Transcript Document

NEPAL
Nepal is a land of amazing extremes. Altitude ranges from near sea level to the highest point on
the planet- the summit of Mt. Everest at 8848 meters - all within a north-south distance of around
200 kilometers. This extraordinary topographical variation allows Nepal to be home to an equally
diverse flora and fauna. In addition to the superb natural beauty, Nepal is also home to a
remarkable number of ethnic groups, cultures, traditions and languages. It is undoubtedly one of
the finest places in the world to enjoy a relaxing vacation - be it simple sightseeing tours or the
more challenging adventure activities.
Nepal at a Glance:
Area: 147,181 sq. KM.
Geography: Situated between China in the north and India in the south.
Capital: Kathmandu
Population: 29.5 million.
Language: Nepali is the National Language.
Currency: Nepalese Rupee
Political system: Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
Religion: Nepal enjoyed the distinction of being the only Hindu Kingdom in the world. However,
there is harmonious blending of Hinduism and Buddhism with other religion.
People: Nepal has more than 61 ethnic groups and 70 spoken languages.
Climate: Nepal has four major seasons, i.e. Winter; Spring; Summer and Autumn. Nepal can be
visited the whole year round.
Sights of Nepal
The beauty of Nepal can be found everywhere - be it the domineering mountainous terrain or the
mustard fields of the southern plains - in the lakes, river and gorges; in the arts, crafts and architecture;
or in the warm smiles and hospitable nature of the people. Nepal birth place of Lord Buddha, boasts a
large number of world heritage sites, numerous pilgrimage sites to jungle teeming with exotic wildlife, for
adventurous there is rafting to treks in the mountains.
Kathmandu, the capital and the gateway to most of the visitors, is a wonder in itself. Kathmandu Valley,
surrounded by green hills, consists of Kathmandu and two other cities- Patan and Bhaktapur- and
boasts of seven landmarks designated by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites.
Places of Interest –
Kathmandu Valley
Kathmandu Valley comprises the three ancient cities of Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur, which were
once independent states ruled by the Malla kings from the 12th to the 18th centuries. The three cities house
seven UNESCO World Heritage shrines which are together listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site
(Culture). The valley is also home to hundreds of other exquisite monuments, sculptures, artistic temples
and magnificent art – reminders of the golden era in Nepal’s architecture.
Legend has it that the valley was was once a primordial lake ringed by verdant mountains. In this pristine
lake lived giant serpents until one fine day, saint Manjushree, the Bodhisatva, raised a mighty sword and in
one fell swoop, cut open the side of a mountain at a place now known as Chobhar. The voluminous waters
of the lake gushed out, leaving behind a fertile valley capable of supporting large urban settlements over
the millennia. The Gopala and Kirati dynasties were the earliest rulers here followed by the Licchavi (300879 A.D.), under whom flourished trade and crafts.
But the valley’s remarkable cities with their ornate palaces, the superbly crafted pagodas and the
monumental stupas are testimony of the artistic genius of the Newar craftsmen, the original inhabitants of
the valley, whose skills were championed by the Malla kings and appreciated even by the Mongol rulers of
18th century China.
KATHMANDU DURBAR SQUARE
Kathmandu Durbar square, also known as Hanuman Dhoka Durbar, used to be the
residence of the Nepali royal family and administrators. This ancient palace lies in the
heart of the city. It consists of huge Royal Palace with different temples, inside as well
as outside the temple, dating from the 15th to the 18th century.
This palace is named after Hanuman, the monkey god, as a stone statue of Hanuman is
placed right next to the main entrance protecting the whole palace.
Some important monuments seen in this area are:
• The Taleju temple is the tallest of all structures built by King Mahendra Malla in 1549
A.D.
• The Jagannath temple, built in the 16th century, is known for the fascinating erotic
figures carved in the wooden struts.
• The Kala Bhairav, one of the largest 17th century stone statue in Kathmandu ,
represents the terrifying aspect of Shiva.
