Transcript Workshop - DB Performance Workshop (morning)

What’s New in the
OpenEdge Database
Gus Bjorklund, Progress Software
Richmond, VA, Raleigh, NC PUG Meetings
April 8 and 9, 2014
Abstract
There has been much advancement in the OpenEdge database over the
last few years including both prominent well known features and some
not so prominent ones all capable of having a big impact to your
OpenEdge deployments.
In this talk we will tell you about the recent improvements in performance,
monitoring, on line maintenance, data organisation and governance
capabilities available in the OpenEdge database. You can be assured
that you'll be introduced to a new capability that will improve your
OpenEdge database management.
Rich Banville is the author. I am just the messenger.
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Notice
Please interrupt if you have a question.
No need to wait till you forget.
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Introduction
 Parallel development between OpenEdge 10.2B and OpenEdge 11
• Including rollout of some enhancements in the older releases
• Some OE 10.2B releases occurred after OE 11.0 shipped
– This confuses where some features exist
 Release information provided with each topic
• Indicates there and above
 Not a deep dive into each feature
• Just going to scratch the surface
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Agenda
 Major Features
 Not So Major Features
 Relatively Unknown or Forgotten Features
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Major Features
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Transparent Data Encryption – TDE (OE 10.2B)
Very low overhead (0 – 4%)
Transparent
Flexible
Secure
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
Application transparent data encryption

Full index query support

No need to move data

Encrypt individual objects or areas

Can change encryption policies online

Storage engine encrypts blocks on disk

Provides secure encryption key storage

Support industry standard ciphers

Limits access to physical data
© 2013 Progress Software Corporation. All rights reserved.
OpenEdge Transparent Data Encryption (TDE)
Database Storage Engine
How Does It Work?
Keys
Key
Store
Write I/O
Encrypted Data
Encrypt
Shared
Memory
plain
text
Buffer Pool
(plain text block)
&
Database
Decrypt
Policies
Policy
Area
Read I/O
Product Install

8
Key store
• Database Master Key (DMK)
• Admin/User Passphrase
• Manual/Automatic
© 2013 Progress Software Corporation. All rights reserved.

