Transcript For each term or name, write a sentence explaining

For each term or name, write a
sentence explaining its significance.
Loess, oracle bone, Mandate of
Heaven, Dynastic Cycle, Feudalism
Bell Ringer
Read 10 Min
The Indo-Europeans
• Group of Nomadic people who may have come from steppes – dry
grasslands that stretched north of the Caucasus (mountains between black
and Caspian seas).
• Ancestors to many of our modern languages English, Spanish, Persian,
Hindu, we know where they come from due to what language they spoke.
• Unsure of why migration – movements of a people from one region to
another (1700-1200 B.C.)
English
Sanskrit
Persian
Spanish
German
Mother
Matar
Muhdahr
Madre
Mutter
Father
Pitar
Puhdahr
Padre
Vater
Daughter
Duhitar
Dukhtahr
Hija
Tochter
New
Navas
Now
Nuevo
Neu
Six
Sat
shahsh
Seis
sechs
• Hittites occupied Anatolia - also Asia Minor, modern day Turkey
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Rich in timber and agriculture, mountain hold important mineral deposits . Separate
Hittite city-states (what is it LL) came together to form an empire in 1650 B.C.
• Ruled Babylon & Indus valley for 450 years
• Kept their own Indo-European Language for their use but adopted Akkadian
language for international use. Borrowed their ideas about literature, art,
politics, law from Mesopotamians.
• Excelled at war, through 2 wheeled chariot/iron use. Iron is stronger than
bronze and holds a sharper edge. Purifying Iron Ore and working it into
weapons is a difficult process. Raw materials needed iron, ore, wood to
make charcoal easily available to them in the mountains of Anatolia.
• LL Summarize what you have learned about the Hittite empire, where they
came from , how do you think they fell suddenly in 1190 B.C., How did
environmental features in Anatolia help the Hittites advance
technologically?
Hittite Empire
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Homeland somewhere between Caspian and aral seas, where did they take over at?
Left their Vedas – four sacred collections of prayers, magical spells and instructions
for performing rituals.
Most important is the Rig Veda (contains 1,028 hymns to Aryan gods. For years not
written, passed on tradition orally to next generation.
Did not develop a writing system and counted wealth in cows.
Organized into four groups based on occupation 1) priests 2) warriors 3)traders and
landowner and 4) peasants , What do we call this???
As they came in contact with non Aryans made the class restrictions more rigid.
Shudras were laborers who did work that Aryans did not want to do. Varna or skin
color was a distinguishing feature of this system. Four major groups came to be
known as the Varna's or the Caste System.
Cut and paste varnas
TPS why might each cast been associated with different body parts?
Aryans
Rig Veda Reading - do: They Say/We Say/I Say
• Hinduism
• Reincarnation
• Karma
• Moksha
• Dharma
• Yoga
• Jainism
• Ahimsa (look up online)
W/ partner, find & define in LL
Caste system
Read 10 Min
Bell Ringer
• List the modern day influence Indo-Europeans had on us. Think linguistically
and what is the similarities between Aryan social classes and us today.
Explain at least 3.
Cut/paste Hinduism & Buddhism develop into
learning logs for notes
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Over thousands of years Aryans and non Aryans religions tended to blend together
forming new religious ideas
Hinduism is a collection of religious beliefs that developed slowly over a long
period of time.
Unlike many religions cannot be traced back to one founder with a single set of
ideas.
Hindus see religion as a way to liberate the soul from the mistakes and
disappointments of everyday existence.
A series of writings called the Upanishads explain how a person can achieve
moksha – liberation from desires and suffering; a perfect understanding of all
things.
Within the Upanishads there is the atman, the individual soul and Brahman, the
world soul that contains and unites all atman's.
Brahman, the eternal being that created and preserves the world, everything in
world is an aspect of Brahman.
Brahman usually represented by 4 heads, why? TPS
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Represents the 4 Vedas
• With your partner read a part of the Upanishad on P. 67. Rewrite the primary source
in your own words in your learning log.
• When a person in this life achieves moksha, what is it?
• It usually does not come in one lifetime but through a process of reincarnation
(rebirth)- an individual soul or spirit is born again and again until moksha is
achieved.
