Transcript Module-5

Traveling in Space
Ted Spitzmiller
Author Pilot Dreamer
Module 5 Space Environment
1
The Universe
Everything we are
aware of is a part of
the known universe
– Stars
– Galaxies
– Planets
– Plants
– Animals
– Humans
All made from the same
elements
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Galaxies
• Enormous collections
of stars
• Our Galaxy is called
the Milky Way
• Scientists estimate that
our Milky Way has
100 Billion stars…
many with planets
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The Solar System
Inner – Mars Earth Venus
Mercury
Outer – Jupiter
Saturn Uranus Neptune Pluto
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Relative Size of Planets
Rotates counter-clockwise
The “Red” Planet
Largest planet
Furthest from Sun
Sun
Pluto Neptune Uranus
Saturn
Jupiter
Mars Earth Venus Mercury
Atmosphere is 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen
Closest
to
Module 5 Space
Environment
the Sun
6
Space – the Final Frontier?
• The region of the universe beyond earth
• Great distances between significant bodies
–
–
–
–
Moon 240,000 miles
Planets 20,000,000 (Venus)
Sun 93,000,000 miles
Galaxies Light years
• A light year is 6 trillion miles
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Characteristics
of Space
Thickness of the
atmosphere
• Defined as starting 62
miles above the earth
• Very few molecules
(low pressure - almost
a vacuum)
• No oxygen
• Very cold
• Little gravity
(microgravity)
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Our Moon
• ¼ the size of the Earth
• Orbits the earth in 28
days
• Rotates on its axis once
each 28 days
– Lunar day is 28 earth
days
• Far side never viewable
from Earth
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Meteors
• Meteoroids
– rocks 10 meters or less
– drift through space
• Meteor
– If it enters the Earth’s
atmosphere
• Meteorite
– If it strikes the earth
before burning up
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Asteroids
• Often called minor
planets or planetoids
• Larger than 10 meters
• Primarily inner Solar
System
• Smaller than planets
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Comets
• Composed of frozen
gases, dust and ice
• Have no light source
but reflect sunlight
• Tail
– shaped by Solar wind
– always points away
from the sun
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The Universe
A Wonder of
God’s creation
But how can
we explore it?
There is no air
out there
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Rockets
Saturn V
Rockets Module 4
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Chinese Invent Gunpowder
First ‘solid fuel’ 1200 AD
Rockets Module 4
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Gun Powder
Mixture of:
• 15% charcoal, fuel to burn—carbon (C)
• 75% saltpeter (KNO3 potassium nitrate) oxygen
• 10% Sulfur (S), also a fuel
– lowers ignition temperature to increase speed of
burning
• Charcoal color is why it is often called “black Powder”
Rockets Module 4
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How does a rocket work?
Module 5 Space Environment
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Newton’s Three Laws of Motion
Sir Isaac Newton 1642-1727
• First Law - A body at rest
tends to stay at rest; a body
in motion tends to stay in
motion
• Second Law – Force equals
mass times acceleration
• Third Law - For every
action there is an equal and Reaction
opposite reaction
Rockets Module 4
Action
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Father of Modern Rocketry
Robert Goddard
• Experimentalist
• Launched first
successful liquid
fuel rocket
• March 16, 1926
Rockets Module 4
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Fuel Oxygen
Fuel
Oxygen
Basic Liquid Fuel
Rocket Engine
Rockets Module 4
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Rockets Module 4
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Major Systems of a Rocket
46
Rockets Module 4
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First Artificial Earth Satellite
• Sputnik Soviet Union
Launched in
1957 (Russia)
• Sergei Korolev
• Began the
Space Race
Rockets Module 4
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What is a Satellite?
Module 5 Space Environment
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Going into orbit
Throwing
a football
5,000
mph
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Going into orbit
Throwing
a football
10,000
mph
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Going into orbit
Throwing
a football
18,000
mph
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First Man in Space
•
•
•
•
Yuri Gagarin
Russian (USSR)
April 12, 1961
One orbit of the earth
Rockets Module 4
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Alan Shepard
• First American in
Space
• Flew in the Mercury
Spacecraft
• NOT and orbital flight
• 115 Miles up and
down
• May 1961
Rockets Module 4
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First American to Orbit
John Glenn - February, 1962
Launched by the Atlas
Rockets Module 4
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Rockets Module 4
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International Space Station
Rockets Module 4
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Spacesuit
Module 5 Space Environment
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Comparative Sizes
Saturn V / Apollo
Neil Armstrong
Vostok / R-7
Yuri Gagarin
1961
1969
Mercury / Atlas
John Glenn
1962
Space Shuttle
1981- Present
Rockets Module 4
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Moon’s Distance and Size
Diameter
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Moon’s Distance and Size
8000 miles
2000
Diameter
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Moon’s Relative size to Earth
2000
Reduce to lowest
common denominator0
8000 miles
2000/80000
2/80
Diameter
1/40
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Moon’s Distance and Size
8000 miles
Distance 240,000 miles
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Diameter
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Moon’s Distance and Size
One foot
Distance 240,000 miles
Module 5 Space Environment
8,0000 miles
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Moon’s Distance
240,000/8,000
One foot
240/8
Distance 240,000 miles
8,0000 miles
30/1
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First Men on the Moon
• Neil Armstrong and
Buzz Aldrin
• July 1969
• Launched by the
Saturn V
• Effectively ended
the Space Race
Rockets Module 4
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Journey to Mars
AEL Presentation
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What is Mars Like?
• Diameter 3,400 KM (4,200 miles)
• Atmospheric pressure .9 kPa (.2” hg)
• Atmospheric composition 95% CO2
AEL Presentation
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Spirit & Opportunity Roving Mars
• Landed on
Mars in 2004
• Designed to
roam Mars
for 3 months
• Still going
strong
3/26/2016
Module 5Spacecraft
Space Environment
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Quiz Time
Match the Name on the Left with their accomplishment
1. Chinese
2. Sir Isaac Newton
3. Robert Goddard
A. Invented Gunpowder rocket
B. Father of Modern Rocketry
C. Three laws of motion
Rockets Module 4
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Quiz Time
Match the Name on the Left with the accomplishment
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Alan Sheppard
Neil Armstrong
Yuri Gagarin
John Glenn
Sputnik
A. First man to walk on
moon
B. First American to Orbit
C. First Man to Orbit
D. First American in space
E. First artificial Earth
Satellite
Rockets Module 4
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Think About Traveling to the Stars!
Module 5 Space Environment
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Intercontinental Ballistic Missile
ICBM
• 1960 ICBM able to fly
anywhere in the world
in 30 minutes
• Carry 3,000 lb. five
megaton hydrogen
bomb warhead 8,000
miles
Rockets Module 4
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Time Line to Space
Tsiolkovsky
Challenger
Oberth
Space Shuttle
Goddard
Von Braun V-2
Columbia
ISS
YWB
Space Race
1900 1910 1920
1930 1940 1950
1960 1970
ICBM
1980 1990
2000
Skylab
Sputnik
Armstrong
Glenn
Gagarin & Shepard
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