Transcript ACG PowerPoint

Abnormal Cellular
Growth and Development
To detail and describe the major abnormal tissue growths
in the body.
To connect the structure and function of the
ABNORMAL to the NORMAL.
To continue to demonstrate the 3Is as they apply to the
human body.
Human Biology
What do we know so far?
 Proper
function of the human
body is dependent on a hierarchy
of components.
Molecules
Cells
Tissues
Systems
The Systems of the body
divide the tasks
 Integumentary
 Circulatory
 Respiratory
 Endocrine
 Reproductive
 Digestive
 Excretory
 Lymphatic
 Immune
 Muscular
 Skeletal
Through Negative Feedback
http://tidepool.st.usm.edu/pix/servomechanismcomponents.gif
Systems are composed of…

The 5 primary tissue types:
 Connective Tissue: Binding and support
 Epithelium: Linings and Coverings
 Nervous: Impulse Transmission
 Muscle: Movement
 Blood: Specialized connective tissue
 Transport, fight infection, clotting
Cellular changes will affect the
organs, and thus the systems
Aplasia
Hypoplasia
Atrophy
Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
Anaplasia
APLASIA
 Tissue
is absent, as it was never
formed during prenatal
development
Congenital
 Examples?
Missing parts…finger, kidney, ear
www.dent.niigata-u.ac.jp/.../ malocc/APLASIA.html
Hypoplasia
Underdeveloped
Organ;
Smaller than normal.
Congenital, too.
Examples?
Again, arm, head, kidney.
http://www.humpath.com/IMG/jpg/limb_hypoplasia_0411.jpg
Limb Hypoplasia in a fetal human
Thought Question…
 How
are the two prior ACG’s
similar? How are they different?
 What is the “Structure and
Function” link here?
Atrophy
 Condition
that will decrease the size of
an organ
 Physiological
The aging process
 Pathological
Inactivity or constraint
Arm, Leg Cast
www.theshrivers.us/.../ CalfAtrophy.htm
Riboflavin deficiency (Vitamin B2)
www.dentistry.leeds.ac.uk/. ../oral_symptoms.htm
Hypertrophy
 Increase
in tissue size due to
volumetric increase.
Muscle, Nerve
www.telemedicine.org/ dm/fh.htm
Renal
Compensatory
Hypertrophy
www.e-radiography.net/ ibase5/Renal/index2.htm
www.eatonhand.com/ img/14385.htm
Scar Hypertrophy – see
the increase of scar
Hyperplasia
 Increase
in size due to the addition
of new cells
Benign tumors
Growth of a single mass of
cells in a tissue. Not cancerous,
but can cause mechanical
damage
Hyperplasia examples






Papilloma – epithelial growths that project up
and out (warts)
Adenoma – epithelial – on or about glands.
Lipoma – connective growths; fatty tissues
Osteoma – connective growths; bone
Myoma – muscle growths
Angioma – growths in small blood vessels
Hemangioma
ades.tmu.edu.tw/.../ small/Hemangioma.html
VERRUCA VULGARIS - WART
https:/.../equad/ssl-dir/ content.html?bild=006
Pharyngeal Lymphoid
Hyperplasia
www.angelfire.com/ nc/neurosurgery/GGOst.htm
Craniofacial
Osteoma
Osteoma
www.medwave.cl/.../ Tumores/Septiembre2003/2.act
Lewandowsky-Lutz dysplasia (Epidermodysplasia verruciformis) –
rare skin disease. Can lead to cancer. Viral in origin…know any
other viruses that can contribute to cancers?
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/17921/17921h/images/fig100.jpg
http://www.pathguy.com/lectures
/hornlad2.jpg
Sometimes hyperplastic conditions are
quite rare and unusual in presentation.
Feedback loops
can get
interrupted, as in
this case…lack of
iodine causes
thyroid to
increase in size
(hypertrophy and
hyperplasia)
The result can be
a goiter.
Often prevalent
in areas with a
lack of iodine in
the diet. This is
the reason that
iodine is added
to foods (like
salt).
Thought Question
 Hypertrophy
and Hyperplasia
are both abnormal growth
conditions in which things seem
to get “bigger.” Yet, they don’t
get bigger in the same way.
Explain.
ANAPLASIA



Growth alteration in cells that lead to malignancy.
Lots of variation in size, shape, and structure.
Examples?
 Malignant tumors that metastasize and cause
death.
 Sarcomas – Spread by blood stream.
Connective. Fast moving and found
everywhere in body.
 Carcinomas – Epithelial; spread by lymphatic
system.
 Stomach, breast, urinary tract, skin, uterus
Kaposi’s
Sarcoma
pathcuric1.swmed.edu/ PathDemo/IND5/IND5140.HTM
Soft tissue sarcoma of thigh - infiltrating muscle
radiology.uchc.edu/ eAtlas/Bone/409.htm
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
dermatology.cdlib.org/. ../horn/horn2.html
podiatry.temple.edu/ 2006/FPP/Skin/
Basal Cell
Carcinoma
Basal Cell
Carcinoma
comdisorders.cmsu.edu/.../ Images/HM%20Images.htm
Oral
Carcinoma
www.virtual.unal.edu.co/. ../cap537th.html
Thought Question:
Does
Anaplasia start out as
Anaplasia? In other words,
can there be a progression?