Transcript SOLAR SYSTEM

SOLAR SYSTEM
• The Sun
• 14 Planets ?
• Over 100 satellites of the planets
• Many Comets and asteroids
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Norm Herr (sample file)
SUN
• 75% hydrogen and 25% helium by mass
• Sun fuses hydrogen to helium in its core
• Differential rotation
– equator the surface rotates once every 25.4 days
– near the poles it's as much as 36 days
• Core conditions
– temperature is 15.6 million Kelvin
– pressure is 250 billion atmospheres
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Norm Herr (sample file)
MERCURY
• Orbit around sun
– highly eccentric
– perihelion 46 million km
– aphelion it is 70 million km
– 35,983,095 miles average
• Year length 88 Earth days
• Day length 59 Earth days
• Diameter 3032 miles
• Temperature: -300 -> 800 F
• Is iron rich surface
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Norm Herr (sample file)
VENUS
• Orbit around Sun
– 67,237,910 miles average from Sun
• 6th largest
• Year length 225 Earth days
• Day length 243 days retrograde (reverse direction)
– shows phases when viewed from Earth
– Galileo's observed phases
• Temperature 864 F average
• Diameter 7521 miles
• Recently discovered:
– Large shield type volcano
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Norm Herr (sample file)
EARTH
• 3rd from the Sun
• Moon is 1/6 mass of earth
• period of rotation: 24 hours
• period of orbit 365.25 days
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Norm Herr (sample file)
MARS
• Orbit around Sun - 141,633,260 miles average
• Year length 687 Earth days
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Day length 24 hrs. 37 min
Temperature -125 to 23 F
Diameter 4222 miles
Recently discovered: CO2 & H2O Icecaps
– Largest Volcano in solar system
• Has canyon as long as United States
• Olympus Mons- 3x taller than Everest, large as
Arizona
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• Visit JPL’s Mars Exploration Page
JUPITER
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Orbit around Sun – 483,682,810 miles
Year Length 4,331 days
Day Length 9 hours 56 minutes
Average Temperature surface -234 F
Diameter 88,846 miles
• 70% of the mass of solar system outside the Sun.
• NOT a solid body, is a ball of gas and liquid (mostly
hydrogen and helium).
– Jupiter rotates differentially, like the Sun does. (faster at
poles than equator.
–11/15/99
Has great red spot, like
hurricane
but 3 times size of Earth
Norma
Herr
(sample file)
SATURN
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Orbit around Sun- 885,904,700 miles
Year length 10,759 days
Day length 10 hours 39 minutes average.
Average temperature -288 F
– It has strong surface winds (500 m/sec).
• These cause the banding
• Diameter 74,898 miles
• Made almost entirely of H and He.
– It is less dense than water.
• Saturn’s Moons: 52 +
• Most extensive ring system in our solar sys.
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Norm Herr (sample file)
URANUS
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Orbit around the sun- 1,783,939,400 miles
Year length: 30,687 earth days (84.07 years)
Day length: 17 hours 15 minutes (retrograde)
Average temperature: -357 F
Diameter: 37,764 miles
Its axis point toward Sun most of the time. Spins on
side.
• Bright blue green color comes from methane in
atmosphere.
• Has 11 known rings
• Uranus has 27 moons most very small.
– Largest: Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Oberon, Titania (small large)
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NEPTUNE
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Orbit around the Sun- 2,795,084,800 miles
Year length: 60,190 days (164.9 years)
Day length: 16 hours 7 minutes
Average Temperature: -353 F
Diameter: 30,776 miles
Note the apparent storms
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Norm Herr (sample file)
NEPTUNE
• Bright blue coloration due methane in atmosphere
• Great dark spot discovered 1989. Believed to been a
hole in atmosphere. (like High pressure on Earth)
• It disappeared in 1994.
• Rings are very thin and made of dust, not understood
why some areas are more dense than others.
• Has 13 moons, Triton largest.
Note the apparent storms
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Norm Herr (sample file)
PLUTOIDS
• What is a dwarf planet?
– Celestial body orbiting the Sun
– Massive enough to be rounded by its own
gravity
– BUT has NOT cleared its neighboring
region of planetesimals
– Is not a satellite
• A plutoid is a dwarf planet beyond
the orbit of Neptune
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Norm Herr (sample file)
Only 5 recognized so far (200 possible)
Pluto, approximate
true color
Makemake,
(Artist’s conception)
Ceres, seen through
(Hubble telescope)
Eris, seen through
(Hubble telescope)
Haumea, with moons
Hi‘iaka and Namaka
(Artist’s conception)
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PLUTO
• Orbit around Sun- 3,670,050,000 miles
• Pluto’s orbit is VERY elliptical: varies from 29 to 49
A.U. from the Sun, crossing inside of Neptune's orbit.
– Also inclined 17deg to the ecliptic, so its farther above and
below the plane in which the other planets formed than any
other planet.
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Pluto is very small only 0.002 Earth mass.
Year length: 90,553 days (248 Earth Years)
Day length: 153 hours 18 minutes
Temperature -387 F to -369 F
Considered a Dwarf planet
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Norm Herr (sample file)
CERES
• Orbit around Sun- 254,922,727 miles
• Only dwarf planet in asteroid belt.
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Year length: 1680 days (4.6years)
Day length: varies 1681.6 days (4.604 years average)
Diameter 606 miles
Temperature approximately -160 F
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Pacific Island Names for Planetary
Objects
• Haumea is the
Hawaiian goddess of
childbirth and
fertility.
• The the moons
"Hiʻiaka" and
"Namaka” are named
after after two of
Haumea's daughters.
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HAUMEA
• Orbit – 4,526,589,000 miles
• Year length: 283.28 years
• Day length: extremely short
– It rotates so fast it is oval in shape
• Diameter about 892 miles
• Temperature -373 F
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Pacific Island Names for Planetary
Objects
• Makemake is the
creator of humanity
in the mythos of the
Rapanui, the native
people of Easter
Island. The name
choice preserves the
planetary object's
connection with
Easter.
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MAKEMAKE
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Orbit – 4,671,390,000 miles
Year length: 309.88 years
Day length: unknown
Diameter: 900 miles average
Temperature -406 F
No moons
• Hubble image of
Makemake
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ERIS
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Orbit – 4,671,390,000 miles
Year length: 557 years
Day length: 26 hrs ??
Diameter: 1553 miles
Temperature -436 F
• Keck observatory image
Eris and moon Dysnomia
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Credits
• http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/space/sol
ar-system/dwarf-planet.html
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11/15/99
Norm Herr (sample file)