 3) epidermal layers are:
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Stratum corneum
Stratum germinativum
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STRATUM
CORNEUM
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Outermost layer of the three epidermals
In cells, cytoplasm replaced by KERATIN
– making them waterproof.
Flat and scale-like cells that flake off
First line of defense against surface
bacteria
Thickest on palms of hands, soles of feet
• STRATUM
GERMINATIVUM
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Innermost epidermal layer
Reproductive layer – cells form and push
their way up, become keratinized, and
replace the top layer
Contains MELANOCYTES – cells that
contain a pigment =Melanin…………
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MELANIN
 Black, brown, or has a yellow tint –
depending on racial origin
 The more melanin, the darker the skin
 Caucasians don’t have much melanin
in their melanocytes.
 Freckles = patches of melanin
 Albinism = no melanin
Tanning
• Sunlight stimulates
melanocytes to
make more melanin
• Tanning produced
by UV rays.
• Prolonged exposure
may lead to skin
cancer!
• Almost every time you touch something, you leave a
fingerprint. Our hands are covered with sweat
pores. Sweat is often mixed with other body oils and dirt
and when you touch something with your fingers, the oils
and dirt on your skin stick to the surface of the object
leaving an imprint of your fingertips. Prints that you can
see with the naked eye are called visible prints. Invisible
prints are called latent prints. Most fingerprints are latent
prints. A third type of print is a plastic print. It is a print
that leaves an impression on objects such as soap or
clay. A forensic scientist is interested in fingerprints as a
means of identification to help solve crimes.
• Ridges in stratum germinativum
• that arise from dermis
• Create permanent ridges in fingers, palms
and soles of feet
• These “friction ridges” help with grip
• Cause “fingerprints”
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ACTIVITY!
Lip Prints
• Thicker inner layer that
contains:
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Connective tissue
• Blood vessels
• Nerve endings
• Muscles
• Hair follicles
• Oil and sweat glands
• Fat cells
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• Sensory nerves – heat, cold, touch,
pain and pressure
– Touch receptors- close to the surface
– Pressure receptors- are deeper
• Lies under the
dermis (not really
part of
integumentary
system)
• Made up of loose
connective tissue
• Contains half of the
body’s stored fat
Appendages of the Skin
• Hair
• Nails
• SWEAT GLANDS
HAIR
• Almost everywhere on
the body
• Length, thickness, type
and color varies
• Outer layer = CORTEX
• Inner layer = MEDULLA
• Part under the skin =
ROOT
• Part outside the skin =
SHAFT
• FOLLICLE = pocket in
epidermis, hair inside
• PAPILLA = tuft of tissue
in root, contains
capillaries
ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLE
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ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLE = smooth
muscle attached to follicle. How
does this muscle cause goose
bumps?
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A small fan-shaped smooth muscle
located at the base of each hair that
contracts when the body surface is
chilled or stimulated thus erecting
the hair, compressing the oil gland
above each muscle, and producing
the appearance of goose bumps.
The muscle gives support to the
hair follicle and direction to the hair
shaft. The Arrector Pili Muscle is
what makes your hair stand on end
when you're frightened or excited.
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1. Epidermis 2. Dermis3. Eptihelial
Cells4. Sweat Gland5. Sweat Pore6.
Hair Bulb7. Hair Papilla8. Connective
Tissue 9. Arrector Pili10. Sebaceous
Gland11. Hair12. Epithelial Follicle13.
Straum Corneum
Bell
• List at least 5 features/components of
Dermis
Shaving=thicker hair???
• You've probably heard that if you shave
hair, it will grow back coarser, darker,
thicker, and/or faster. This is an urban
legend, and you should ignore others who
try to tell you that it's true. Shaving the hair
will never result in coarser hair, but many
people suggest that, as it starts to grow
back, the hair feels more coarse or stubbly.
• Nail is formed in the
nail bed or MATRIX
• Epidermal cells
fused together and
fill with keratin
• Perspiration is 99% water
• SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS
• Distributed over the entire
skin surface
• Large numbers under the
arms, palms of hands, soles
of feet and forehead
• Duct extends to form a pore
in the skin, perspiration
excreted through the pores
• May be activated by heat,
pain, fever and nervousness
• Average fluid loss is 500 ml
per day
Where is the Axilla???
• ….armpit!!!
• Secret oil (SEBUM) that protects and
lubricates the skin
Label the skin…..
• Using the “new Skin”, you should use you
text!
• Intact skin = best protection against
pathogens, toxins and water loss
• Skin generally too dry for microbial
growth – they do grow in moist areas
• Most skin bacteria associated with hair
follicles or sweat glands
• Underarm perspiration odor caused by
bacteria and perspiration
Assignment….
• Make sure to Complete the worksheet:
Matching Anatomy (it’s in your pkt)
• NEW: A touching Experience
• Juniors: your applications forAHII and
all attachments are due Wed. Feb 23
Bell…
• Get out your homework assignment…A
Touching Experience
• Complete ‘matching’ from pkt
• If you need more recommendations…they
are on table bellow
Skin Recipe
• Fill the bottom of a clear, plastic cup with Corn Puffs
Cereal or yellow jello.
• Add red jello on top of the Corn Puffs (or yellow
jello).The red jello represents the dermis.
• Using the following ingredients, place them appropriately
in the red jello according to to their actual placement in
the dermis.
• M & M Peanuts represent the sebaceous glands.
• Grapes represent the sudoriferous glands.
• Spread a layer of whipped cream (thickness) on top to
represent the stratum germinativum. Remember to
check the thickness.
• You may use cocoa to add melanin to your “skin” color.
