Transcript Astronomy and Light

Astronomy and Light
What is Astronomy?
• The study of celestial objects, space and the
physical universe.
Celestial Bodies
• Definition: Any natural
body outside of Earth’s
• Examples: Moon, Sun,
atmosphere. (no
Asteroids, other
satellites or space
Planets and Galaxies.
stations)
VOCAB!
• Rotation- Spinning of a planet on its axis (single day)
• Revolution- Movement of an object around another object
(year)
• Ellipse- Oval shape
• Astronomical Unit- average distance between Earth and
the sun (150,000,000 km)
• Lunar- refers to moon
• Solar- refers to sun
What revolves around what?
Geocentric Model
Heliocentric
• Later astronomers
• Early Astronomers believed
that everything revolved
around Earth, including the
sun.
discovered that Earth
revolves around the sun.
(Early on these
astronomers were arrested
for this belief even with
evidence).
Heliocentric Astronomers
• Copernicus- gave us the
Heliocentric theory (the earth
and planets revolve around sun)
• Galileo- increased our study with
the invention of telescope
• Kepler- planets move in elliptical
orbits, distance and speed of
planets
Other Planets
Inner
Outer
• Mercury, Venus, Earth and
• Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and
Mars
Neptune
– Small
– Large
– Dense
– Not solid surface (gas giants)
– Rocky surface
The Sun
• Our sun is a star.
• It is what provides warmth to our planet and
controls global weather.
The Sun
Layers of the Sun
• Core
• Radioactive Zone
• Convection Zone
• Photosphere
• Chromosphere
• Corona
Layers of the Sun
Features and Solar Events
• Sun Spots- dark, reduced
temperature areas on the sun.
• Flares- large explosion of
magnetic energy.
• Prominences- a bright feature
that extends from the sun’s
surface.
• Solar Winds- continuous flow of
charged particles that go through
the solar system (plasma).
Light
Light from the Sun
See and Feel
Can’t Detect
• Gamma Ray
• Visible Light
– The Rainbow Colors
• Infrared Light
– Radiation heat
• X-Ray
• Ultraviolet Light
• Microwave
• Radio Wave
Eclipses
Space Exploration and NASA
• Our space program is known as NASA: National Aeronautics and
Space Administration.
• It started as a race between the U.S. and Soviet Union
• Soviet Union put up the first satellite (Sputnik) and the first man
(Yuri Gagarin)
• U.S. put the first man on the moon (Neil Armstrong and Buzz
Aldrin)and invented the space shuttle.
• Today several countries work together on the ISS: International
Space Station and we are sending probes to Mars and Venus.
NASA History
• Missions to land on the moon were called the Apollo program and these
ships could only be used once. (Fred Haise from Biloxi, MS was on the
Apollo 13 mission)
• NASA then started making space shuttles which could be used again.
They have been used to go up and fix satellites and carry astronauts to
ISS.
• International Space Station is a long-term station to study space, the
earth, weather and possibilities for living in space. It is funded and
manned by 16 countries. Most of its energy is from solar panels.
Space Tools
•
Telescope
– Curved mirrors used to make object appear closer, limited by weather and conditions
•
Radio Telescope
– Dishes used to collect radio waves which are stronger. Cheaper to make, limited by resolution
of picture.
•
X-ray Telescope
– Can detect x-rays, limited by needing to be outside of Earth’s atmosphere.
•
Cameras
– Used to get high resolution images, first thought up by NASA scientists, but Kodak beat
them to it. Many advances in cameras are credited to NASA including your phone camera.
Space Tools
•
Rover
– Small robotic probes that can move about planets
•
Satellite
– Object that revolves around another object in space
– Geostationary orbit is when a satellite orbits at the same rate as Earth and stays over the
same place on Earth all the time.
•
Space Probes
– Used to gather data of other celestial bodies with photographs or taking soil and rock
samples.
•
Spectro-meters
– Item used to graph wavelength, frequency, energy, momentum and mass.
Mississippi’s Contribution
• Stennis Space CenterNASA
– We build and test
engines for space craft
(including all Apollo
engines and Shuttle
engines)
NASA Spinoffs
•
Disposable Diapers
•
Cordless Tools
•
Velcro
•
Insulin Pump
•
Cell Phones
•
Pacemaker
•
Digital Cameras
•
Ear Thermometer
•
Nerf Gliders
•
Smoke Detector
•
Joystick
•
Water Purifier
•
MRI & CAT Scan
•
Workout Machines
•
Sunglasses
•
Invisible Braces
•
Land Mine Removal
•
Solar Energy
•
Cochlear Implants
•
Artificial Limbs
Videos
• The Moon
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCt1BwWE2gA
• ISS
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-65mBQ7s_Q
• Star Trek
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKH0Ipcc87E