Transcript STI`s - Cloudfront.net

STI’s
Sexually Transmitted
Infections
http://kildare.ie/outreach/images/side-image-sex.jpg
What are STI’s?
 Infections that are
commonly passed from one
partner to another through
some form of sexual activity
 They are more commonly
known as sexually transmitted
diseases (STD’s), and up until
~1990 were known as venereal
diseases
How are STI’s contracted?
Two Common Ways:
1.
Contact of infected
semen or vaginal fluids
to mucosal surfaces
(e.g., the male urethra,
the vagina or cervix)
Examples include: Human
immunodeficiency virus
(HIV), gonorrhea,
chlamydia, and
trichomoniasis
2.
Contact with infected
skin or mucosal surfaces
Examples include: genital herpes,
syphilis, chancroid, and
human papillomavirus
http://www.cec.gov/nchstp/od/latex.htm
In other words… you can get
an STI simply by touching
infected skin!
Here’s a popular crew of STI’s to
stay away from…
 Chlamydia
 Crabs
 Gonorrhea
 Herpes
 HPV
 Trichomoniasis
 Syphilis
Now let’s meet some of these not-so-friendly STI’s!
Hi… I’m Chlamydia
http://www.checkyoself.20m.com/photo5.html
 I’m a curable infection caused by
the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis.
biology.kenyon.edu/.../ chlamydia/chlamydia.jpg
 You can catch me during vaginal, anal, and even oral sex!
 Sometimes, you won’t even know I’ve arrived; most women
and men don’t experience symptoms, and if they do, they
usually occur 1 to 3 weeks afterwards.
Hi… I’m Chlamydia (cont.)
 You can find me by means of a urine test or by taking a
specimen from the infected area.
 If you don’t get rid of me, I can cause
some major complications, including
infertility.
www.euromed.uk.com/ images/chlamydia.jpg
 I can be transmitted even if the penis or tongue does not
enter the vagina, mouth, or rectum. Your best bet for
avoiding me, if you’re sexually active, is to use a
condom…correctly!
http://www.ashastd.org/learn/learn_chlamydia_facts.cfm
Hello there, we’re the crabs!
www.phobros.com/ tim/pictures/crabs11.gif
 We, the crabs (aka pubic lice), are small parasites that feed
on human blood.
 You can find us on pubic hair, or wherever you have coarse
hair (i.e., armpits, eyelashes, and facial hair). We’re not too
fond of head hair though.
We crawl from the pubic hair
of one person to another…we
don’t require penetration or
exchange of body fluids to be
transmitted.
http://www.becomehealthynow.com/conditions/images/lice.jpg
Hello there, we’re the crabs!
(cont.)
http://herpes-coldsores.com/std/pubic_lice_pictures.htm
Once we leave our human host, we can live
for 24 hours, so we can crawl on you from
infested bedding or clothing.
 If we make you our host, you’ll be very itchy.
 The only way to avoid us is to avoid
contact with infested people, bed linens,
clothing, and furniture.
Latex condoms don’t work on us… haha!
http://www.ashastd.org/learn/learn_crabs_facts.cfm
Meet Gonorrhea
 I’m also a curable infection caused by the bacteria Neisseria
gonorrhoea.
 I’m transmitted during vaginal, anal, and oral sex.
 Many men infected with gonorrhea show symptoms; most
women don’t.
 In men, symptoms usually appear within
a possible range of 1 to 30 days.
Meet Gonorrhea (cont.)
 Since symptoms may not be present, the only
way to know if one has contracted me is to be
tested, either by a urine test or by taking a
specimen from the infected area.
http://www.mindfully.org/Farm/Green-Revolution-Gonorrhea.jpg
I can be transmitted even if the penis
or tongue does not enter the vagina,
mouth or rectum. Latex condoms are a
good thing to use to avoid me.
http://www.ashastd.org/learn/learn_gonnorhea_fact.cfm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonorrhea
And Herpes…
http://www.dermatology.svhm.org.au/Primary%20School/Graphics/herpes%202.jpg
http://www.nature.com/news/2001/010906/images/virus1_160.jpg
I’m an infection caused by the herpes simplex
virus.
I’m estimated to be present in 50 to 60 percent
of the American population.
