Transcript The Outer Planets

The Outer Planets
20.4
Jupiter
Jupiter
It is the 5th planet from the sun, and the largest
planet in the solar system
 Contains more mass than all the other
planets combined.
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Jupiter
Diameter: 142, 796 km
 Revolution: 11.86 years
 Rotation: 9 hours, 55 minutes
 60+ moons
 1 ring ( faint dust rings)
 5.203 AU from sun
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Atmosphere of Jupiter
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The atmosphere is hydrogen and helium and
gradually changes into a planet-wide ocean of
liquid hydrogen and helium towards the middle of
the planet.
Jupiter may even have a solid rocky core.
However, if it did it would not be like Earth’s
because of extreme pressure(30 times Earth’s) and
temperature.
The atmosphere appears full of colorful cloudsswirls of white,red, tan and brown.
The Structure of Jupiter
Great Red Spot
In the atmosphere is also a continuous
storm, that appears very red. It is full of
swirling high pressure gases.
 This one storm is about 12000 km from top
to bottom, and lightning has been observed
in it the winds blow hundreds of kilometers
an hour.
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Red Spot
Rings and Moons
Jupiter has a faint
dust ring around it.
 Jupiter has 60+
moons,the four
largest were
discovered by
Galileo in 1610.
They are Io, Europa,
Ganymede, Callisto.
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Io
Closest to Jupiter
 Gravity pulls on Io from Europa
and Jupiter. This causes Io to be
very hot. Io is the most
volcanically active body in the
entire solar system.
 Io has no atmosphere- so you
couldn’t hear or feel the volcanic
blasts.
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Europa
2nd moon out from Jupiter.
Completely composed of rock with a thin
crust of ice 70 miles deep. Under that
ice is an ocean of water
Has a thin oxygen atmosphere.
It is also smooth- no impact craters, no
valleys, no canyons, no mountains or
volcanoes, no flood plains.
Has right ingredients for primitive life.
Ganymede
Largest moon in the
solar system- larger than
Pluto and Mercury but
not near the mass.
 Consists mostly of icemay have had oceans of
water, but froze- if it
were warmer, people
could possibly live there.
It’s daytime temp now is
–180F
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Callisto
4th moon out from Jupiter
 Composed of ice and rock
 Has impact craters that are 4
billion years old, and its
surface has stayed the same
for almost that long. It is
considered to be the longest
intact surface in the solar
system.
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Saturn
6th Planet from the Sun
The Ringed Planet
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Voyager probes saw Saturn in 1980-1981
2nd largest planet in the solar system
Lowest density-could float on water
Saturn is considered to be a gaseous planet, same
components as Jupiter- atmosphere hydrogen and
helium and the rest ammonia, methane, and water
vapor.
The atmosphere gradually turns into liquid
Hydrogen and helium forming a ocean like Jupiter
as well.
Saturn Facts
Diameter-120,660 Km
 Revolution-29.46 years
 Rotation-10 hours, 39 minutes
 Orbital Speed –9.64Km/S
 Moons- 31 or more
 Rings- thousands
 9.529 AU from sun
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Rings and Moons
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Saturn has several broad rings each composed of
thousands of ringlets. Each ring is composed of
ice and rock particles from dust size to tens of
meters across.
Saturn has 31 or more moons, the most well
known-Titan- the largest moon of Saturn which
has an atmosphere of Nitrogen, Argon, and
Methane. This makes SMOG so thick we cannot
see the surface.
Uranus
7th Planet from the Sun
Blue-Green Planet
Uranus wasn’t even
discovered until 1781.
 Large, gaseous planet with
a system of thin, dark rings
 The magnetic field is tilted
60 degrees from its
rotational poles.
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Uranus Facts
Diameter: 51,158 km
 Revolution: 84.04 years
 Rotation: 17 hours 14 minutes
 Orbital Speed: 6.81km/s
 Moons: 25
 Rings: 11
 19.191 AU from Sun
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Atmosphere
The atmosphere is composed of hydrogen,
helium , and some methane. The methane is
what causes it to look blue-green.
 There are no cloud bands or storms.
 Underneath the atmosphere: mantle of
liquid water, methane, and ammonia, then a
solid rocky core.
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Rotation
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Uranus rotates on its
side
Neptune
8th planet from the Sun( most of the
Time)
Neptune Facts
Diameter: 49,528 km
 Revolution: 164.79 years
 Rotation:16 hours, 3 minutes
 Orbital Speed: 5.43 km/s
 13 moons
 4 rings
 30.061 AU from the sun
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Neptune
Neptune’s and Pluto’s orbits cross during part
of their voyages around the sun.
 This makes it most of the time the 8th planet
out, but sometimes the furthest out.
 From 1979-1999 Pluto was closer than
Neptune, now Neptune is closer again.
Atmosphere
Atmosphere is composed of hydrogen,
helium, and methane and its also appears
blue. It has more methane than Uranus, so
it appears a darker blue.
 It has areas on the planet that are very dark,
which contain storms. The Great Dark
Spot, act like the Great Red Spot on Jupiter.
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Moons of Neptune
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There are 13
The largest is Tritonwhich has a nitrogen
atmosphere and
methane geysers.
Pluto
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It is a solid, rocky planet with ice and a thin
atmosphere. It is normally further out in its orbit
than Neptune.
The origin of Pluto is debated. There are icy
comets near Neptune’s orbit, the question is: Are
Pluto and it’s moon Charon part of the comets?
Another theory is they escaped the orbits of a large
gaseous planet.
Or did they just form out there?
Pluto facts
Diameter: 2290 km
 Revolution: 248.53 years
 Rotation: 6 days, 9 hours
 Orbital Speed: 4.74km/s
 1 moon
 No rings
 39.529 AU from Sun
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Charon
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Charon is composed
of various ices such as
water and ammonia
728 miles wide