Transcript EARTH / ENVORONEMENTAL MSL REVIEW

EARTH /
ENVORONEMENTAL
{ MSL REVIEW
Standard 1.1 (11—16%)
Explain the Earth’s role as a body in space.
1.1.1
Explain the Earth’s motion
through space, including
precession, nutation, the
barycenter, and its path about
the galaxy.
What is the nebular theory
of solar system formation?
The gaseous clouds rotate, gradually
collapsing on each other and flattening
due to gravity. More mass creates more
gravity. Over long periods of time, stars
and planets are formed.
Why is Earth considered a
satellite of the Sun?
The earth rotates the sun
in orbit.
What is a galaxy?
A system of millions of stars. All the
components are held together by gravity.
What is Kepler’s first law of
planetary motion?
Kepler’s First Law states that the orbits of
all satellites ellipse with the Sun at two
foci.
Why does the Earth travel
faster when it is nearer the
Sun (at perihelion)?
As Kepler’s second law states, the planet sweep equal
areas. This means the section is thicker, causing the
velocity to be higher. Look at the picture below.
What is precession of Earth’s
motion around the Sun?
Like a rotating top, the direction of the axis slowly
changes. On Earth this takes 26, 000 years.
What is nutation?
This is the rocking or swaying of the axis as
it moves along it’s precession.
What is the barycenter of
two orbiting bodies?
The point between two objects where
their masses balance each other out.
1.1.2
Explain how the Earth’s rotation and
revolution about the Sun affect its
shape and is related to seasons and
tides.
What is the difference
between rotate and revolve?
Rotate is the turning around the objects axis or
center. Revolving is the turning around a center
object.
What does Earth’s rotation
cause?
The experience of Day and Night or light
and dark.
What does the tilt of the
Earth on it axis result in?
Seasons are caused by the tilt. This is the
movement of face of the earth. Check out the
picture below.
How do seasonal changes
occur?
Due to tilt. Moving to where the sun gives more,
or less, direct sunlight.
What does the moon’s
gravitational interaction with
the Earth cause?
Tides of the
oceans.
Why is the equator
circumference larger than the
circumference at the poles?
Due to the gravity and spin force. Remember the
spinning of a pizza dough.
1.1.3
Explain how the sun produces energy which is
transferred to the Earth by radiation.
What is combustion?
The process of burning something. Creates
carbon dioxide and water.
What is the difference between
nuclear fission and fusion?
Fusion is brining together of atom,
fission is the tearing apart.
How do stars produce
radiant energy?
Through fusion of hydrogen
atoms, the excess is released
through light and heat.
What are the
electromagnetic waves?
Transverse waves, moving at a particular wavelength and
amplitude. The wavelength determines the classification.
Use the reference below.
What electromagnetic
waves are filtered by the
earth’s atmosphere?
Gamma rays and
X rays are
filtered. UV Rays
are semi-filtered.
How does energy flow
from the sun to the Earth?
Through the waves of the
electromagnetic spectrum as heat and
light.
1.1.4
Explain how incoming solar
energy makes life possible on
Earth
The tilt of Earth results in
more direct sun rays during
what season in the Northern
Hemisphere?
Summer.
The tilt of Earth results in indirect
sun rays during what season in the
Northern Hemisphere?
Winter.
How does latitude affect
climate?
It determines how much sun exposure there is to
the specific area. The closer to the equator, the
more direct sunlight for more time of the year.
What is differential
heating?
The difference amounts of heat absorbed by
the land and water areas.
Why does Earth’s surface
heat differently with regards
to land and water?
The specific heat of water is relatively high compared to
land elements. The water can hold more heat and it will
release the heat slowly instead of the land which takes in
a lot of heat, but releases it quickly.
How is solar energy converted
to chemical energy during
photosynthesis?
Sunlight, the solar energy, is chemically reacting with
carbon dioxide and water to make the carbohydrates
plants need as well as oxygen.
How does the Earth’s
atmosphere protect the planet
from harmful UV radiation?
The stratosphere holds the ozone layer that
protects us from UV radiation.