Transcript Solar System

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Do-Now
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If you owe me a project put it in the basket
Take out the planet packet you had for
homework
As I come around a check answer the following
questions using R.A.C.E
Date and title the page Inner Planets
What do the four inner planets all have in
common?
Anything Blue goes in your notes today!
The Solar System
By Miss Scillieri
Memorial School
6th Grade
Relative Sizes of the Planets, plus Pluto
Neptune
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Saturn
Uranus
Not pictured
The dwarf
planet Eris
Jupiter
Mars
Earth
Venus
Mercury
Not pictured, the dwarf planet Ceres
Image from http://www.nineplanets.org/gif/NinePlanets.jpg
Clean picture comparing relative sizes
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Image from http://www.nineplanets.org/gif/NinePlanets.jpg
Another perspective
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Renamed
Eris
Another perspective
Image from http://media.skyandtelescope.com/images/TwelvePlanets_l.jpg
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The Inner Planets
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
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Characteristics of the
Inner Planets
 They
are 4 planets closest to the
sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth and
Mars. Located inside Asteroid Belt
 Very similar to each other, they are
small and have rocky surfaces.
They are dense. Do NOT have rings
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Often called “terrestrial planets” because
they resemble Earth, “terra-” means “Earth”
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Mercury
Size- about 38% of Earth’s diameter
it is 4878 km
Distance
from sun- about 39% of
Earth’s distance it is 58,000,000 km
Surface- thin, hard rocky surface
covered with many plains and craters
Atmosphere- very thin
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Mercury
 Ability
to support life- none, there is NOT
any sign of life on Mercury, lack of water
and oxygen along with hot temperatures
make life unlikely
 Moons- none
 Rotation- 59 Earth days
 Revolution- .24 Earth years
 Daytime(sunlit side) temperature 430ºC
Nighttime(shaded side) temperature
-190ºC
Mercury
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Image on right from http://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/images/browse/mercury/mercury1.jpg
Image on left from http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/Projects/BrowseTheSolarSystem/gifs/mercury2.gif
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Venus
 Size-
slightly smaller than Earth
95% of Earth’s diameter, it is 12,104 km
 Distance from sun- about 2/3 of Earth’s, it
is 108,000,000 km from sun
 Surface- covered with rock similar to
some parts of Earth, has volcanoes with
lava flows and strange domes
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Venus
 Atmosphere-
Very thick and cloudy,
mostly carbon dioxide, clouds partly
sulfuric acid. The thick atmosphere traps
heat making it HOT!
 Atmospheric pressure is 90 times heavier
than Earth’s and would crush a human
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Venus
 Atmosphere
continued- Mostly carbon
dioxide so greenhouse effect is strong
 Has clouds of sulfuric acid
 Ability
to support life- Life does NOT
appear to exist on Venus, lack of water
along with harsh temperatures and
atmosphere make life on Venus unlikely
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Venus
 Sometimes
called “Earth’s twin” or
“Earth’s sister planet” due to similarity
 Retrograde rotation- rotates “backward”
from east to west (opposite of Earth)
 Rotates very slowly, one rotation takes
about 8 Earth months and one revolution
around sun takes about 7.5 Earth months
(One day is longer than one year)
 Moons- None
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Venus
Image on left from http://rocksfromspace.open.ac.uk/images/venus.jpg
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Earth
 Size-
12,756 km diameter
 Distance from Sun- 150,000,000 km
 Surface- Crust is a solid rocky
surface, 70% is covered by water
 Atmosphere- up to 100 km thick,
made up of 78% Nitrogen, 21%
Oxygen, 1% other gases
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Earth
Ability
to Support Life- Life
does exist on Earth. Gaseous
oxygen, liquid water and
moderate temperatures are
hospitable for life on Earth
Rotation takes 24 hours
Revolution takes 365.25 days
Earth has one moon
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Earth
Image on right from http://z.about.com/d/space/1/7/c/e/earth_moon.jpg
Image on left from http://www.physorg.com/newman/gfx/news/2005/earth12.jpg
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Mars
Size-
53% of Earth’s diameter,
it is 6794 km
Distance from Sun- about 1.5
times distance of Earth
It is 228,000,000 km from sun
Surface-Rocky surface with
carbonite rocks high in iron,
creating red color Polar ice
caps contain frozen water and
carbon dioxide
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Mars
 Atmosphere-
Very thin, with thin clouds
Mostly carbon dioxide
 Ability to support life- It is possible that
primitive bacteria may have lived on Mars
or may now live there but none has been
found. Existence of liquid water makes life
on Mars a possibility
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Mars
 Has
polar ice caps of frozen water
and frozen carbon dioxide
 Rotation- 1.03 Earth days
 Revolution- 1.9 Earth years
 Mars has largest volcano in solar
system, called Olympus Mons
 Moons- 2 Phobos and Deimos
Image of Phobos from http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/221818main_PIA10368-516.jpg
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Mars
Image on left from http://www.lunarplanner.com/Images/Mars2003/Mars.jpg
Image on right from http://www.spacetoday.org/images/Mars/MarsRovers2003/MarsRover2003_1.jpg
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Do-Now
 Come
in quietly
 Take out HW- As I check answer the Do
Now in Blue
 If you were absent check the folder! It is
due tomorrow
 Answer the following question? What do
the four outer planets have in common?