• A soul’s Karma – good or bad deeds, follows you from one life to another and
influences which caste one is born into, health, wealth etc.
• dharma-set of spiritual duties/obligations based upon class and station in life.
Fulfilling dharma creates good karma
Brahman continued….
• All things extension of Brahman including humans, belief they are unable to
understand Brahman completely.
• Belief each person has atman/soul
• Shapes each persons personality and
cannot be destroyed even in death
• Manifestations in world of Brahman called
Devas are active in the world, maintaining
order in nature
• Brahma sometimes seen as three personalities the creator, Vishnu the
Preserver, Siva the Destroyer
What is Moksha and how is it central to Hindu
teachings? LL
Read 10 min
Sacred Texts/Worship
• Many sacred texts including
• 3000 yr old Vedas – inspired
writings/believe Brahman wrote
also sacred Epics
• Hindus able to worship anywhere
• Use Yoga to assists their worship meditation/worship
• Pilgrimage to sacred Ganges river, to bath/worship
ancestors/thousands come every year/spread dead ashes/take
small vile of it home/believe if you bathe in Ganges will wash
away sins
Jainism
• Hindus broke off/created new belief-religion, founded by Mahavira
• Thought Hindus performed too many rituals
• Jainism - gave up worldly things
• Belief ahisma-nonviolence
• Not harm any creature, would sweep ants off the path in front of them
• Usually veg bc of this
• Most strict became monks and lived outdoors, only seeking shelter during rainy
season
• B/c of idea to not harm any creature look for business in trade and economy to
not harm any creature. Jains today make up one of the wealthiest communities in
India. Do not actively send out missionaries bc they preach tolerance of all
religions.
Buddhism
• Originated in Nepal from Siddhartha Gautama
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C9AoZj_FPzU
• Sheltered prince /3 palaces to live in/ at birth seer predicted would be great king
or spiritual leader
• Age 29 went for chariot ride to seek enlightenment – wisdom. saw old man with
wrinkles , first discovery that people aged
• Next ride saw someone sick
• Next a funeral and a dead man being carried, learned of death and sickness/old
age
• Fourth ride saw a man seeking enlightenment
• Requested father to leave palace, had to leave on own
• Left for Great Enlightenment seeking to overcome old age, disease, death (6
years)
• Became known as the Great Buddha founder of Buddhism
Continued….
• Seeked out the monks and gurus they did not have answers
• Said he sat under a tree to receive enlightenment and would not
leave until he discovered it
• Endured great storms/earthly temptation
• Spot is Bodh Gaya – one of the most sacred spots in Buddhism, a
temple is now built on that/man visitors
Siddhartha Partner Read
• Preached his first sermon to four companions wandering with him. In it he laid
out four main ideas he had come to understand his enlightenment. Called these
the four noble truths.
• 1.Suffering is part of human life, no one can escape from suffering
while alive
• 2.Suffering comes from people’s desire for pleasure and material
goods.
• 3.overcoming these desires during life eventually brings suffering
to an end.
• 4.Desires can be overcome by following the Eightfold path
• The eightfold path, a guide to behavior, was like a staircase. Those seeking
enlightenment had to master one step at a time.
• This mastery would come over many lifetimes.
• 1.right view, or accepting the reality of the Four Noble Truths
• 2.Right attitude, or striving for moderation in all things.
• 3.Right speech, or avoiding lies, boasts, and hurtful words.
• 4.Right action, or treating others fairly.
• 5.Right livelihood, or avoiding jobs that could bring harm to others
• 6. Right effort, or constantly trying to improve oneself.
• 7.Right mindfulness, or remaining aware of the world around one, and
• 8.Right concentration, or ignoring temptation and discomfort while
meditating.
Eightfold Path
Nirvana
• By following the Eightfold path anyone can reach
Nirvana – Buddha’s word for release from selfishness
and pain
w/ partner, use book and complete chart glued
into your learning log Ch. 3 Sect. 2
Newscast
• In small groups, plan a newscast that will inform the public about
a religion. Include interviews with monks or priests etc. in the
newscast. Use the book to help you pp. 66-71