Transcript file - Piazza

Building Java Programs
Chapter 6:
File Processing
File input using Scanner
reading: 6.1 - 6.2
Token Based File Processing
Most every piece of software you use handles files. Eclipse handles .java
and other files. Word handles .doc files. Music apps use .mp3 or other
format files.
1
File Objects
•
•
•
•
The File class in the java.io package represents files.
import java.io.*;
I/O stands for Input/Output.
You can create a File object to get information about a file.
File f = new File("example.txt");
if ( f.canRead() )
System.out.printf("found file, size is %d\n",
f.length() );
else
System.out.println(“File named example.txt not found.”);
• Creating a File object does not create a new file.
Use canRead(), not exists() because if you give it a
directory name, it exists but can’t be read.
2
File Object methods:
File f = new File("example.txt");
Creating a File object does not create a new file. It contains info
about the file. This is metadata.
Method name
Description
f.canRead()
returns whether file is able to be read
f.delete()
removes file from disk
f.exists()
whether this file exists on disk
f.getName()
returns file's name
f.length()
returns number of bytes in file
f.renameTo(file)
changes name of file
f.isFile()
Is this a normal file?
f.isDirectory()
Is this a directory?
f.getAbsolutePath()
The full path name: e.g.
C:\docs\bob\160\L20\example.txt
Relative vs. Absolute Paths
• When you specify just a file name, it looks in your
current directory (Java project).
"example.txt"
• You can specify file names with relative path names:
"src/FileTest.java"
"../Paintings/spiral.gif“
(Go up one directory then down to
Paintings/spiral.gif.)
• or absolute path names:
"C:/docs/bob/160/L20/example.txt"
• Windows uses backslashes but Unix machines use
forward slashes. Java allows either!
4
Use a Scanner to read a File
•
To read a file, create a File object and pass it as a parameter when constructing a
Scanner. This scanner will have all the functionality we had before and more.
•
General syntax:
File <fname> = new File("<file name>"));
Scanner <sname> new Scanner(<fname>);
•
Example:
File f = new File("example.txt");
Scanner input = new Scanner(f);
or just:
Scanner input = new Scanner( new File("example.txt") );
Read an int from the file: .
int val = input.nextInt();
Scanner objects can connect to
•
System.in (the Console, as done before)
•
A file (as we are seeing now).
•
A string (discussed later)
5
• Methods of Scanner for a file are the same as we have seen for
console input:
Method
Description
nextInt()
reads and returns an int value
nextDouble()
reads and returns a double value
next()
reads and returns the next token* as a String
nextLine()
reads and returns the next line of input as a String
Method Name
hasNext()
Description
whether any more tokens remain
hasNextDouble()
whether the next token can be interpreted
as type double
hasNextInt()
whether the next token can be interpreted
as type int
hasNextLine()
whether any more lines remain in the file
* A token on input is any contiguous data separated by white space. We will see
examples later. hasNext and hasNextLine can each return false. Console could not.
6
Almost correct program to read a file
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
// for File
// for Scanner
public class FileTest {
public static void main(String[] args){
File f = new File("example.txt");
Scanner input = new Scanner(f);
while (input.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(input.next());
}
Line 8 This will be
explained in the next two
slides.
}
}
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.Error: Unresolved compilation problem:
Unhandled exception type FileNotFoundException
at FileTest.main(FileTest.java:8)
This does not say that an exception occurred, it says that connecting a Scanner
to a file can cause an exception to occur. The system wants you to recognize
this fact and check for a possible exception. There are several ways to take care
of exceptions, we will use the easiest one.
7
Checked Exceptions
• Earlier we saw some common exceptions:
IllegalArgumentException
ArithmeticException
InputMismatchException
StringIndexOutOfBoundsException
• The idea of these is: “A bad thing has happened.
Kill the program and print
an error message.” Usually these are problems that a good programmer will and
does handle by using tests. Compiler assumes that the programmer will handle
these. Compile the program as usual.
if ( n != 0 && h/n = 3 ) // do not divide if n is 0.
if (s1.length() >= 2 && s2.length() >= 2 // check the string lengths before indexing.