Encryption Policy Area
• Encryption Policies
• What to encrypt
• How to encrypt (cipher)
Other Encryption Features
 Encrypted backup/restore
 Optionally encrypt binary data dump
 Migration
• Encrypt data over time or immediately
• No application changes
– Full index capabilities on encrypted data
 Supporting utilities
• Enable/disable
• Epolicy manage <area | table> rekey | update | encrypt
• Epolicy scan
• Table/index move w/possible re-encryption
• Can change encryption policies online
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Multi-tenant Tables (OE 11.0)
Simplifies Development of Multi-tenant
Applications
Car Rental
Application
 Basic multi-tenant paradigm
Multi-tenancy
Customer
• Multi-tenant tables built into the
database
 Tenants share same schema
definition
 Data physically partitioned by tenant
identity
 Minimal application changes
• Just establish tenant identity
(per database)
*Fictitious example
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Tenant 1
(Hertz-Boston)
Tenant 2
1 Ben Affleck
2 Mark Wahlberg
3 Steve Carrell
4 Robin Williams
7 Harrison Ford
(Hertz-Chicago)
8 Berrnie Mac
2 Dennis Rodman
Tenant 3
(Rent-a-wreck)
7 Nick Nolte
9 Lindsay Lohan
10 Charlie Sheen
Multi-tenant Tables (OE 11.0)
Simplifies Development of Multi-tenant
Applications
Car Rental
Application
 Keys unique per tenant partition
Multi-tenancy
 Shared & tenant sequences/tables
 Query is tenant specific
• Authenticate as tenant
– _User
– Client Principal
– SQL only _users
Customer
Tenant 1: Hertz-Boston
FIND CUSTOMER
WHERE
cust-num=2.
Tenant 2
• Same application & schema
*Fictitious example
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2 Mark Wahlberg
3 Steve Carrell
4 Robin Williams
7 Harrison Ford
(Hertz-Chicago)
• Assert tenant identity
 Useful for database consolidation
1 Ben Affleck
8 Berrnie Mac
2 Dennis Rodman
Tenant 3
(Rent-a-wreck)
7 Nick Nolte
9 Lindsay Lohan
10 Charlie Sheen
Multi-tenant Tables (OE 11.0)
Simplifies Development of Multi-tenant
Applications
Car Rental
Application
 Keys unique per tenant partition
Multi-tenancy
 Shared & tenant sequences/tables
 Query is tenant specific
• Authenticate as tenant
– _User
Tenant 1: Hertz-Boston
FIND CUSTOMER
WHERE
cust-num=2.
1 Ben Affleck
2 Mark Wahlberg
3 Steve Carrell
– Client Principal
4 Robin Williams
– SQL only _users
7 Harrison Ford
• Assert tenant identity
 Useful for database consolidation
• Same application & schema
*Fictitious example
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Customer
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Tenant 3: Rent-a-wreck
FIND CUSTOMER
WHERE
cust-num=2.
8 Berrnie Mac
2 Dennis Rodman
7 Nick Nolte
9 Lindsay Lohan
10 Charlie Sheen
Multi-Tenancy Enhancements
 Resource Governors (OE 11.1)
• -LGovernor - % of lock table any one tenant (user group) is allowed to occupy
• -nGovernor – Number of database connections any one tenant is allowed to consume
 Tenant Index Rebuild online (OE 11.3)
• proutil
proutil <db>
-C-C
enablemtidxbld
<db>
enablemtidxbld
(online & offline)
• proutil <db> -C mtidxbuild table <name> index <name>
proutil <db> -C mtidxbuild table <db> index <name>
tenant | group <name>
tenant | group <name>
• Acquires EXCLUSIVE table partition lock
• Tenant data for associated table is restricted to no-lock
• Index being rebuilt is offline
• Can run multiple concurrently
• Data access to table available for all other tenants and other tables of this tenant
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Multi-Tenancy Enhancements
 Tenant Data Recovery (OE 11.3)
• proutil
Proutil <db>
source
<sourcedb>
<db>-C
-Cdatamove
datamove
source
<db>
[ tenant
[ table
<name>
] | [ sequence
sequence < <name>
name> ] [ [recs
recs <n>
]
tenant<name>
<name>
table
<name>
<n>]
• Basically a restore, roll forward, binary transfer between databases
• Schema validation performed automatically
Progress OpenEdge Tenant/Group Data Move
Source Database : source_db
Destination Database: dest_db
Table Instance
Control Txn Size
1. Move Table Data by Tenant
2. Move Sequence Data by Tenant
3. Move Table Data by Group
4. Set Records per Transaction ( Current: 100 )
5. Quit
Enter your selection:
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Not So Major
Features
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Index Rebuild Performance (OE 10.2B06, OE 11.2)
-TB
64
-datascanthreads
# threads for data scan phase
1.5 X #CPUs
-TMB
merge block size ( default -TB)
64
-TF
merge pool fraction of system memory (in %)
80%
-mergethreads
# threads per concurrent sort group merging
X -threadnum =
1.5 X #CPUs
-threadnum
-TM
-rusage
-silent
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sort block size (8K – 64K, note new limit)
# concurrent sort group merging
# merge buffers to merge each merge pass
report system usage statistics
a bit quieter than before
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2 or 4
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-rusage
-silent
Index Rebuild Performance (OE 10.2B06, OE 11.2)
-TB
64
-datascanthreads
# threads for data scan phase
1.5 X #CPUs
-TMB
merge block size ( default -TB)
64
-TF
merge pool fraction of system memory (in %)
80%
-mergethreads
# threads per concurrent sort group merging
X -threadnum =
1.5 X #CPUs
-threadnum
-TM
-rusage
-silent
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sort block size (8K – 64K, note new limit)
# concurrent sort group merging
# merge buffers to merge each merge pass
report system usage statistics
a bit quieter than before
© 2013 Progress Software Corporation. All rights reserved.
2 or 4
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-rusage
-silent
Utility Enhancements
 Roll forward
• rfutil
rfutil <db>
forward –ailist
<ailistname>
<db>-C-Crollrollforward
–ailist
<ailist-name>
• Can now specify a list of files to roll forward rather than individual ones
• Avoids redo on each restart
• Also per file completion status information provided
10:01:10: 50% of aimage file processed (100 notes processed)...
 dbrestrict
• Restricts access to the database for processes other than the specified operation
proutil <db> -C dbrestrict [ datamove | rollforward ]
[ enable | disable | status]
• Unlike “oplock”, allows access by certain read-only activities and prostrct add
• For “datamove” allows DB Broker, promon & proshut
• Prorest can enable –dbrestrict too!
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Utility Performance
 Online Backup Pause (OE 11.3)
• Requires new backup header version for bi cluster information
– Applies to online only
– Not backward compatible
– Use –bibackup all option for backward compatibility
• Backup active clusters only
• Skips unused clusters regardless of where they are in the cluster ring or bi file
• Restore will reorder cluster to compact state
probkup online <db> [ incremental ] <device-name>
[ bibackup {active | all } ]
[enableai ]
[ enableaiarchiver – aiarchdir <dir-list > ]
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Networking Control
Philosophy: Throughput by keeping server busy without remote client waits!
 Process-based control
• -Ma, -Mn, -Mi
– Controls the order users are assigned to servers
 Resource-based control
• -Mm <n>
– Maximum size of network message
– Client & server startup
 New tuning knobs – resource-based control
• Alleviate excessive system CPU usage by network layer
• Control record data stuffed in a network message
– Applicable for “prefetch” queries
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Networking – Prefetch Query
 No-lock query with guaranteed forward motion or scrolling
• Multiple records stuffed into single network message
• Browsed static and preselected queries scrolling by default
FOR EACH customer NO-LOCK:
….
end.
DO PRESELECT EACH customer NO-LOCK:
….
end.
define query cust-q
for customer SCROLLING.
open query cust-q
FOR EACH customer NO-LOCK.
repeat:
get next cust-q.
end.
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-NmsgWait (OE 10.2B06 & OE 11.1)
TCP I/O
Server
-Mm 8192
Remote
Client
 Determines how long a server waits for remote request
 Benefit: Could reduce polling thereby reducing system CPU
 Detriment: Could make remote client wait longer for a lock
 Tuning suggestions:
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
There are better ways to reduce polling.

