Transcript Solar-System Bianka N

Solar System
Presentation by Nagy Bianka
Planets
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Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Pluto
The Sun
Age: ≈4.6
billion years
Mean distance from Earth: 1.496 x 108 km
Ray: 696.000 km
Surface temperature: 1.57×107 K
Surface area: 12,000 × Earth
Volume: 1.41×1018 km
Mass: 333,000 × Earth
Mercury
Terrestrial planet
Relative position: 1st planet from the
Sun
General composition: Rocky material
Density: 5.43g/cm3
Atmosphere: Almost NO atmosphere.
The very little atmosphere that exists is
composed chiefly of oxygen, sodium,
and helium.
Size: 054 thevolume of the Earth
Planetary satellites(Moons): No
Rotation: 58.65 days
Revolution: 88 days
Temperatures: 467 °C on the sunny
side of the planet. -183 °C on the dark
side of the planet.
Venus
Terrestrial planet
Relative position: 2nd from the Sun
General composition: Rocky material. It
contains an iron core and a molten rocky
mantle.
Density: 5.24 gm/cm3
Atmosphere: Consists mainly of carbon
dioxide, nitrogen, and droplets of sulfuric
acid; it contains almost no water vapor.
Size: 88 the volume of the Earth
Planetary satellites(Moons): No
Rotation: -243 days
Revolution: 225 days
Temperature: 450 °C
Earth
Terrestrial planet
Relative position: 3rd from the Sun
General composition: Rocky material. It has
a nickel-iron core with a molten mantle and
solid rocky crust.
Density: 5.52 gm/cm3
Atmosphere: Mostly oxygen (21%) and
nitrogen (78%). Some argon, carbon dioxide,
and water vapor.
Size: 40,000km around at the equator.
Planetary satellites(Moons): 1-The Moon
Rotation: 23 hours, 56 minutes (1 day)
Revolution: 365.25 days
Temperature: Mean surface 15 °C to 20 °C
Special feature: : sustains life, water exists in
all three states (solid, liquid , and gas)
The Moon
-the Earth’s only natural satellite
-contains no water and has no atmosphere
-it is 384 401 km from the Earth
-it takes 27.32 days to orbit the Earth
once.
-the gravitational pull of the Moon is
responsible for the Earth’s tides.
-its surface is covered with craters and
flat lands. The craters are due to
repeated meteorite bombardments
while the dark, flatlands are the result
of ancient lava flows.
Mars
Relative position: 4th from the Sun
General composition: Rocky metal
Density: 3.94 gm/cm3
Atmosphere: Mostly carbon dioxide,
nitrogen, and argon
Size: 149 times the volume of the Earth
Planetary satellites(Moons): 2 Moons
Rotation: 24 hours 33 minutes
Revolution: 686.67 days
Temperature: -87 °C to -5 °C
Special features: has the largest volcanic
mountain in the solar system, Olympus
Mons(27 km high and 600 km across) and a
gigantic equatorial rift valley, the Valles
Marineris.
Moons of Mars
Phobos
(Fear)
Both Phobos and Deimos
were discovered in 1877 by
American
astronomer
Asaph Hall. The moons
appear to have surface
materials similar to many
asteroids in the outer
asteroid belt, which leads
most scientists to believe
that Phobos and Deimos are
captured asteroids.
Deimos
(Panic)
Jupiter
Relative position: 5th from the Sun
General composition: It is a gas giant,
meaning it is mostly made of gases. Jupiter's
core is probably not solid but a dense, hot
liquid with a consistency like thick soup.
Density: 1.76 gm/cm3
Atmosphere: Mostly hydrogen, helium and
methane
Size: 1316 times the volume of the Earth
Planetary satellites(Moons): 63 moons,
some of them have been named and some
have alphanumeric designations.
Rotation: 9 hours 54 minutes
Revolution: 11.86 Earth years
Temperature: -108°C
Special features: the planet with the highest
gravity in the solar system.
Moons of Jupiter
1.Io
17.Callirrhoe
33.Euanthe
49.Kore
2.Europa
18. Themisto
34.Euporie
50.S/2003 J2
3.Ganymede
19. Megaclite
35.Orthosie
51.S/2003 J3
4.Callisto
20. Taygete
36.Sponde
52.S/2003 J4
5.Amalthea
21.Chaldane
37.Kale
53.S/2000 J11
6.Himalia
22.Harpalyke
38.Pasithee
54.S/2000 J5
7.Elara
23.Kalyke
39.Hegemone
55.S/2003 J9
8.Pasiphae
24.Iocaste
40.Mneme
56.S/2003 J10
9.Sinope
25.Erinome
41.Aoede
57.S/2003 J12
10.Lysithea
26.Isonoe
42.Thelxinoe
58.S/2003 J15
11.Carme
27.Praxidike
43.Arche
59.S/2003 J16
12.Ananke
28.Autonoe
44.Kallichore
60.S/2003 J17
13.Leda
29.Thyone
45.Helike
61.S/2003 J18
14.Thebe
30.Hermippe
46.Carpo
62.S/2003 J19
15.Adrastea
31.Aitne
47.Eukelade
63.S/2003 J23
16.Metis
32.Eurydome
48.Cyllene
Saturn
Relative position: 6th from the Sun
General composition: It is a Gas giant, meaning it
is mostly made of the gases hydrogen and helium.
Density: 70 gm/cm3
Atmosphere: Mostly hydrogen and helium.
