Transcript Indus River Valley (Ancient India Civilization)

*10 Questions*
Honors World Geography
Sarah Gunter, Meg Chastain, Tyesha
Turner, Alli Culler and Becca Postoll
INDUS RIVER VALLEY
(ANCIENT INDIA CIVILIZATION)
SOCIAL STRUCTURE
What is the Caste System?
SOCIAL STRUCTURE

Caste System
How people in India are classified.
 After death, and into resurrection, one can rise, lower
or stay within the same class based on how you lived
your previous life
 People are born into one of five categories, the
Brahmins (highest class), Kshatriynas, Vaisyas,
Shudras, and the Untouchables (lowest social class)
 The system also includes 3,000 sub-castes and 90,000
local groups

SOCIAL STRUCTURE

These four classes are called Varnas
 Brahmanas=
scholars/priests
 Kshatriyas= kings/warriors
 Vaishyas= artisans/merchants
 Shudras= peasants/workers
 Untouchables are outcasts that have been added
over time.
SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Dharma is maintaining the
social structure of India. The
cosmic and godly peace and
structure of the world
revolves around the humans
keeping such order.
 Karma states “that one
reaps what one sows.” Any
and all actions and Indian
commits will affect their
future in one way or another.

SOCIAL STRUCTURE
What is the Caste
System?
A: The Caste System in
India is how people are
classified and it is
believed that one can
change their situation
based on how they lead
their previous life.
POLITICAL AND RULERS
What are the local kingdoms in
the Indus River Civilization?
POLITICAL AND RULERS
The Aryans
•Left almost no archaeological
record
•Thought to have come from the
Caspian and Aral Sea areas
•Elders passed down the history
from generation to generation
•Developed the Caste system
Aryan immigration to
Indus River Valley
The Mauryan Empire
•Named after Chandragupta
Maurya who gained power in
the Ganges Valley but with his
army soon conquered much of
northern India in 321 BC
•His descendants moved
southward, dominating the
Deccan Plateau.
•Set up an efficient
bureaucracy and a strong state
government
•The rulers were harsh
•Was around from 321 to 185
BC
Chandragupta Maurya
POLITICAL AND RULERS
What are the local kingdoms in the
Indus River Civilization?
A:The Aryans and the Mauryan
Empire
RELIGION AND FAITH
What religion is practiced in the
Indus River Civilization?
Vishnu
Shiva
RELIGION AND FAITH
•Haven’t found a written language, but artifacts have been found such as tablets and
figurines, to suggest that there was an early development of the religion Hinduism
•Is based on the worship of nature and the many gods/goddesses associated with it
•A polytheistic religion; believes in more than one God/Goddess
•Many animals worshiped such as the bull
•The cow to this day is still considered scared in the Indus area and other Hindu nations
RELIGION AND FAITH



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The Hindu Trinity is made up of: Brahman (Brahma),
Vishnu, Shiva
•Brahman is the creator, making a Goddess out of
himself to create the world and produce human race
•Vishnu is the preserver and protector of the world, said
to have 4 attributes (weapons)
•Shiva is the destroyer of the world, responsible for
destruction and death
•They believe in a reincarnation
•Reincarnation is a life after death based on your
karma, a human or animal after life
RELIGION AND FAITH
What religion is practiced in the
Indus River Civilization?
A:The Polytheistic religion Hinduism
is mainly practiced around the Indus
River Civilization.
TECHNOLOGY
What forms of technology did the
Indus River Valley people use?
TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
What forms of technology did the
Indus River Valley people use?
A:Irrigation systems, agricultural
technology, cultivation, boats and
tools.
ECONOMY AND TRADE
How did the Indus River Valley
people create their economy and
with who?
ECONOMY AND TRADE