• The statue of King Pratap Malla is placed atop a stone pillar right across the temple of
Digu Taleju , the royal family deity.
• The 17th century Kumari temple (the temple of the living goddess is an example of the
highly developed Nepali craftsmanship.
• Kastamandap, from which Kathmandu derives its name, is said to have been built
from the timber of a single tree.
Besides these, other fascinating parts of this palace complex is the towering Nautale
Durbar overlooking the beautiful city and the vast Basantapur square. It is famous for its
many intricately carved doors, windows, etc.
Patan Durbar Square
Patan the second – largest city in the valley, lies just across the Bagmati
River from Kathmandu, but it’s a much quieter and less frenetic place to
visit. The city is justly proud of its temples and artisans and it is their
handwork that provides the focus of the stunning Durbar Square – choice –
a-block with the largest display of Newari architecture in Nepal. It includes
the Royal Palace, which contains a richly decorated bathtub and the twotiered brick Jagannarayan Temple. Look up to the roof struts to see
carvings of figures engaged in quite athletic acts of sacred tortoises that
potter around the courtyard, and the Kumbeshawar, reputedly the oldest
(1392) temple in Patan. South of the square is an area of charming streets
lined with metal-miths and brassware shop.
Patan’s other attractions are flung further afield. Among them is a
collection of four stupas, thought to have been built over 2500 years ago,
and Nepal’s only Zoo, which features a reasonable assortment of rhinos,
tigers, leopards and bird life. Palm readers gather in the park outside-they
may be able to point out which animal you’ll be reincarnated as Tibetan
carpets can be bought in Jawalakhel, east of the city. It’s an easy 5 km from
Thamel in Kathmandu to Patan and you can get there by bicycle, taxi, bus
or auto rikshaw.
BHAKTAPUR DURBAR SQUARE (UNESCO World Heritage Site):
Among the three durbar squares, the Bhaktapur Durbar Square is by far the most elegant with
its large open space facing south. The 15th century Palace of 55 Carved Windows and the
palace entrance, the Golden Gate - a masterpiece in repousse art - have added splendour to
this palace square which consists of buildings dating from the 13th century to the 18th century.
The extraordinary Durbar Square with its extraordinary monuments reflects the glory days of
the Malla dynasty when art and architecture thrived in the three cities of the valley. In front of
the palace building are innumerable temples and architectural showpieces like the Lion Gate,
the statue of King Bhupatindra Malla mounted on a giant stone pillar and the Batsala Temple.
The stone temple of Batsala Devi is full of intricate carvings and is a beautiful example of
Shikhara-style architecture. There is a bronze bell on the terrace of the temple, which is also
known as the Bell of Barking Dogs. Erected by King Ranjit Malla in 1737, its sounding
announced the beginning and end of a daily curfew.
NYATAPOLA TEMPLE:
The unique temple of Bhaktapur, the Nyatapola literally means ‘five storied’ and rises above the
city’s landscape as a remarkable landmark. It also has the distinction of having withstood the
devastating earthquake of 1933. Dedicated to a tantric goddess, the steps leading up to the
temple are flanked by stone sculptures of deities and mythical beasts, each 10 times more
powerful than the one immediately below.
BHAIRAVNATH TEMPLE:
Dedicated to Bhairav, the God of Terror, the three-storied temple of Bhairavnath has only the
head of Bhairav in the inner sanctum.
DATTATREYA SQUARE :
It takes its name from the Dattatreya Temple dedicated to a three-headed combination of the
Hindu deities Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva.
CHANGU NARAYAN TEMPLE (World Heritage Monument):
It is situated on a ridge overlooking Bhaktapur, about 12 km to the east of Kathmandu.
Dedicated to the Hindu god Vishnu, it is one of the oldest specimens of pagoda architecture in
the valley. The temple dating from the Licchavi period is embellished with exquisite wood and
stone carvings.
