Transcript integumentary powerpoint

Integumentary
System
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

FUNCTIONS OF THE
SKIN
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PROTECTION
TEMPERATURE
REGULATED
SENSORY PERCEPTION
CHEMICAL
SYNTHESIZING
EXCRETION OF
SECRETIONS
SKIN
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Two Layers
 Epidermis: Replaced ≈ every 35 to 45 days
 Avascular
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THICK SKIN
THIN SKIN
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Dermis: Ridges: Create a unique pattern of finger, palm,
and footprints; Facilitate the ability to grip and hold
objects
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Subcutaneous tissue: Skin attached to muscle, bone;
Connective tissue, fat cells
 Melanin gives the skin its color
CANCERS
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Basal cell carcinoma affects cells in the stratum
basale.
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Squamous cell carcinoma occurs in the second
stratum (stratum spinosum) of the epidermis.
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Malignant melanoma is the most dangerous type of
skin cancer.
CANCERS
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Malignant melanomas can be differentiated
from normal moles with the ABCD rule.
A = Asymmetry
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B = Border irregularity
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Borders of mole are not smooth
C = Color
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Two sides of pigmented mole do not match
Different colors in pigmented area
D = Diameter
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Spot is larger then 6 mm in diameter
QUESTION
Is the following statement true or false?
One of the primary functions of the skin is to prevent
dehydration?
ANSWER
True.
One of the primary functions of the skin is to regulate
body heat to help prevent dehydration.
ACCESSORY STRUCTURES
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Hair, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat
glands, and nails are all considered accessory
structures.
 Each
 All
is located in the dermis.
project through the skin surface
HAIR
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Originates in hair follicle in dermis
Vellus hair; Terminal hair
Keratin + amino acids = hair
Scalp hair grows most rapidly
Hair growth slows by midlife
Decreased melanin production causes graying hair
SEBACEOUS, SWEAT GLANDS
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Connected to each hair follicle
Sebaceous -- Secrete sebum (oily substance)
More active during puberty
Sudoriferous -- Sweat Glands
 Eccrine glands
 Apocrine glands
QUESTION
Is the following statement true or false?
Apocrine glands secrete fluid during perspiration.
ANSWER
True.
Apocrine glands secrete fluid during perspiration. They also
secrete a substance in the external ear canals called
cerumen. In animals, apocrine glands secrete
pheromones.
FINGER, TOENAILS
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Nails
 Hard keratin; Protective function; Nail root
 Abundant capillary blood supply; Lunula
PRESSURE SORE STAGING
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Pressure Sore Staging
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Stage I: Redness
Stage II: Blistering or skin tear
Stage III: Shallow crater with
drainage
Stage IV: Deep ulcerated tissue;
Exposed muscle and bone; Sepsis
PRESSURE SORES
CAUSES OF
 S/S OF
 PRESSURE POINTS
 PREVENTION OF
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INTEGUMENTARY ASSESSMENTS
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Scalp, Hair Assessment
 Skin:
Smooth; Intact; Free of lesions
 Assess: Color, texture, and distribution
 Abnormal findings: Nits or lice; Scales, flaking
skin
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Nail Assessment
 Check
for normal structure
 Assess: Change in shape or thickness; Color
of nailbed; Capillary refill time
WHAT IS UNDER YOUR SKIN OR UNDER
YOUR NAILS??????