Leave it alone

Set it to 1 (default is 2)
© 2013 Progress Software Corporation. All rights reserved.
FOR EACH customer NO-LOCK:
….
end.
-prefetchPriority (OE 10.2B06 & OE 11.1)
TCP I/O
Server
-Mm 8192
Remote
Client
 Defers check (poll) for requests from other remote clients
while network buffer is populated with multiple records
 Reduces System CPU costs
 Tuning suggestions:
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
Set to 100 (worked best in my tests)

Some field testing suggests 50 is best

Watch out for slower response to non-prefetch queries
© 2013 Progress Software Corporation. All rights reserved.
FOR EACH customer NO-LOCK:
….
end.
-prefetchDelay (OE 10.2B06 & OE 11.1)
TCP I/O
Server
-Mm 8192
Remote
Client
 Puts multiple records in first message when set.

If not set, first response message only contains 1 record
 Benefits:

Can improve browse widget window population

Can reduce TCP I/O for a single query by 1
 Tuning suggestions:
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
In theory, enabling this should improve performance

I have seen no difference in my testing
© 2013 Progress Software Corporation. All rights reserved.
FOR EACH customer NO-LOCK:
….
end.

Avg record size = 200 bytes

~40 records per msg
maximum
-prefetchNumRecs and –prefetchFactor (OE 10.2B06 & OE 11.1)
TCP I/O
Server
-Mm 8192
Remote
Client
 Determines how many records are “stuffed” in a message

FOR EACH customer NO-LOCK:
….
end.