• Sprinkle a fine coating of crushed up Corn Flakes on top
of the whipped cream to represent the stratum corneum.
• Insert a licorice stick (hair) through the whipped cream
into the dermis.
Now answer the following
questions about this activity.
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1) Why was yellow jello or Corn Puff Cereal used to represent the subcutaneous layer?
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2) Why is the subcutaneous layer a desirable site for some injections?
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3) Explain why the red jello was used to represent the dermis.
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4) Which is the deepest layer of the integumentary system?
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5) The licorice represents the hair shaft. Explain why you pushed it through the whipped
cream and jello:
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6) Which glands are the most numerous? ______________________________________
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7) In what layer are sebaceous glands located?________________What is their
function?_____________________________________________________________
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8) Using the characteristics of the epidermis, why was whipped cream a better
representation than the red jello? ______________________________________
PayDay/Bellringer
• Each of you are to create a Quiz for all
remaining word roots
• Sink side Fill in the blank
• Middle T/F
• Computer side Matching
Payday!
• Using NC Health Careers book
• Explore Cytotechnologist , Histologic
Technologist/Technician, Pathologist
– Brief description of what they do
– How much education?
• -Where can you go to school?
• Who provides your certification?
-What is the work environment?
How much $ can you make?
Payday!
• Complete the worksheets on your
desk/table. With a PENCIL…Do the
labeling WITHOUT your book.
• (This is the one that will be used for the
test, toss out the old one!)
What’s In Skin
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Wait for Instructions!
Label hair Shaft
Re-name Sweat Gland
Label Adipose/fat cells
Blood vessel
Sebaceous gland
Nerve fiber
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous tissue
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ACNE
Common and chronic disorder of sebaceous glands
Sebum plugs pores area fills with leukocytes
Also – blackheads, cysts, pimples and scarring
ATHLETE’S FOOT
Contagious fungal infection
Usually contracted in public baths and showers
Rx – antifungal agents
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DERMATITIS
Non-specific inflammation of skin
Can be rash – reaction to soap, plants, etc.
Can be emotional – stress can cause skin
blotches
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GENITAL HERPES
Viral
Blister in genital area
Spread through sexual contact
Periods of remission and exacerbation
Rx – Acyclovir
Can be passed to newborn during vaginal delivery
Disorders cont…
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BULLA – large blister
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MACULE – freckle, petechia
SKIN LESIONS
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NODULE - wart
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PAPULE – elevated nevus
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PUSTULE - acne
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ULCER – venous stasis
ulcer (superficial or decubitus)
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TUMOR – benign epidermal
tumor, basal cell carcinoma
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VESICLE – chickenpox,
herpes simplex
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WHEAL – hives, insect bites
• Terms
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• ALBINISM – absence of
melanin
• ALOPECIA – baldness
• EXCORIATION abrasion
• PRURITIS – itching
• URTICARIA - hives
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Handwashing
Bell
• What is the most common cause of Skin
Cancer?
Skin Cancer
Associated with exposure to sun (UV rays)
Most common type of cancer in people
MALIGNANT MELANOMA
Occurs in melanocytes
Metastasizes to other areas quickly
Appears as brown or black irregular patch that occurs suddenly
A change in an existing wart or mole may indicate melanoma
Rx – surgical removal of melanoma and
surrounding area and chemotherapy
…delmar disc
Assignment
• Textbook pages 88-89 Complete
Completion
Skin Disorder Rubric
• (20) Description of the disorder/disease
including Signs and Symptoms
• (20)Etiology/Cause
• (20)Population/Who does it effect
• (20)Treatments
• (20)Prognosis/outcome
• No less than ½ page
• DO NOT COPY AND PASTE. Must be written in
your own words!
• Copy down this info ASAP…move to lab 111
Bellringer/payday…
• Write down three facts you know about
burns
BURNS
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Caused by radiation, sun, boiling water, chemicals, fire or
electricity
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FIRST DEGREE
(see page 84 in text)
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Superficial
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Skin red and dry
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Involves only epidermis
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Rx – cold water
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Healing within one week
SECOND DEGREE
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Epidermis and dermis
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Pain, swelling, redness and blistering
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Skin may be exposed to infection
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Rx – pain medication, dry sterile dressing
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Healing within 2 weeks
THIRD DEGREE
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Epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layers
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Symptoms – loss of skin, blackened skin (ESCHAR)
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May be life threatening
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Rx – prevention of infection and contracture, fluid replacement, skin graft
RULE OF NINES
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– Measures percent of body
burned. Body divided into 11 area,
each is 9% of body surface.
• Complete worksheet, Rule of nines
Assignment
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Workbook page 52 and 53
I and L
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Word bank for labeling:
Hair shaft
Sweat pore
Stratum Germinativum
Epidermis
Subcutaneous
Dermal Papilla
Sebaceous gland
Dermis
Stratum Cornium
Sudoriferus Gland
Hair Follicle
papillae
Today's activities…REVIEW
• Place your Essay in the blue divider
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Textbook page 88: Review questions 1-5
Textbook pages 88-89 Completion 1-10
Workbook 51-52 I and G only
Using disc from test-do activities from “Chapter
5”
• Look up answers for mult choice portion of test
• Pick up labeling portion-complete in pencil, bring
to be to check!
Bell…
• Complete “Guess the Fib”
• (you can write out True or False if Fact or
Fiction throws you off)
• You will have until 1:40 to complete, write
your name on the outside of your
packet…put in blue binder
Bell
• True or False….The skin is an organ,
membrane and a system
• Write out you justification for your answer
True because…
• Membrane= it covers the body
• Organ= contains several kinds of tissues
• System=has organs and other parts that
work together to perform particular
functions
Guess the fib