 Symptoms include areas of red and sensitive
skin where blisters and bumps may soon appear.
After the blisters open, they then heal as new skin
tissue forms.
 Once you have me, you can’t get rid of me.
http://www.microbes-edu.org/etudiant/imgderm/45-herpes-genital-1.jpg
And, of course, HPV…
 I, the human papillomavirus, have more than 100 different
strains. More than 30 of these are sexually transmitted and
can affect the genitals of both men and women.
http://www.cdcnpin.org/images/HPV.jpg
 Most infected individuals will not have any symptoms and
will clear the infection on their own.
 A BIG problem with me is that I may lead to cancer of the
cervix, vulva, vagina, anus, or penis.
HPV (cont.)
 Most people infected by me don’t
even know it. I live in the skin or
mucous membranes and usually
cause no symptoms. Some people
do get visible warts, however.
 Most women are diagnosed with
HPV on the basis of abnormal Pap
tests.
Unfortunately for you, no
A Pap test is the primary
HPV tests are available for
cancer-screening tool for
men.
cervical cancer.
There is no “cure” for me.
http://www.inca.gov.br/cancer/imagens/hpv_fig2.jpg
http://www.cdc.gov/std/HPV/STDFact-HPV.htm
Trichomoniasis
http://www.checkyoself.20m.com/images/
trichomoniasis.jpg
• I am caused by the single-celled protozoan
known as Trichomonas vaginalis.
• Symptoms typically begin anywhere from 5-28
days after I set up shop inside the body.
• Symptoms of my presence include: lower
abdominal pain, yellow-green discharge, painful
urination, and irritation of the genitalia.
Trichomoniasis (cont.)
 I’m so sneaky that often the only way to diagnose me
is through lab tests (in additional to a physical
examination)
http://www.sexually-transmitteddiseases.info/images/std_trichomoniasis.jpg
 However, I am easily defeated by the drug,
metronidazole (given by mouth in a one dose).
 I can contribute to early pregnancy and low-birth
weight when my host gives birth.
Syphilis
http://www.checkyoself.20m.com/image
s/syphilis.jpg
• I begin as a painless sore on the penis/vagina, anus, or
mouth
• I am caused by the bacterium, Treponema pallidum.
• Lucky for me, I can stay inside the body for years
without producing any symptoms that would indicate my
presence.
Syphilis (Cont.)
http://euclid.dne.wvfibernet.net/~jvg/Bio208/
Urogen_pix/syph1_Utex.jpg
 When I do cause symptoms, however, they are
typically in the form of sores, skin rash,
or lesions
 I am able to infect when one person comes into
direct contact with my sores on another person
(primarily through sexual contact).
http://www.emedicine.com/derm/ima
ges/411secondary.jpg
 If I get lucky enough to infect a woman who gets
pregnant, I can even get passed down to the baby.
Syphilis (Cont.)
 I make it easier to transmit and acquire HIV.
 I can be diagnosed by looking at material from one of my sores under a
dark-field microscope, or by a blood test.
http://www.primer.ru/std/gallery_std/images/treponem
a0.JPG
 Antibiotics typically get rid of me (Penicillin being the most commonly
used).
Prevention?
 Practicing abstinence is the
BEST and only truly effective
method of preventing against
sexually transmitted infections.
http://i15.photobucket.com/albums/a3
56/eroque/General_NoCondomNoSe
x.jpg
Prevention (Cont.)
 To significantly lower your risk, you should:
- use a condom EVERY time you have sex
(including anal and oral sex)
http://www.vpul.upenn.edu/ohe/library/Sexhealth/
news/condoms.jpg
- limit your number of sex partners
- have your partner tested for an STI
- look for signs/symptoms of an STI in your
partner
- not have sex with someone still receiving
treatment for an STI
- wash your genitalia with soap and water after
sexual intercourse
Be Smart.
Be Safe.
Be Informed.
References
 http://www.cdc.gov/std/HPV/STDFact-HPV.htm
 http://www.ashastd.org/learn/learn_gonorrhea_fact.
cfm
 http://www.ashastd.org/learn/learn_crabs_facts.cfm
 http://www.ashastd.org/learn/learn_chlamydia_fact
s.cfm
 http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/od/latex.htm
 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Std's
*** Other references can be found throughout the
presentation