Swoyambhunath Stupa
Located on a lovely little hillock, Swoyambhunath Stupa lies about 4
km west of central Kathmandu. There are 360 steps leading all the
way to the top commanding a magnificent view of Kathmandu
Valley and the breathtaking panorama of the snow clad Himalayan
range. The tradition in the Stupa follows the Vajrayana form of
Buddism which is a trantic variation of the Mahayana Buddhism
(the great vehicle). The Stupa seem to have been constructed
during the Licchavi period. Religious and literally sources give
numerous accounts of the establishment and the patronage of the
Swoyambhunath premises. It is also interesting to note that the
Stupa went a series of renovation during the Malla period in the
medieval times with donations made by merchants, monks, pilgrims
and Buddhist followers.
The stupa of Swoyambhunath stands on a typically stylized lotus
mandala base. The hemispherical part of the chaitya is made of
brick and stone and on top of the hemispherical part lies the
hermika which carries the eyes of Vairochana watching in all the
directions and believed to have been painted in the Malla period.
The stupa is also laden with the 13 gold plated spires which
symbolizes the 13 stages to salvation. The spire is crowded by
golden umbrella supported by a pole from within the center.
Devotees pour lime down the chaitya to cure illness of family
members.
Pashupatinath Temple
Pashupatinath temple is one of the biggest
Hindu temples of Lord Shiva in the world,
located on the banks of the Bagmati River in the
eastern part of Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal.
The temple served as the seat of the national
deity, Lord Pashupatinath, until Nepal was
secularized.
Bouddhanath Stupa
Bouddhanath is among the largest stupas in South Asia, and it has
become the focal point of Tibetan Buddhism in Nepal. The white
mound looms thirty-six meters overhead.
Many people believe that Bouddhanath was constructed in the fifth
century, but definite proof is lacking. The stupa is said to entomb
the remains of a Kasyap sage who is venerable both to Buddhists
and Hindus.
The Bouddha area is a visual feast. Colorful thangkas, Tibetan
jewellery, hand-woven carpets, masks, and khukuri knives are sold
in the surrounding stalls. Smaller stupas are located at the base.
Gompa monasteries, curio shops, and restaurants surround
Bouddhanath. Conveniently situated restaurants with roof-top
patios provide good food and excellent views of Bouddhanath.
Pokhara
Pokhara’s bewitching beauty has been the subject of many travel writers. Its pristine air,
spectacular backdrop of snowy peaks, serene lakes and surrounding greenery make it ‘the
jewel in the Himalaya’, a place of remarkable natural beauty. With the magnificent Annapurna
range forming the backdrop and the serenity of three major lakes – Phewa, Rupa and
Begnas – Pokhara is the ultimate destination for relaxation. Pokhara Valley, gateway to the
Annapurna region where many a trekker finds his Shangri-la, sits high on the list of ‘must
visit’ places in Nepal.
Mountain Views:
Pokhara is blessed with stunning panoramic views of the Annapurna range which forms its
backdrop. The mesmerizing Machhapuchhre also called Mt. Fishtail dominates the scenery
because of its proximity to the valley and can be seen from anywhere in Pokhara. Stretching
from east to west, the Annapurna massif includes Annapurna 1 to IV and Annapurna South.
Further away are seen the giants, Dhaulagiri (8,167m) and Manaslu (8,163m).
Phewa Lake:
Pokhara owes its popularity to the enchanting Phewa Lake, and along its eastern shore has
grown the Lakeside or Baidam, a thriving resort town of hotels, restaurants, bars and
souvenir shops that allow travelers to relax and enjoy.
Seti:
An amazing aspect of Pokhara is the vanishing river, Seti, which goes underground and
disappears in many places along its route through the city. At various points Seti is barely 2 m
wide but its depth reaches an astonishing 20 m! A good spot for watching the river is
Mahendra Pul at Bhimsen Chowk, a bridge near the old Mission Hospital.
Devi’s Fall:
Locally known as the Patale Chhango, Devi’s Fall is a fascinating waterfall located about 2
km south-west of Pokhara Airport on the Siddhartha Highway.
