Transcript Chapter 4 Ancient India

Chapter 5 Ancient India
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Draw the map on page 107 (in new book).
Make sure you add the mountain ranges,
rivers, oceans. Notate Mount Everest ,
cities, river valleys, and the plains (deltain old book, page 131).
Ancient India
India is a subcontinent or large
landmass that is geographically
separated from the rest of the
continent.
 The Himalayas are the highest
mountains in the ________.
 Mount Everest is the most famous
mountain there.
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Section 1 The Indus and Ganges River
Valleys
These mountains separate the
northern border of India from the
rest of the world.
 What other mountain range
separates India from the rest of the
world? Look on page 131.
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Geography of Ancient India
What 3 bodies of water surround India?
 Does that limit India’s contact with
people? Why not? How did they get to
other areas such as Egypt and
Mesopotamia? Discuss with your group
for 3-5 seconds to determine an answer.
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Geography of Ancient India
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India’s climate is dominated by the
monsoons, strong winds that blow across the
region at certain times of the year.
Winter monsoons blow from the northwest
spreading dry air (these blow October to
May).
Summer monsoons blow in from the Indian
Ocean which pick up moisture from the ocean
and drench the plains and valleys daily.
Draw wind direction on your map.
Geography of Ancient India
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As with Egypt and Mesopotamia’s rivers,
the Indus River floods in the spring
leaving twice as much silt as the Nile.
Farmers are blessed with a hot climate so
they are able to plant twice a year. The
river begins as an icy stream in the
Himalayas and grows into a major river
flowing southwest in a flat plain similar
to the delta in Egypt.
Geography of Ancient Egypt
The Indus spreads out in a drydesert like delta called the Indus Plain
then drains into the Arabian Sea. The
Ganges River flows from the
Himalayas into the Bay of Bengal.
 Which direction do the rivers flow?
 How did the farmers fight the floods?
 How did they fight against wildlife?
 What did they use to scare away the
animals? Pg.132-133
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Geography of Ancient India
Compare the Indus and the Nile rivers.
How are they similar?
 What made it possible for Indus Valley
farmers to harvest crops two times a
year?
 What kinds of terrain does the Indus River
cross from source to mouth?
 Why did the people of the Indus Valley
have to build irrigation canals and walls?
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Geography of Ancient India
From around 2500 B.C. to 1500 B.C. two
Indian cities grew:
 Harappa=named after an Indian god.
 Mohenjo-Daro- was the larger of the two
cities and was located along the banks of
the ________ River.
 Mohenjo-Daro= “Mound of the Dead”
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Early Indian Civilization
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Not much is known about the Harappa
civilization. Scholars have never been
able to decipher the texts found on the
artifacts. However, historians have been
able to piece together a picture of how life
may have been for the people of the
Indus River Valley.
Harappa
400 years after finding Harappa, MohenjoDaro was discovered.
 This was a city that had a least 40,000
people living there. Its design was a
sophisticated city and was well planned.
Your assignment is to read pages 135137. Answer the following questions.
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Mohenjo-Daro
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How was Mohenjo-Daro laid out as a city?
What material did people in Mohenjo-Daro
use to pave streets and construct housing?
What were probably the largest buildings in
the city and what were they used for?
What is a citadel?
What conclusion can you draw from the size
of the grain warehouse?
What evidence can you find to determine a
strong government?
Mohenjo-Daro
For some reason, the cities of MohenjoDaro and Harappa were abandoned.
 Two possibilities exist: an earthquake
changed the flow of the Indus River which
resulted in the loss of crop production.
Second, an earthquake caused major
flooding that destroyed both cities.
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The Newcomer
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As a group, you are to do research on the
following items: Hindu-Kush Mountain,
the Himalayas, Mount Everest, monsoons,
Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro civilizations,
the Indus River, the Ganges River, and the
Arayan people. Each table will have one
item, all have to research, compile the
information, and be ready to present on
Friday. Write this in your agenda.
Assignment
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The newcomers from the north between
2000 and 1500 B.C. were the
______________, which in their language
meant ____________.
The Aryan migrated from central Asia by
crossing the Hindu-Kush Mountains into the
Indus River Valley. They were noted for
herding cattle and sheep on horseback.
Migrate= moving from one place to another
to live.
A New Culture Arises
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The Aryans had a social pyramid, only their
pyramid was more of a rectangle. Later it was
called a caste system- a strict division of classes.
