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Body Membranes & Skin
Epithelial Membranes
3
Types
Cutaneous
Mucous
Serous
Cutaneous Membrane
SKIN!
Exposed
to air
and is a dry
membrane
Integumentary System
Made
up of skin
and its
components such
as sweat, oil,
glands, hair, &
nails.
Functions of the
Integumentary System
Protection
Regulate
Body Temperature
Insulates & Cushions
Makes Vitamin D
Prevents Water Loss
Structure of Integumentary
System
2
Types of tissues:
Stratified
Squamous (epidermis)
Dense Connective Tissue (dermis)
Blister:
Forms when the epidermis
and dermis separate from each other.
Subcutaneous Tissue: Adipose
tissue deep to the dermis. Serve as a
shock absorber & insulates deeper
tissue.
Formation of a Blister
Epidermis
Avascular
(Men can shave skin layers
daily and not bleed!)
5 Layers (Deep Superficial)
1. Stratum germinativum (basale)
2. Stratum spinosum
3. Stratum granulosum
4. Stratum lucidum
5. Stratum corneum (Thickest layer)
Epidermis still…..
Melanin:
Pigment
which ranges in
color from yellow to
brown to black.
Produced
by cells
called
melanocytes.
Found in the
Stratum
germinativum.
Dermis
Papillary
Upper
dermal region
Have dermal papillae
Fingerprints
Reticular
Deepest skin layer
Contains blood vessels,
sweat & oil glands
Red face after running?
Blood
vessels
become engorged
and move to the
surface of the skin
to cool off and
regulate body
temperature.
Skin Color
3
Pigments contribute to skin color:
Amount of Melanin: (yellow, red,
brown, black…)
Amount of Carotene: (orange,
yellow)
Amount of Oxygen in
hemoglobin
More Skin Color…
Erythema:
Blushing
Blanching: Pale Ghost (Vasorestriction)
Jaundice: Yellowing of Skin
Hematoma: Bruise
Hair, Nails, & Burns
Hair Structure
Hair Bulb
Root
Medulla: inner central
core
Cortex: surrounds
medulla
Shaft: projects from the
skin
Cuticle: outermost layer;
covers cortex)
Arrector Pili: Muscle that
is attached to hair follicle
(goosebumps)
Hair Types
Wavy Hair: Hair
shaft is OVAL
Curly/Kinky Hair:
Hair shaft is FLAT
or RIBBON-LIKE
Straight Hair: Hair
shaft is perfectly
ROUND
Nail Structure
Free
Edge
Nail Plate (top)
Nail Bed (underside)
Lunula
Nail Fold (Cuticle)
Nail Matrix
Burns
Rule of Nines: Divides the body into 11
areas each accounting for 9% of total body
surface.
Head = 9%
Chest and abdomen = 18%
Upper/mid/low back and buttocks =
18%
Each arm = 9%
Groin = 1%
Each leg = 18%
As an example, if both legs (18% x
2 = 36%), the groin (1%), and
the chest and abdomen (18%)
were burned, this would involve
55% of the body.
Burns
Burns
are serious because victims lose
fluids and this affects all body systems.
Skin
is sterile for 24 hours after a
severe burn, but after that bacteria and
fungi begin to invade.
st
1
Degree Burns
Only
the epidermis is
damaged
Area is red & swollen
Usually heals within 23 days
Ex. Sun burns
nd
2
Degree Burns
Involves
injury to the
epidermis & upper
dermis region
Skin is red with painful
blisters
Regeneration of the
epithelium can occur
Usually no permanent
damage
rd
3
Degree Burns
Destroys
the entire
thickness of skin
Burned area
appears blanched
(gray/white)
Not painful b/c
nerve endings are
destroyed
Regeneration is
not possible (skin
graphing)