World Peace Pagoda:
The World Peace Pagoda can be seen on top of a hill on the southern fringe of Phewa Lake.
It has four images of the Buddha facing the four directions. The dome-shaped pagoda is an
impressive sight, and its hilltop location commands a great view. It is a great vantage point
which offers spectacular views of the Annapurna.
Chitwan
Chitwan literally means “heart of the jungle”. In recent years Chitwan tops the list of things to
do in Asia. It is a truly wildlife adventure of a different kind – jungle safaris on elephant backs or
jeeps, birdwatching, canoe rides and jungle walks.
The Chitwan National Park is Asia’s best preserved conservation area, where wildlife thrives
and their habitats remain intact. Only half-hour flight from Kathmandu, the park lies in the Inner
Terai lowlands and consists of Sal forests, tall elephant grasslands, hills, ox-box lakes and
flood plains of the Narayani, Rapti and Reu rivers. Enlisted as a UNESCO World Heritage Site
(Natural) in 1984, the park spreads over an area of 932 sq. km.
EXPERIENCING WILDLIFE:
The park is home to 56 species of mammals, 49 species of amphibians and reptiles, and 525
species of birds. Wildlife found here include endangered species like the one-horned
rhinoceros and the Royal Bengal tiger, gaur, wild elephant, four-horned antelope, leopard,
sloth bear, wild boar, rhesus monkey, grey langur monkey, wild dog, small wild cats, and many
other smaller animals. Also found here are cobras, kraits and pythons. The swampy areas and
numerous oxbow lakes of Chitwan provide a home for the marsh mugger crocodiles. In a
stretch of the Narayani River are found one of the few remaining populations of the rare and
endangered fish-only eating gharial, or Gangetic crocodile. Also found here is one of the
world’s four species of freshwater dolphins.
BIRDWATCHING :
The park is a great place to watch colorful birds like woodpecker, hornbill, Bengal florican and
red-headed trogon. Winter birds such as waterfowls, Brahminy duck, pintails and bareheaded
geese are drawn by the sanctuary of the park’s rivers. In summers, the forest is alive with
nesting migrants such as the fabulous paradise flycatcher, the Indian pitta and parakeets.
Winter birds include migratory birds from Siberia.
JUNGLE SAFARI :
A typical jungle safari includes wildlife safari on elephants, canoe ride to watch the crocodiles
and water birds, rural tour to view the lifestyle of the indigenous Tharu people, and nature
walks to see the exotic flora and fauna. Apart from the jungle safari, the Elephant Breeding
Center and Gharial Crocodile Farm, where these animals and reptiles have been successfully
bred in captivity, are worth a visit.
TREKKING CHEPANG HILL TRAIL:
Chitwan midhills, home of the indigenous Chepangs, provide interesting trekking tours leading
to rustic Chepang villages, birdwatching opportunities and wonderful views of the mountains
and the surrounding hills and plains.
Lumbini
Lumbini, the birthplace of Lord Buddha, in the Terai plains of Nepal is one of the
greatest pilgrimage sites for Buddhists. More than 400,000 Buddhists and non
Buddhists visit Lumbini every year. It is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site (Culture)
and holds immense archeological and religious importance.
Sacred Garden: It was here in the gardens of Lumbini that Prince Siddhartha
Gautam, who later became the Buddha, was born in 623 BC. The nativity site is
marked by a commemorative pillar erected by Mauryan Emperor Ashoka of India
during his pilgrimage to the holy site in 249 BC.
The inscription on the Ashoka Pillar indentifies the Sacred Garden - spread over 9
sq. km – as the spot where the Enlightened One was born. A large number of
Buddhist pilgrims from all over the world visit Lumbini to pray at the Mayadevi
Temple where excavations have revealed the “marker stone” showing the exact
spot where Siddhartha Gautam Buddha was born. The sacred Puskarni Pond
where Queen Mayadevi had taken a bath before the birth of Buddha lies to the
south of the pillar. It was also in this pond that the infant Buddha was given his first
bath.
