Transcript The first monotheistic (one God)

Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Buddhism
Hinduism
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personal freedoms and religion?
13 Principles of Judaism
The first monotheistic (one God) religion, Judaism
traces its roots back thousands of years.
Jews believe there is one God who
created and rules the world. This
God is omnipotent (all powerful),
omniscient (all knowing) and
omnipresent (in all places at all
times). God is also just and merciful.
Holy Book: The Torah, which
means "teaching", is God's
revealed instructions to the
Jewish People.
The Ten Commandments are
considered the most important
commandments of the Torah.
1. God exists.
2. God is one and unique.
3. God is incorporeal.
4. God is eternal.
5. Prayer is to be directed to God
alone.
6. The words of the prophets are
true.
7. Moses was the greatest
prophet, and his prophecies
are true.
8. The Torah was given to Moses.
9. There will be no other Torah.
10. God knows the thoughts and
deeds of men.
11. God will reward the good and
punish the wicked.
12. The Messiah will come.
13. The dead will be resurrected.
Judaism is the twelfth most popular religion in the world. It contains
about 14 million adherents (followers). The majority of the Jewish
population is found in the United States and Israel. In Israel there are
about 5,600,000 Jews. 76% of Israel is Jewish. The United States has
about 5,275,000 Jews, which is about 38% of the world population of
Jews. Any other country in the world contains less than 1% of the
Jewish population.
Christian beliefs
1. God created all that is seen and
unseen
2. Jesus is the Son of God and is
one with God
3. Jesus was conceived of the Holy
Spirit and born of the virgin Mary
4. Jesus suffered and was crucified
5. Jesus died and was buried
6. Jesus rose again (the
Resurrection)
7. Jesus ascended into Heaven
8. Jesus will return to judge the
living and the dead
9. Anyone can have salvation
10. People who repent their sins
will be forgiven
The birthplace of
Christianity is an area now
known as the Holy Land;
Israel/Palestine in the city
of Jerusalem.
The Holy Bible is the only
inspired, infallible, and
authoritative written Word of
God, penned by man with the
leading of the Holy Spirit.
Christianity has about 1.9 billion adherents (followers). It is
the most popular religion in the world. However, it is
difficult to find a Christian in the Middle East and Asia.
The Arabian Peninsula
the birthplace of Islam
The word "Islam" itself means
"Submission to Allah."
5 Pillars of Faith
1. Shahada
(testimony of faith)
One is required to
say "There is no god
but Allah, and
Muhammad is the
messenger of Allah."
2. Salat (prayer)
Muslims pray toward
Mecca five times
daily, at dawn, noon,
mid-afternoon,
sunset and night.
3. Zakat (almsgiving)
Charitable giving is a
requirement for all
Muslims. Almsgiving is
incumbent upon the
individual Muslim except for in Saudi
Arabia, where Zakat is
strictly enforced by the
rule of Islamic law.
Holy book is
the Quran
4. Siyam (fasting)
fasting during the
month of Ramadan.
From dawn to dusk
for the entire month
5. Hajj (pilgrimage)
To go to the holy city of
Mecca for the Hajj, or
pilgrimage. Every ablebodied Muslim is required if their finances permit - to
make the pilgrimage at
least once in their lifetime.
Islam has about 1.1 billion adherents (followers). It is the
second most popular religion in the world (after
Christianity). However, it is the most popular religion in
the Middle East. As seen below, there is hardly any
Muslim population outside of the Middle East.
There are two sects, Sunni and Shi'a. Islam in the
Middle East is predominantly Sunni, with the exception
of Iran.
Basic beliefs of Hinduism
Dharma (ethics and duties)
Samsara (rebirth)
Karma (right action)
Moksha (liberation from the cycle of Samsara)
Hinduism believes that there
is only one supreme Absolute
called "Brahman“ (Divine
Ground of all matter, energy,
time, space, and being ). The
most fundamental of Hindu
deities is the Trinity of
Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva.
In addition to many gods and
goddesses, Hindus also
worship spirits, trees, animals
and even planets.
The basic scriptures
of Hinduism, are
called “the Vedas and
the Upanishads”.
Hinduism is the world's oldest
religious tradition (circa 10,000
BC), with a billion followers,
making it the world's third largest
religion. Hinduism is a mixture of
religious, philosophical, and
cultural ideas and practices that
originated in India.
Ganesha creates
the faith to remove
all obstacles. Hindu
prayers begin by
invoking his name.
He is the son of
Shiva
Brahma
Creator
Brahma is self-born
(without mother) in the
lotus flower which grew
from the navel of Vishnu at
the beginning of the
universe. He is responsible
for day and night.
Vishnu
Preserver
Vishnu is the preserver
and protector of creation.
When evil overtakes
good in the world,
Vishnu will come in
human form to set things
right again.
Shiva
Destroyer
Shiva is responsible for
change both in the form of
death and destruction and
in the positive sense of the
shedding of old habits.
Shiva lives on Mount
Kailasa in the Himalayas.
Hindu Population in the World
The Five Precepts:
These are rules to live by.
Do not kill.
Do not steal.
Do not lie.
Do not misuse sex.
Do not consume alcohol or other
drugs
Siddhartha
Gautama Buddha
was born the son
of a king, around
565 B.C. in
Lumbini in modern
day Nepal.
The Eightfold Path:
After many incarnations, if a
The Buddha's Eightfold Path consists of:
person releases their
Panna: Discernment, wisdom:
attachment to desire and the
1) Right Understanding of the Four Noble Truths self, they can attain Nirvana.
2) Right thinking; following the right path in life This is a state of liberation
and freedom from suffering.
Sila: Virtue, morality:
3) Right speech: no lying, criticism, condemning, gossip, harsh language
4) Right conduct by following the Five Precepts
5) Right livelihood; support yourself without harming others
Samadhi: Concentration, meditation:
6) Right Effort: promote good thoughts; conquer evil thoughts
7) Right Mindfulness: Become aware of your body, mind and feelings
8) Right Concentration: Meditate to achieve a higher state of consciousness
The Four Noble Truths of
Buddhism:
Dukkha: Suffering exists: (Suffering is real
and almost universal. Suffering has many
causes: loss, sickness, pain, failure)
Samudaya: There is a cause for suffering.
(It is the desire to have and control
things. It can take many forms: craving of
sensual pleasures; the desire for fame;
the desire to avoid unpleasant
sensations, like fear, anger or jealousy.)
Nirodha: There is an end to suffering.
(Suffering ceases with the final liberation
of Nirvana. The mind experiences
complete freedom, liberation and nonattachment. It lets go of any desire or
craving.)
Magga: In order to end suffering, you
must follow the Eightfold Path.
Buddhist Flag
Hindus believe that Buddha was
the 9th incarnation of Vishnu.
Buddhists don’t believe this
because they don’t believe in
Gods.
Buddhist Population in the World
Created by:
Debra Harrington
Yeager Middle School
2009
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