Transcript Ch14.Lesson1

Chapter 14, Lesson 1
Guided Reading Activity 50
Healthy Skin, Hair and Nails
1a. Complete the following
questions about the skin.
Your skin produces perspiration in order
to __.
To help keep
your body cool.
1b. Complete the following
questions about the skin.
Skin is the main organ of the –system.
Integumentary system
1c. Complete the following
questions about the skin.
In addition to skin, the integumentary system
includes --,--, and --.
Hair,
nails
and glands
found in
your skin
1d. Complete the following
questions about the skin.
Your skin serves as a physical barrier
between – and --.
the outside world and your internal organs
1e. Complete the following
questions about the skin.
Your skin is the first line of defense
against --.
Pathogens
entering the body.
2. Name and define two layers of
the skin.
• Epidermis:
– Outer thinner layer of
the skin.
– Composed of living
and dead cells.
• Dermis:
– Thicker layer of skin
beneath the
epidermis
– Made up of
connective tissue,
blood vessels and
nerves.
3. Describe the purpose of the
substances listed below, all of which
are produced in the epidermis.
a. Keratin
• Toughens nails
b.Lipids
• Make skin waterproof
• Helps keep balance between water and
electrolytes.
c. Melanin
• Gives skin color
• As well as hair, iris of the eyes.
Describe the function of the
structures listed below, all of
which are found in the dermis.
Connective tissue
• Gives skin its elastic qualities.
Describe the function
of the structures listed
below, all of which are
found in the dermis.
Sebaceous glands
– Produce sebum
– An oily substance
which helps keep the
skin and hair from
drying out.
Describe the function
of the structures
listed below, all of
which are found in the
dermis.
Blood vessels
–
–
Supply cells with
oxygenated blood
and nutrients
Facilitates the
removal of cellular
wastes.
Describe the function of
the structures listed
below, all of which are
found in the dermis.
Sweat glands
– Secrete perspiration
– Involved in temperature
regulation
– Body heat is lost as
sweat evaporates
Describe the
function of the
structures listed
below, all of which
are found in the
dermis.
Nerve cells
• Act as receptors
and enable you to
feel sensations
• Tactile corpuscles
sense heat,
pressure, pain,
cold
5. Explain how blood vessels in
the dermis and sweat glands work to
regulate body temperature.
• Blood vessels in the skin dilate when
body temperature rises allowing heat to
escape.
• Blood vessels contract when body
temperature drops to hold the heat.
6a. Explain how ultraviolet radiation
is related to each of the following:
Melanin production is increased when skin
is exposed to UV radiation.
Sunburns
Light skinned people with few
melanocytes will burn.
Suntan
• Darker skinned people with more
melanocytes will tan.
6b. Explain how ultraviolet
radiation is related to Cancer
UV rays damage the genetic material in skin
cells and cause a mutation.
These changes can result in the
development of cancer.
Cancer in the melanocytes is called
melanoma.
6c. Explain how ultraviolet
radiation is related to Wrinkles:
UV radiation breaks down the elastic fibers
that support your skin and allow it to be
flexible.
Resulting in wrinkled or hard and leathery
skin.
7. What are two steps you can
take to protect your skin from
the damaging rays of the sun.
• Always wear sunscreen on exposed
areas of skin.
• Wear protective clothing.
8. What are the
health risks of body
piercing and
tattooing?
• Both result in physical barrier
of the skin being broken.
• Increases probability of
bacteria entering the body.
• Tattooing has additional with
nonsterile needles being used.
9. Why is monitoring the
appearance of moles important?
• May develop into melanoma.
• Monitoring moles is essential to early
detection.
• Maureen Regan
10a. What are four early warning
signs of melanoma?
A = Asymmetry:
melanoma lesions are
typically asymmetrical,
whereas benign moles
are typically round and
symmetrical.
10b. What are four early warning
signs of melanoma?
B = Border:
melanoma lesions
frequently have
uneven or irregular
borders (i.e., ragged or
notched edges),
whereas benign moles
have smooth, even
borders.
10c. What are four early warning
signs of melanoma?
C = Color:
melanoma lesions
often contain
multiple shades of
brown or black,
whereas benign
moles are usually a
single shade of
brown.
10d. What are four early warning
signs of melanoma?
D = Diameter: early
melanoma lesions are
often more than 6 mm in
diameter, whereas
benign moles are
usually less than 6 mm
in diameter.
11. Complete the following
sentences about your hair.
a. A hair follicle is --.
•
Structure that surrounds the root of a
hair
b. Hair helps protect the skin from
exposure to –
•
UV radiation, dust
c. Hair reduces the amount of – lost
through the skin of the scalp.
•
heat
12. What is dandruff?
• The scalp becomes to dry
• Dead skin cells are shed as sticky white
flakes.
13. Answer these questions
about head lice.
a. What are head
lice?
• Tiny parasitic
insects
• Live in the
human scalp
13. Answer these questions about head lice.
b. How are head
lice
transmitted?
• Head to head
contact
c. How can head lice be
eliminated?
Washing hair with
medicated shampoo.
Washing sheets,
pillowcases, combs,
hats.
Other Skin Problems:
What is Acne?
• Hormones cause
the oil glands to
enlarge and
produce excess
sebum, which
provides an
ideal place for
bacteria to grow.
What are Boils?
• They are a
serious
infection and
the bacteria in
them could
spread.
What are Warts?
–Small growths caused by a
virus.
What is Psoriasis?
• Psoriasis
– An ailment in which red
patches appear on the skin,
followed by the skin turning
white and flaking off.
What is Vitiligo?
• A whitish or
pinkish patch
on the skin,
caused by a
localized lack
of melanin.