Monuments: To the north of the Sacred Garden are monastic zones where
different countries have built temples and monasteries depicting different sects of
Buddhism. The Myanmar Temple (Lokamani Cula Pagoda) is a shiny gold and white
structure that resembles the Shwe-dagon Pagoda of Yangon while the
International Gautami Nuns Temple is a replica of the Swayambhu Stupa of
Kathmandu.
The China Temple, built by the Buddhist Association of China, is a complex of
pagodas, prayer rooms and meditation cells. Across the road is the Dae Sung Suk
Ga Sa Korean Temple. The Japan Peace Stupa, built by Nippon Jon Kyohoji of
Japan, is a 41-m tall structure with four different Buddha statues set into the
stupa’s dome facing the four cardinal directions.
Everest Region
The Everest region is located in the northeast of Nepal. The 10-day walk
through the middle hills of Solu to the higher altitudes of Khumbu to the base of
Sagarmatha, or Mt. Everest, the world’s highest peak, is an opportunity to
observe and participate in the daily life of the legendary Sherpa people. The
prime attraction – the 8,848 m peak of Mt. Everest – lies in Sagarmatha
National Park, which is also home to two other eight thousanders – Lhotse and
Cho Oyu – besides several other prominent peaks above 6,000 m.
Designated as a World Heritage Site in 1979, much of the 1,148 sq. km park
lies above 3,000 m. The park is composed of rugged terrain with deep gorges,
glaciers and huge rocks. The vegetation in the park changes from pine,
hemlock, fir, juniper, birch, rhododendron and shrubs to alpine plants and then
to bare rock and snow. It is home to the ghoral, tahr, serow and musk deer as
well as the impeyan pheasant, blood pheasant, red-billed chough and the
yellow-billed chough.
The trail to Everest also begins at Lukla, the airport at 2,850 m. The trail climbs
up the Dudhkoshi River Valley, and the following day brings you to the
legendary Sherpa village of Namche Bazaar in the Khumbu (3,500 m), which is
the staging point for expeditions to Everest and other peaks in the area. Above
Namche lie the traditional villages of Khunde and Khumjung. Khumjung which
is the largest village in the Khumbu lies at the foot of the sacred peak Khumbila.
The Khunde Hospital, maintained by Himalayan Trust, and Khumjung School,
the original Hillary School set up in 1960, lie here.
Across the canyon from Khunde, perched on a high ridge, is the Tengboche
Monastery, the leading Buddhist center in the Khumbu. The monastery rests
amid stunning views of Everest, Lhotse and Ama Dablam. Pines, azaleas and
colorful mountain rhododendrons ring the attractive monastery. There are rest
houses, lodges and camping sites here.
From Tengboche you can continue on to Pheriche, Kala Pattar and the hamlet
of Gorakshep. From here, the site of Everest Base Camp is easily accessible,
as is the summit of Kala Pattar (5,545 m), from which much of Mt. Everest is
clearly visible.
Annapurna Region
The Annapurna Region in north western Nepal has been
touted as having the world’s best trekking routes. From the
lake city of Pokhara, popular treks lead to Jomsom,
Annapurna Base Camp, Mustang, Manang and around the
Annapurna mountain. Short treks to Sikles and Ghandruk are
just as popular. The Annapurna region is an area of
contrasts comprising the wettest, driest and windiest places
in Nepal.
The Annapurna Circuit:
It is by far the most popular and requires a minimum of about
three weeks to go around the Annapurna massif. What
makes this trek so special is that you can look up to
something new in scenery everyday. The Annapurna
Conservation Area begins at 790 m and reaches a high of
8,091 m, the summit of Mount Annapurna I, the world’s 10th
tallest peak. The area encompasses forested middle
mountain, high Himalaya and trans-Himalayan desert
plateau similar to the landscape in Tibet as you move north.
The lower elevations are dotted by Gurung, Magar, Thakali
and Brahmin villages while Tibetan cultural influence
becomes apparent as you go north.