Avg record size = 250 bytes

~32 records per msg
maximum
Number of records vs percentage full
 Reduces network traffic and improves TCP/IP I/O efficiency  Record size and –Mm matter!
 Tuning suggestions:
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
100 records or 90% to 100%

Reduce if remote clients complain of “choppy” behavior

Default is 16 records
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
Too small –Mm negates affect
Enhancements to Database Buffering
System Memory

Memory access much faster than
disk access

Reduce read and write I/O via caching
Process Shared Memory
Database
Buffer
Pool
Bi
Buffers
Ai
Buffers

File system cache
I/O
Multi level caches
.d.d .d.d
.d .d
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.d.b
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Multi level caches
.d.a
•
Memory is finite
•
Working set concept
Managing the buffer pool
•
Primary buffer pool
•
Alternate buffer pool
•
Private Buffers
•
Replacement mechanisms
The Database Buffer Pool
LRU
MRU
Database
Buffer
Lookup
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Buffer pool hash table
64
128
96
1024
Primary Buffer Pool
-B buffers

Database block lookup via single hash table

Replacement policy via LRU mechanism
•
LRU vs MRU end of replacement chain
•
Manages “working set” well
•
Easily “fouled”
•
High housekeeping cost
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144
256
LRU buffer eviction policy
Reducing “Housekeeping” Costs (OE 10.2B06 and OE 11.1)
LRU
MRU
Buffer pool hash table
64
Database
Buffer
Lookup