 Anything in Blue goes in your notes today!
The Outer
Planets
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Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Pluto
(a dwarf Planet)
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Characteristics of The Outer
Planets
 These
are the planets outside of the
Asteroid Belt, they are: Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and the
dwarf planets Pluto and Eris
 Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune
are called “Gas Giants” . They are
much larger than Earth and do not
have solid surfaces
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Characteristics of The Outer
Planets
 Pluto
and Eris are small and rocky, like the
terrestrial planets.
 The gas giants do not have well-defined
surfaces but have deep atmospheres that
are typically about 75% hydrogen, 24%
helium, and 1% other elements
 Gas giants likely have solid cores of rock,
ice, frozen carbon dioxide and other
compounds
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Jupiter
 Size-
diameter is 11 times Earth’s, It is
142,800 km
 Distance from Sun- 5.2 times further
than Earth. It is 778,000,000 km
 Surface and atmosphere of gas and
liquid it does not have a well-defined
surface
 Has a deep atmosphere of about 86 %
hydrogen,14 % helium, and tiny
amounts of methane, ammonia,
phosphine, water, acetylene, ethane,
germanium, and carbon monoxide.
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Jupiter
Ability
to support life- Lacks
water, oxygen and moderate
temperatures needed to support
life. NO known life
Largest planet in solar system
with 300 times the mass of Earth
Rotation- .41 Earth days (fastest)
Revolution- 29 Earth years
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Jupiter
Moons-
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Has dark rings
Great Red Spot is storm on
Jupiter, twice as big as
Earth
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Jupiter
Jupiter and moon Io
Image on left from http://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/images/browse/jupiter/jupiter.jpg
Image on right from http://www.spacetoday.org/images/SolSys/Jupiter/JupiterBelowIo2001.jpg
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Saturn
 Size-
About 9.44 times size of Earth.
It is 120,540 km
 Distance from sun- About 9.5 times
distance from sun as Earth.
1,427,000,000 km
 Surface and atmosphere –has no
surface. Just thick mixture of gases.
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Saturn
 Ability
to support life- Lacks water,
oxygen, and moderate temperatures
needed to support life
 Second largest planet in solar system
 Rotation- 0.43 Earth days
 Revolution- 29 Earth years
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Saturn
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Moons- scientists are unsure because of
distance and composition. Estimated at 60
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Low density planet, could float in water
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Has beautiful rings that look like thick and
thin bands of color
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Titan- its biggest moon is bigger than
Mercury. Pictures show landforms once
formed by flowing liquid. Scientists are
studying if the moon can support life.
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Saturn
Image on right from http://www.adlerplanetarium.org/cyberspace
Image on left fromhttp://pds.jpl.nasa.gov/planets/images/full/saturn/saturn.jpg
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Uranus
 Size-
About 4 times diameter of Earth. It is
51,200 km
 Distance
from Sun- About 19 times farther
from sun than Earth. It is 2,871,000,000 km
 Surface
and atmosphere of a gas giant, it
does not have a well-defined surface,
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Uranus
 The
surface of Uranus consists of bluegreen clouds made up of tiny ice crystals
of methane, and rock. The crystals of
methane have frozen out of the planet's
atmosphere.
 Uranus'
atmosphere is about 83%
hydrogen, 15% helium and 2% methane.
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Uranus
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Ability to support life- Lacks water, oxygen, and moderate
temperatures needed to support life, NO known life
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Rotation- 0.72 Earth days, is retrograde rotation like Venus, and
rotates on side
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Revolution- 84 Earth years
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Uranus rotates on a 90 tilt and from bottom to top instead of
side to side
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Moons- 27. Icy and cratered surfaces
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Rings- 11 dark rings. They are not as prominent or pretty as
Saturn’s
Uranus
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Image on left from http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/image/uranus.jpg
Image on right from http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/139938main_uranus_ring.jpg
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Do-Now
Come in quietly
 Take out notebook open up to yesterday’s notes
Sit with your Color Team Red, Orange, Blue, and
Green.
Do-Now
 Blue Team- fill in the first column on your graphic
organizer- FIRST COLUMN ONLY!
 Green, Orange, and Red Teams – Write 2-3
sentences describing Neptune’s rings, moons, and
composition.
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Today we are going to the
movies
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will watch the brain pops on the
following titles
 Jupiter
 Saturn
 Uranus
 Neptune
 Pluto
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Assignment
 Blue
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(Uranus)- after
movie you will
complete KWL
chart
 Red
(Pluto) will use
information text to
complete graphic
organizer
Green (Saturn) – after
movie you will write a
story about visiting
Saturn and what you
need to pack in your
suitcase to survive
 Orange
(Neptune)will draw a poster
advertising why it is
such a great
planet.