The trek goes counter-clockwise from Besi Sahar, off the
Pokhara-Kathmandu Highway, to Naya Pool, and reaches its
high point at Thorong La, a pass at 5,416 m. On the way, you
pass through stunning mountain scenery – Manaslu,
Langtang Himal, Annapurna II and IV, Annapurna III, and,
Annapurna I and Dhaulagiri. In between these two 8,000 m
peaks lies the dramatic Kali Gandaki gorge – the deepest in
the world.
Langtang Region
Langtang is one of the nearest trekking destinations from
Kathmandu and is an unparalleled combination of natural
beauty and cultural riches. Langtang lies about 130 km north
of the Kathmandu Valley close to the border with Tibet, China.
It is Nepal’s first national park, and lies between the
Himalayan range to the north, dominated by Langtang Lirung
(7,245 m), the highest peak in the area, and smaller peaks to
the south – Chimse Danda (ridge), Ganja La pass (5,122 m),
Jugal Himal and Dorje Lakpa (6,989 m).
The trek here is more adventurous as the area is visited by
fewer tourists. Apart from the spectacular scenery, a visit to
the area is an opportunity to explore the lifestyle and culture
of the Tamangs, whose craftsmanship, language, dress and
houses bear their uniqueness. Langtang is also known for its
many glaciers – of which there are more than 70 of varying
sizes – and high altitude lakes that include Gosainkunda,
Parvatikunda, Bhairavkunda and Dudhkunda. The forests in
the region have temperate and sub-alpine vegetation. Wildlife
includes migratory birds, deer, monkeys, tahr and pika.
The Langtang River passes through the high, gentle
Langtang Valley before emptying in a raging torrent into the
Bhote Kosi River through a long, narrow defile at the west
end of the valley. Whereas the major rivers of Nepal flow
south from Tibet cutting through the Himalayan chain, the
Langtang River, a major tributary of the Trisuli Ganga, flows
east to west, cutting, as it were, across the grain of the
country. The Trisuli, or Bhote Kosi as it becomes above
Dhunche, forms an important corridor and ancient trade route
through the mountains between the Ganesh and Langtang
Himal, to Kerong in Tibet.
Hill Stations
Nagarkot
Nagarkot is Located 35 kilometers east of Kathmandu at an elevation of 2,220
meters from sea level, it is one of the most scenic hills station well-known for
wonderful sunrise view of the Himalaya during the weather clear. It is best to
spend the night so that you can be there for the wonderful sunrise early
morning. Nagarkot is nearest spots from Kathmandu valley to view Mount
Everest (8,848m) as well as other snow-topped peaks of the Himalayan range
of eastern Nepal. Nagarkot is a unique and delightful destination for short hiking
and trekking. For anyone who wants to have little adventure trip without
preparation, a hike to Nagarkot's surrounding areas would be a good option.
One can traverse short distances on trekking trails and come close to nature's
wonders such as the outer of green forests, flower-covered meadows and
unusual rock structure through short trekking package to Nagarkot. Spring
season flowers are beautiful against the peaceful backdrop of the snowcovered mountains.
Dhulikhel
Dhulikhel (1,550m) is a scenic and ancient town situated 30 kilometers east of
Kathmandu on the Arniko Rajmarg (Kathmandu Kodari Highway). From here
one has a panoramic view of the Himalayan range. From the main town, a short
visit to Namobuddha, with the stupa and Buddhist Monastery, is highly
recommended. Panauti, a village noted for its numerous temples with
magnificent woodcarvings, is a short distance from Dhulikhel.
Namo Buddha
It is situated on a hill above Panauti at an elevation of 1,750m. It requires an
easy drive or good walk to get here. There is an amazing story concerned with
the Buddha which is commemorated by an ancient stone slab and a Stupa with
the all- seeing eyes of Lord Buddha. According to the legend, one of the earlier
Buddha offered his own flesh to a hungry tiger unable to feed her hungry cubs.
It is also a three hour trekking from Dhulikhel through a number of small
villages.