Transcript 1) Celestial objects are things seen in Earth`s sky that is outside our

1) Celestial objects are things
seen in Earth’s sky that is outside
our atmosphere.
Examples: Moon, Sun, and Stars
2) On ESRT p.14; shorter wavelengths are
on the left side and longer wavelengths
are on the right side.
3) Visible light is a combination of multiple
colors.
4) Nitrogen in our atmosphere scatters and
refracts blue wavelength.
5) Azimuth – compass direction given as
angle.
Altitude – the angular elevation above the
horizon.
Zenith – point directly overhead at 90°
6) Determines the time of year; sun’s
highest altitude in the sky.
7) 45 ° in Northern direction.
8) The shadow decreases to noon and then
increases to sunset.
9) Equinox – Earth is not tilted towards or
away from the Sun.
Solstice – Earth is tilted towards the Sun on
Summer Solstice; Earth is tilted away from
the Sun on Winter Solstice.
10) Summer Solstice – June 21
Winter Solstice – Dec. 21
Equinoxes Days – Sept. 23 and Mar.21
11) On both equinoxes days, the Sun’s
vertical rays are on the equator; summer
solstice it is on the Tropic of Cancer
23.5°N; winter solstice it is on the Tropic
of Capricorn 23.5°S.
12) Summer Solstice - longest day - 15 hrs
daylight.
Winter Solstice - shortest day – 9 hours
daylight.
Equinoxes – 12 hours day and night.
13)
Dates
Equinoxes:
Summer Sol.:
Winter Sol.:
Rises
Sets
14) Earth’s revolution around the Sun and
its tilted axis of 23.5° as it rotates.
15) More than 23.5° - hotter summers and
cooler winters (Northern Hemisphere)
Less than 23.5° - cooler summers and
warmer winters (Northern Hemisphere)
16) Perihelion – Earth’s closest distance to
the Sun; gravitational forces increases,
orbital speed increases.
Aphelion - Earth’s farthest distance to the
Sun ; gravitational forces decreases,
orbital speed decreases.
17) Because it “looks” like the Sun and stars
revolve Earth, but it is really Earth that is
moving.
18) Age – 15 billion years old
Origin – The Big Bang
19) Rotation – the turning of an object on
its axis.
20) Revolution – Movement of one celestial
object around another.
21) (1st Law) Planet’s orbits are elliptical;
the farther the planet from the Sun
(aphelion), the longer the revolutionary
period, the weaker the gravitational force
and slower orbital speed; the closer the
planet to the Sun (perihelion), the
shorter the revolutionary period, and the
greater the gravitational force and faster
orbital speed.
22) Gravitational Force increases (2 large
objects close together)
orbital velocity
increases.
Gravitational Force decreases (2 small
objects far apart)
orbital velocity
decreases.
23) Heliocentric – Sun-centered model
Geocentric – Earth-centered model
24) Closed curves around 2 fixed points.
25) A measure of how much an orbit is out
of roundness.
26) Thousandth
units
*Any eccentricity calculation MUST be greater
than ______ (perfect circle) but less than _____
(straight line).
E=
E=
E=
27) Ovals
circular
28) same
B
A
Areas A and B are the same!
29) Spiral; Milky Way galaxy
30) Elliptical
Irregular
31) Located on the spiral arm of the Milky
Way Galaxy
32) Galaxies
solar system
33) Terrestrial planets – rocky in
composition
Jovian planets – larger, less dense, mostly
made of gas, and all have rings
34) stars
35) Nuclear Fusion – lighter elements
joining together to make heavier elements
36) Red
Blue
37) 27 1/3 days
38) 29 ½ days
Draw
39) Moon phases – observed shape of lighted
part of moon.
Waxing – seeing more and
more of the moon
Waning – seeing less and
less of the moon
40) Because the moon rotates at the same
rate as its revolution around Earth.
41) Apogee – moon’s farthest distance from
Earth.
Perigee - moon’s closest distance from
Earth.
42) Spring Tides – greatest difference
between high and low tides
Neap Tides – least
difference between
high and low tides
43) Solar eclipse:
Sun-Moon-Earth
Lunar eclipse:
Sun-Earth-Moon
44) When the moon orbits into Earth’s
shadow.
45) When moon’s orbit aligns exactly
between the Sun and Earth.
46) When a ring of the Sun shows around
the Moon’s shadow.
47) Total darkness created during an
eclipse.
48) Partial darkness created during an
eclipse.
49) Between Mars and Jupiter’s orbit.
50) Asteroids – irregular rocky masses
smaller than planets; orbits the Sun.
Comets – ice and rock;
very eccentric orbit
around the Sun.
Meteoroids – ice or rock fragment in space.
Meteorites – meteoroids that hit Earth’s
surface.
Meteors – streak of light created by
meteoroids.
51)
North
West
East
South
52) Meteoroid
53) 11
temperatures