96
1024
144
256
LRU buffer eviction policy
Primary Buffer Pool
-B buffers
-lruskips <n> (-lru2skips for alternate buffer pool) (OE 10.2B06 and OE 11.1)
•
•
•
Skip LRU maintenance for <n> accesses
LRU and LFU (least frequently used) combined
Small numbers make a BIG difference (100 works well)
Promon, R&D
4. Administrative Functions ...
4. Adjust Latch Options
4. Adjust LRU force skips: 100
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128
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FIND _Startup.
ASSIGN _Startup-LRU-Skips = 100.
Alternate Buffer Pool (OE 10.2B)
MRU
LRU
64
96
1024
144
256
Primary Buffer Pool
-B buffers
Buffer pool hash table
Database
Buffer
Lookup
128
 1 buffer pool cache
 1 Hash table
 Multiple LRU
replacement chains
Alternate Buffer Pool
-B2 buffers
LRU
92
64
164
48
132
LRU buffer eviction policy
128
MRU
LRU2 buffer eviction policy
(only when needed)
 Object specific data managed separately  Data Dictionary (by table/index/LOB)
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 Reduces “housekeeping” cost
 proutil enableB2 (by storage area)
 Data can become resident in memory
 proutil viewB2 option
© 2013 Progress Software Corporation. All rights reserved.
Private (per user) Read-only Buffers (little known/used category)
Database
Buffer
Lookup
64
Buffer pool hash table
LRU
128
96
1024
144
256
LRU buffer eviction policy
MRU
LRU
Primary Buffer Pool
-B buffers
104
128
40
200
40
160
MRU
LRU
96
80
48
-Bp (per user) eviction policies
Alternate Buffer Pool
-B2 buffers
LRU
92
64
164
48
132
128
 Selfless act for table scan users
• Will not improve performance of user
• Helps others since it avoids fouling of LRU mechanism
• Use it for operations like dbanalys or table scan queries
 Intended to improve performance overall
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MRU
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MRU
LRU2 buffer eviction policy
(only when needed)
Private (per user) Read-only Buffers (little known/used category)
Database
Buffer
Lookup
64
Buffer pool hash table
LRU
128
96
1024
144
256
MRU
LRU buffer eviction policy
MRU
LRU
Primary Buffer Pool
-B buffers
104
128
40
200
40
160
MRU
LRU
96
80
-Bp (per user) eviction policies
Alternate Buffer Pool
-B2 buffers
LRU
92
64
164
48
132
128
MRU
 Values
LRU2 buffer eviction policy
(only when needed)
• Default: 0; Max 64 per client (cumulative total limited to 25% of –B)
• Change per client maximum with -Bpmax at db startup
• Set # buffers via -Bp at client startup
– Can be changed at runtime via _MyConnection._Myconn-NumSeqBuffers
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Some Tuning Suggestions
 -lruskips
• 100 seems to work well
• Only helps if LRU latch contention
 -B2
• Set large enough to hold very active “small” tables
• Include indexes as well as the table
 -Bp
• Set to # tables in query + depth of each index used
– 2 way join query: 8 to 10 will work well
• Use for table scan type queries
– Application as well as utilities (dbanalys)
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Auditing (OE 10.1A)
 Policy based (flexible)
• Change capture internal to database
• Audit logs highly protected
• Create, update and delete change capture
– (no read capture provided)
• Application events
• Archive for reporting
 Reclaim Audit Space (OE 11.2)
<db>-C-Cauditreconfig
auditreconfig
[ tablearea
<name>
] [ indexarea
• proutil
proutil <db>
[ tablearea
<name>
] [ indexarea
<name> ]<name>
– Re-creates audit tables and indexes in new area
– Drops old audit tables and indexes
– Existing data is truncated
• Carefully use prostrct truncate/remove to reclaim area’s disk space
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OpenEdge
Replication
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Maintain a “hot” standby with OpenEdge Replication
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OpenEdge Replication Enhancements
 Increase max –pica (OE 11.2)
• Database Service Communication Area Size (-pica)
• Maximum value of increased from 512 to 1,000,000
• Avoid database “slowdown” when target not keeping up
 JTA & Replication (OE 11.2)
• Allow JTA distributed transactions and OpenEdge Replication
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OpenEdge Replication Enhancements
 Table move/index move (OE 11.3)
• Now propagated to target
 -asc <n>: asynchronous level (relatively unknown category)
• Default is 10, Max is 500
• Disabled with setting of 501
• Server tells agent # blocks to be sent before ACK
• Increasing can greatly improve performance
• Set in pmmgr.properties file replserv option
[replserv]
arguments=-logging 2 –asc 501
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Relatively Unknown
or
Forgotten Features
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Misc Parameters
 -keeptargetlfe (OE 10.2B04)
•
prorest <target-db> <source-bak> [ -keeptargetlfe ]
• Keep target large file enabled (lfe)
• Restores a backup without enabling large files
• By default: Target = Source on restore
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Client Database-Request Statement Caching (OE 10.1C)
 What is it?
• Client execution stack trace dump
• Includes: Line #, procedure name, file name
 When should you use it?
• Diagnosing deployed application problems
• Local and remote access
 What’s in a name?
• Don’t confuse with other “statement caches”
 Documentation
• OpenEdge Data Management: Database Administration
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Enablement – Multi-level activation
promon  R&D 
1. Status Displays ...
18. Client Database-Request Statement Cache ...
Activate
1. Activate For Selected Users
2. Activate For All Users
3. Activate For All Future Users