Read on page 111, to create a chart for the caste
system. Explain how the social rectangle change
from just social classes to a caste system.
The Aryans contributed in the way of religion.
The Aryans brought _____________ to this area.
The Hindus religious book is the ____________
which means “knowledge”.
Caste System/Hinduism
 Create
the caste system.
Compare it to the social pyramid
of Egypt.
 Research Hinduism
 Write this in your agenda.
Assignment
Section 2: Hinduism in
Ancient India
Pgs. 114-118
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The Aryans blended with
the Indian culture and out
of this combination of
beliefs and ideas came
Hinduism, one of the
world’s oldest religions.
The Beginnings of Hunduism
___________ became
complex over time with
many different practices.
 ___________ has NO ONE
single founder, but does
have many religious
thinkers.
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Hinduism
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Hindu gods take many different forms,
called Avatars –it is the
representation of a Hindu god or
goddess in human or animal form.
List the 3 most important Hindu
gods and goddesses and what they
reign over.
 Do gods take on an animal form?
Explain. page 114-115
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3 Hindu gods and goddesses
There are two sacred texts important to
Hindusim.
 1. Vedas- several songs that explained life
and how they should live.
 2. Upanishads- means sitting near a
teacher. One important idea in the
Upanishads is reincarnation (or rebirth of
the soul).
 Finish reading info on page 117 on
reincarnation.
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Hinduism
Hindu’s Duties:
 Read on page 117 about the duties. To be
united with one spirit and escape the
cycle of death and rebirth, a person must
obey his or her dharma. Another duty is
ahimsa (or nonviolence). Why are these
important? Explain. There are four main
goals in human life.
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Hinduism
The practice of Hinduism.
 Refer to Hindu website for the practice.
Make sure you take notes on Hinduism for
test.
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Hinduism
Between 1500 B.C. and 500 B.C. Aryan
settlers spread eastward across the Indian
subcontinent. Aryan princes were in
control of much of the subcontinent.
 In the far north, at the base of the
Himalayas, some kingdoms held on to
their freedom by making yearly payments
to the Aryans to the south. Because of
this, many Indians began to look to
answers beyond the Vedas.
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Buddism- The big picture
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Read the history of Siddhartha Gautama
and his quest to enlightenment.
What problem did Siddhartha’s mother’s
dream create?
Why was this a problem?
How did his father try to solve this
problem?
Why did Siddhartha Gautama decide to
leave his palace?
Section 3: The Beginnings of
Buddhism
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What troubling discoveries did Siddhartha
make in his beautiful garden?
What more hopeful discovery did he make
there?
What dilemma did these discoveries
create for Siddhartha?
What did Siddhartha seek?
How long and where did Siddhartha
search?
What means did he explore to find his
answers?
Buddhism
Siddhartha is known as Buddha, or
“Enlightened One”.
 Some of Buddha’s ideas were the same as
Hinduism. For example: the belief of
reincarnation or that people went through
the circle of birth, death, and rebirth.
They also believed in karma- a force
caused by a person’s good and bad acts.
Karma is said to affect future lives.
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Buddhism
Buddhism teaches people to follow the
Eightfold Path also known as the
_____________.
 The Way to End Suffering:
 One cure for human suffering was to give
up selfish desires and follow the Middle
Way, where life was not too strict and not
too easy.
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Buddhism
Illustrate the Eightfold Path using your
book pg. 153 in old textbook.
 Add the two steps at the end of your
illustration Nirvana and Release from
Reincarnation. In new textbook.
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Eightfold Path
Who founded the Maurya Empire?
 What type of power did Chandraugupta
have over his people?
 Illustrate Chandragupta’s reign in a story
web. Use page 126-127 in your book.
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Section 4: The Maurya Empire
Who did Chandragupta pass leadership
to? And then to whom?
 Who did Asoka lead his people like? His
father or grandfather?
 What became a turning point in his
leadership?
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Asoka’s Leadership
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Illustrate Asoka’s leadersip in a T-chart.
Before and after the battle of Kalinga.
Asoka’s Leadership
After the Battle of Kalinga Asoka
converted to Buddhism.
 Create a story web to illustrate Asoka’s
rule over his people.
 What happened to India after Asoka’s
death?
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Asoka the Buddhist Ruler
Chapter 4 test TBA
 India Map test given on same day
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Test Dates