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The people of the Indus River Valley used the
surrounding river to their advantage. Irrigation ditches
provided a healthy environment for plants and animals.
They also traded with surrounding area, as well with far
away countries. Archaeologists have found items
including gold from southern India, copper from
Afghanistan, jade like fuchsite probably from southern
India, and turquoise from Iran. This was most likely done
through boats, using the river for transportation.
This also provides information that the economy of this
civilization was highly dependent on trade.
ECONOMY AND TRADE
How did the Indus River Valley people
create their economy and with who?
A: They traded with local areas as well as
foreign countries. Items such as gold,
copper and other valuables from other
regions world of have been found on dig
sites of this ancient civilizations
WRITING SYSTEM
What were the names of the two
writings that the Indus River Valley
people created?
WRITING SYSTEM
Sanskrit
Vedas
WRITING SYSTEM
What were the names of the two
writings that the Indus River Valley
people created?
A: Sanskrit and Vedas
CITY STRUCTURE AND ARCHITECTURE
What was the use of the Great
Bath?
CITY STRUCTURE AND ARCHITECTURE
CITY STRUCTURE AND ARCHITECTURE
What was the use of the Great
Bath?
A:It was used for religious
ceremonies and purification
purposes.
LAW CODES AND LEGAL SYSTEM
What are the 4 sub laws within
the Hindi law?
LAW CODES AND LEGAL SYSTEM
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The people of the Indus River Valley believed in Karma.
The idea of Karma was to make you a better person.
There are 4 sub laws of the law of Hindi
-Universal Law- You are part of nature and everything is part
of you
-Social Law- The duties, occupations and responsibilities
that everyone fulfills
-Human Law- The evolution of the mind, body, and soul
-Personal Law- The karma and how it effects the person in
the afterlife
LAW CODES AND LEGAL SYSTEM
What are the 4 sub laws within the
Hindi law?
A:Universal Law, Social Law, Human
Law, and Personal Law
GENERAL GEOGRAPHY
What are the main present day
countries the ancient civilization of
the Indus River Valley make up?
GENERAL GEOGRAPHY
1.25 million kilometers
 Stretches across present day India, Pakistan,
Bangladesh, Nepal, and Afghanistan
 Indus River is the 21st longest river in the world

GENERAL GEOGRAPHY
What are the main present day
countries the ancient civilization of the
Indus River Valley make up?
A: Pakistan, Nepal, India, Bangladesh,
and Afghanistan
ROLE OF WOMEN
What was the purpose of dowries?
ROLE OF WOMEN
ROLE OF WOMEN
What was the purpose of dowries?
A: To repay the future husband for marrying their
daughter. It was considered a big trouble for the
men to marry their daughter.
MILITARY
WORKS CITED
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"INDUS RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATION, THE ARYANS, AND THE
MAURYAN EMPIRE." INDUS RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATION, THE
ARYANS, AND THE MAURYAN EMPIRE. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Jan.
2013.
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"REINCARNATION IN HINDUISM." REINCARNATION IN
HINDUISM. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2013.
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"Shiva, Brahman, v." Hindu God : (Shiv). N.p., n.d. Web. 12
Jan. 2013.
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"World Religions." ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n.d. Web.
12 Jan. 2013
WORKS CITED
WORKS CITED
WORKS CITED
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"Google Images." Google Images. 13 Jan. 2013
<http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1>.
"Hinduism." Sacred-Texts:. 13 Jan. 2013
<http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/index.htm>.
"INDUS RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATION." Indus River Valley
Civilization. 13 Jan. 2013
<http://www.rivervalleycivilizations.com/indus.php>.
"Varna - The Caste System." - Indian Mythology. 13 Jan. 2013
<http://www.apamnapat.com/entities/Varna.html>.
"The Vedas." The Vedas. 13 Jan. 2013
<http://go.webassistant.com/wa/upload/users/u1000057/
sites/overviews/index.lhtml>.
WORKS CITED
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"Caste system." Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com. 13 Jan.
2013 <http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/caste
system?s=t>.
"DISCOVER SANSKRIT." Discover Sanskrit. 13 Jan. 2013
<http://sanskrit.farfromreal.com/index.php?x=hist_orig
>.
"ECONOMICS OF THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION."
ECONOMICS OF THE INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION. 13
Jan. 2013
<http://www.csuchico.edu/~cheinz/syllabi/asst001/fall
97/2chd.htm>.
WORKS CITED
•"8b. The Caste System." The Caste System
[ushistory.org]. 11 Jan. 2013
<http://www.ushistory.org/civ/8b.asp>.
•"Ancient Aryans." Reference.com. 13 Jan. 2013
<http://www.reference.com/motif/history/ancientaryans>.
•"Aryan (people)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online.
Encyclopedia Britannica. 13 Jan. 2013
<http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/3746
8/Aryan>.
WORKS CITED