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THIS IS GRADED
 Last
week’s center, this center, and
tomorrow center will be combined into
one big grade for the 2nd Marking Period.
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assignments like all assignments
deserve your upmost respect, attention,
and effort!
 This
can easily be turned into an
individual ESSAY instead of a group
station!
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Neptune
 Size-
Almost 4 times diameter of Earth. It is
49,500 km
 Distance from Sun- Almost 30 times farther
from sun than Earth. It is 4,497,000,000 km
 Surface
and atmosphere of a gas
giant, it does not have a welldefined surface
 Neptune's composition is similar to
Uranus. Cold and blue from
methane clouds.
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Neptune continued
Atmosphere
is mostly
hydrogen and helium with a
small amount of methane.
Ability to support life- Lacks
significant water, oxygen, and
moderate temperatures
needed to support life. NO
known life.
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Neptune continued
Rotation-
0.67 Earth days
Revolution- 165 Earth years
Visible clouds in atmosphere
Moons- 13
3 Very dark rings, 1 very faint
ring
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Neptune
Image on left from http://www.diracdelta.co.uk/science/source/n/e/neptune/neptune.jpg
Image on right from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Neptune-visible.jpg
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Pluto
 Size-
about 17% of diameter of Earth. It is
2200 km
 Distance from sun- more than 39 times
farther than Earth. It is 5,913,000,000
kilometers
 Rocky, icy surface is very small
 Thin atmosphere of methane gas
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Pluto continued
 Ability
to support life- Lacks water,
oxygen, and warmth needed for life
NO known life
 Moons- 1 Charon (book), 3- Charon,
Hydra and Nix (web and NASA)
 Rotation- 6.4 Earth days
 Revolution- 248 Earth years
Pluto
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Image on left from http://www.crh.noaa.gov/Image/fsd/astro/Pluto1.jpg
Image on right from http://www.jb.man.ac.uk/public/Pluto1.jpg
The Dwarf
Planets
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 Ceres-
new dwarf planet, it was
classified as the largest asteroid in
the Asteroid Belt (it is between Mars
& Jupiter). Say
 Pluto- was classified as a planet,
now classified as a dwarf planet
 Eris- new dwarf planet, past Pluto it
is an icy body near the edge of our
solar system. Say
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The Dwarf Planets and their
Moons
Image from http://www.windows.ucar.edu/our_solar_system/dwarf_planets/images/dwarf_planet_sizes_sm.jpg
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Planets and Dwarf Planets
compared
 Dwarf
planets are smaller than planets
 Both orbit the Sun
 Both are large enough that their gravity
pulls them into the shape of a sphere
 Planets clear smaller objects out of their
orbit. Dwarf planets can not because of
their weaker gravity
Information from http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/our_solar_system/dwarf_planets/dwarf_planets.html
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Background info on Dwarf Planets
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There are currently three official dwarf
planets. Pluto, formerly the smallest of the nine
"traditional" planets, was demoted to dwarf
planet status. Ceres, the largest asteroid in the
main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter,
was also declared a dwarf planet. The third
and final (for now!) dwarf planet is Eris, an icy
body on the edge of our Solar System that
was discovered recently in 2005. Eris was
temporarily labeled 2003 UB313 when it was
first discovered, and given the nickname
"Xena", before astronomers settled on the
official name of Eris.
Text from http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/our_solar_system/dwarf_planets/dwarf_planets.html
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Background info on Dwarf Planets
continued
What's the difference between regular planets and dwarf planets? As you
might guess, it's partly an issue of size, with dwarf planets being smaller. But
just how big does a planet need to be to become a full-fledged planet
instead of a dwarf? You might think the minimum size requirement is arbitrary,
but the size cutoff is actually based on other properties of the object and its
history in the Solar System. Both planets and dwarf planets orbit the Sun, not
other planets (in which case we call them moons). Both must be large enough
that their own gravity pulls them into the shapes of spheres; this rules out
numerous smaller bodies like most asteroids, many of which have irregular
shapes. Planets clear smaller objects out of their orbits by sucking the small
bodies into themselves or flinging them out of orbit. Dwarf planets, with their
weaker gravities, are unable to clear out their orbits.Though there are just
three dwarf planets now, their number is expected to grow. Scientists estimate
there may be 70 dwarf planets amongst outer solar system objects that have
been discovered already. Since we don't know the actual sizes or shapes of
many of the objects we've found (because they are so far away), we can't
yet determine whether they are actually dwarf planets or not. More
observations and better telescopes will help us determine which other objects
are dwarf planets. Astronomers speculate that there may be 200 or so dwarf
planets out through the distance of the Kuiper Belt, an icy band of frozen
planetoids on the edge of our Solar System.
Text from http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/our_solar_system/dwarf_planets/dwarf_planets.html
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Additional Sources
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http://www.windows.ucar.edu/tour/link=/our_solar
_system/dwarf_planets/dwarf_planets.html
http://www.pantheon.org/miscellaneous/pronunc
iations.html
http://www.nasa.gov
http://www.nineplanets.org