Size: 755 times the volume of the Earth
Planetary satellites(Moons): 60 Moons, some have
been named and others have alphanumeric
designations
Rotation: 10 hours 38 minutes
Revolution: 29.45 Earth years
Temperature: -139°C
Special features: Saturn's ring system is the most
extensive and complex in our solar system; it
extends hundreds of thousands of kilometers from
the planet. The rings are mostly water ice with
particles ranging in size from a few micrometers to
several tens of meters.
Moons of Saturn
1.Mimas
16.Kiviuq
31.Narvi
46.Loge
2.Enceladus
17.Atlas
32.Methone
47.Skoll
3.Tethys
18.Prometheus
33.Pallene
48.Surtur
4.Dione
19.Pandora
34.Polydeuces
49.S/2004 S7
5.Rhea
20.Pan
35.Daphnis
50.S/2004 S12
6.Titan
21.Ymir
36.Aegir
51.S/2004 S13
7.Hyperion
22.Paaliaq
37.Bebhionn
52.S/2004 S17
8.Iapetus
23.Tarvos
38.Bergelmir
53.S/2006 S1
9.Erriapus
24.Ijiraq
39.Bestla
54. S/2006 S3
10.Phoebe
25.Suttungr
40.Farbauti
55.Greip
11.Janus
26.Mundilfari
41.Fenrir
56.Jarnsaxa
12.Epimetheus
27.Albiorix
42.Fornjot
57.Tarqeq
13.Helene
28.Skathi
43.Hati
58.S/2007 S2
14.Telesto
29.Siarnaq
44.Hyrokkin
59.S/2007 S3
15.Calypso
30.Thrymyr
45.Kari
60.Anthe
Uranus
Relative position: 7th from the Sun
General composition: It is a Gas giant, meaning it is
mostly made of the gases hydrogen and helium, with
a small amount of methane and traces of water and
ammonia. It has no solid surface, but it does contain
a liquid core made mostly of “icy” materials (water,
methane, and ammonia)
Density: 1.30 gm/cm3
Atmosphere: Mostly hydrogen, helium, and methane
Size: 52 times the volume of the Earth
Planetary satellites(Moons): 27 Moons
Rotation: 17 hours 11 minutes
Revolution: 84.02 Earth years
Temperature: -197°C
Special features: Uranus’ axis is tilted so that it
seems to rotate on its side. This tilt gives it seasons
that last over twenty years.
Moons of Uranus
1.Cordelia
10.Belinda
19.Oberon
2.Ophelia
11.Perdita
20.Caliban
3.Bianca
12.Puck
21.Stephano
4.Cressida
13.Cupid
22.Trinculo
5.Desdemona
14.Miranda
23.Sycorax
6.Juliet
15.Francisco
24.Margaret
7.Portia
16.Ariel
25.Prospero
8.Rosalind
17.Umbriel
26.Setebos
9.Mab
18.Titania
27.Ferdinand
Neptune
Relative position: 8th from the Sun
General composition: It is a Gas giant, meaning it
is mostly made of the gases hydrogen, helium, and
methane. It has no solid surface, but its liquid core
is composed of water and other “melted ices.”
Density: 1.76 gm/cm3
Atmosphere: Mostly hydrogen, helium,and
methane
Size: 44 times the volume of the Earth
Planetary satellites(Moons): 13 Moons
Rotation: 16 hours 4 minutes
Revolution: 164.79 Earth years
Temperature: -200
Special features: Neptune is actually the farthest
planet from the Sun for a 20-year period out of
every 248 Earth years due to Pluto’s unusual
elliptical orbit.
Moons of Neptune
1.Triton
8.Proteus
2.Nereid
9.Halimede
3.Naiad
10.Psamathe
4.Thalassa
11.Sao
5.Despina
12.Laomedeia
6.Galatea
13.Neso
7.Larissa
Pluto
Dwarf planet
Relative position: 9th from the Sun
General composition: Rocky core surrounded
by water ice
Density: 2.0 gm/cm3
Atmosphere: Frozen most of the time. When it
is closest to the Sun the bright layer of frozen
methane, nitrogen, and carbon monoxide thaws
out and gives it a thin atmosphere
Size: 0.05 the volume of the Earth
Planetary satellites(Moons): 3 Moons
1.Charon
2.Hydra
3.Nix
Rotation: -6.39 days
Revolution: 247.9 Earth years
Temperature: -233°C
Asteroids
-are either rocky or metallic objects
that orbit the Sun.They are too
small to considered planets but are
sometimes called planetoids
-they can be anywhere from the size
of a pebble up to a 1000km in
diameter
-they have been found inside
Earth’s orbit and all the way out
past Saturn’s orbit
Most asteroids are located in the asteroid belt which exists between the orbit’s of
Mars and Jupiter.
Asteroid belt
Comets
Comets-small, fragile, irregular-shaped body
composed of a mixture of non-volatile grains and
frozen gases.
-their orbits are elliptical(oval) or
parabolic(U-shaped). The orbit brings them in
very close to the Sun and swings them far out into
space, sometimes out past Pluto.
-As comets approach the Sun, radiation
from the Sun evaporates the ice and gases,
creating the lone tail. The closer to the Sun, the
longer the tail of the comet is. The tail of the
comet always faces away from the Sun because of
the solar wind coming from the Sun.
Components of comets
Meteors? Meteoroids?
Meteorites?
What’s the difference?
Meteoroids- outside
atmosphere(meteor
oids are in the void
of space)
Meteorites- on Earth’s
surface (meteorites
are in the Earth
tight)
Meteors- are inbetween