4. Deactivate For Selected Users
5. Deactivate For All Users
6. Deactivate For All Future Users
View
Location
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7. View Database-Request Statement Cache
8. Specify Directory for Statement Cache Files
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Procedure Call Stack
It’s just a LIFO…
 Top is last procedure executed
 One time full stack
 Bottom is first procedure executed
 Continuous full stack
 Top down, newest to oldest
 Continuous current location
Top
Newest
Oldest
#
Procedure Name
19 : reallyLongNamedInternalProcedure3
12 : reallyLongNamedInternalProcedure2
5 : reallyLongNamedInternalProcedure1
445 : reallyLongNamedInternalProcedure0
1 : /usr1/stmtest/p72340_Untitled1.ped
Bottom
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File Name
proctestb.r
proctestb.r
proctesta.r
proctesta.r
Manual Stack Generation
 Stack also available via “prostack” or “progetstack”
• Useful for “non-responsive” connections
• Available with 10.1c
• Must have access to client’s machine
 kill –SIGUSR1 <pid> (Don’t forget the dash)
• protrace.<pid>
– Startup parameters
– Execution stack
– ** ABL Stack Trace ** (OE 10.2B)
– ** Persistent procedures/Classes **
– ** PROPATH **
– ** Databases (logical/type/physical) **
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Mapping
Get _StorageObject record
Schema
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Table D
Cust Tbl
Index D-2
Index D-1
SRep Idx
Cust# Idx
Name Idx
Index B-1
Index A-1
Table B
Logical
Table A
Object Mapping Cache - OM Latch: OM Lookup and LRU
Mapping
Hash Table
No latching, no paging
-omsize
Primary Cache
Zero contention!
Get _StorageObject record
OM cache loaded at startup
Schema
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Table D
Cust Tbl
Index D-2
Index D-1
SRep Idx
Cust# Idx
Name Idx
Index B-1
Index A-1
Logical
Table B
Table A
Object Mapping Cache - OM Latch: OM Lookup and LRU
Table D
Cust Tbl
Index D-2
Index D-1
SRep Idx
Cust# Idx
Name Idx
Index B-1
Index A-1
Logical
Table B
Table A
Object Mapping Cache - OM Latch: OM Lookup and LRU
Mapping
Hash Table
No latching, no paging
Hash Table
-omsize
Primary Cache
Zero contention!
Secondary Cache
Little contention
2nd cache for over flow & new objects
Schema
© 2013 Progress Software Corporation. All rights reserved.
OM latch needed for
paging maintenance
Get _StorageObject record
OM cache loaded at startup
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OM
How to manage Object Mapping Cache
 Do I have a problem?
define variable prev-latches as integer.
• Check latch statistics
repeat:
find _latch where _latch-name = "MTL_OM".
display _Latch-Name
_Latch-Lock /* # times latch acquired */
Activity
Contention
_Latch-Wait /* # time conflict occurred */
_Latch-Lock - prev-latches label "latch/sec".
prev-latches = _Latch-Lock.
pause 1.
end.
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How to manage Object Mapping Cache
 Do I have a problem?
• Check latch statistics
 Identify proper value
select count(*) from _storageObject
 Set it properly on startup to avoid eviction & latch contention
proserv <db> -omsize <n> …
 Memory used: ~192 bytes per entry
 Default 1024 = ~384K
 This is shared memory; 1 cache per database
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Altering Performance Related Parameters Online
Paramater Name
recspacesearchdepth
lru2Enabled
lruskips
lru2skips
spin
nGovernor
LGovernor
pwqdwlay
pwsdelay
pwscan
pwwmax
client trace level
client trace request
enablelargekeys
Nmsgwait
prefetchFactor
prefetchNumRecs
prefetchPriority
prefetchDelay
Bp (Private Buffers)
TableBase
IndexBase
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promon
Adjust Latch Options
Adjust Latch Options
Adjust Latch Options
Adjust Latch Options
Adjust Latch Options
Adjust Governor options
Adjust Governor options
Adjust Page Writer Options
Adjust Page Writer Options
Adjust Page Writer Options
Adjust Page Writer Options
Client DB-Request Statement Cache
Client DB-Request Statement Cache
Server Options
Server Options
Server Options
Server Options
Server Options
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VST
_ActBuffer. _Buffer-LRUEnabled
_startup._Startup-LRU-Skips
_startup._Startup-LRU2-Skips
_startup._Startup-Spin
_startup._Startup-nGovernor
_startup._Startup-Lgovernor
_startup._Startup-APWQTime
_startup._Startup-APWSTime
_startup_Startup-APWBuffs
_startup._Startup-APWMaxWrites
_connect._Connect-CachingType
_Database-Feature
_startup._Startup-NmsgWait
_startup._Startup-Prefetch-Factor
_startup._Startup-Prefetch-Num-Recs
_startup._Startup-Prefetch-Priority
_startup._Startup-Prefetch-Delay
_myConnect._MyConn-NumSeqBuffers
_statbase._TableBase
_statbase._IndexBase
Increase Resource Startup Parameters Online (OE 10.1C)
proutil <dbname> -C increaseto <- param> <value>
 Parameter list
• -aibuf, -bibufs
 Increase, not decrease
 New segment restrictions
• -B, -B2
• Kernel restrictions apply
• -L
• Security restrictions
• -omsize
• -mtpmsize (OE 11.0)
• -Mxs
– Servers: automatically attach
quickly
– Self serve: attach w/db action
over time
• Minimum segment size created:
128 MB
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© 2013 Progress Software Corporation. All rights reserved.
OpenEdge Database Enhancement Summary
 Major Enhancements
 Little known or forgotten
• Transparent Data Encryption
• Private buffers
• Multi-tenancy
• Om cache (-omsize)
• Changing parameters online
 Other Enhancements
• Runtime tuning
• Utility Performance
• Application insights
• Auditing
52
© 2013 Progress Software Corporation. All rights reserved.
Questions
53
© 2013 Progress Software Corporation. All rights reserved.