&& s1.endsWith(s2.substring(s2.length() - 2))) {
• Java also has some exceptions designated as
"Checked Exceptions": FileNotFoundException
• The idea of these is:
"A good programmer should handle these situations using a catch clause or
throwing it up to the next level. Don't compile their program if they don’t."
8
Easiest way to handle checked exception: Throw the exception up to the next
method to handle it if it occurs.
The following compiles and will at least start running. An exception may then
occur.
import java.io.*;
// for File
import java.util.*; // for Scanner
public class FileTest {
This says that if an exception
public static void main(String[] args) occurs, it will be thrown up to
throws FileNotFoundException
the next level to be handled.
{
File f = new File("example.txt");
Scanner input = new Scanner(f);
while (input.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(input.next());
}
}}
In the above main() does not handle an exception if it occurs so it throws the
exception up to the operating system which prints the usual message if the error
occurs.
10 20 30
A file named example.txt does exist, so no exception occurs.
40 50
A file named example.txt exists, so no exception occurs. The program runs.
import java.io.*;
// for File
import java.util.*; // for Scanner
public class FileTest {
public static void main(String[] args)
throws FileNotFoundException
{
File f = new File("example.txt");
Scanner input = new Scanner(f);
while (input.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(input.next());
}
}}
Example.txt:
10 20 30
40 50
60
Output:
10
20
30
40
50
60
10 20 30
40 50
Easiest way to handle checked exception: Throw the exception up to the next
method to handle it if it occurs. If no method handles it we get the usual
FileNotFoundException.
import java.io.*;
// for File
Changed the file
import java.util.*; // for Scanner
name to grab.txt
public class FileTest {
which does not
exist.
public static void main(String[] args)
throws FileNotFoundException
{
File f = new File(“grab.txt");
Scanner input = new Scanner(f);
while (input.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(input.next());
}
}}
Error occurs
here, when
trying to
attach a
scanner to
the nonexistent file
In the above main() does not handle it so it throws the exception up to the
operating system which prints the usual message if the error occurs.
Exception in thread "main" java.io.FileNotFoundException: grab.txt (The system
cannot find the file specified)
at java.io.FileInputStream.open(Native Method)
at java.io.FileInputStream.<init>(Unknown Source)
at java.util.Scanner.<init>(Unknown Source)
11
at FileTest.main(FileTest.java:8)
Exceptions
• exception: An object that represents a program error.
– Programs that contain invalid logic cause (or "throw") exceptions.
– Trying to read a file that does not exist will throw an exception.
• checked exception: An error that Java forces us to handle or explicitly
choose not to handle in our program (otherwise it will not compile).
– We must specify what our program will do to handle any potential file I/O
failures. We must either:
• declare that our program will handle ("catch") the exception, using a try catch
block or
• explicitly state that we choose not to handle the exception
(and we accept that our program will crash if an exception occurs)
by adding a throws clause. We will use the throws clause for a while.
• throws clause, general syntax for a method that could throw an
exception:
public static <type> <name>(<params>) throws <type> {
– When doing file I/O, we use FileNotFoundException.
12
public static void main(String[] args)
throws FileNotFoundException {
• Finding these exceptions:
– Read the exception text for line numbers in your code
(the first line that mentions your method; often near the bottom):
Exception in thread "main" java.util.FileNotFoundException
at java.util.Scanner.throwFor(Scanner.java:838)
This is called at java.util.Scanner.next(Scanner.java:1347)
the runtime at MyProgram.myMethodName(MyProgram.java:19)
at MyProgram.main(MyProgram.java:6)
stack
Note 1: This is the Scanner
method that originally found
Note 2: Then this method was
and threw the exception.
returned to and threw the
exception up to the next level.
Note 3: Then this
method.
Note 4:Finally main()
threw it to the
operating system
which printed the
message
Scanner exceptions
Exception in thread "main" java.util. FileNotFoundException
at java.util.Scanner.throwFor(Scanner.java:838)
This is called at java.util.Scanner.next(Scanner.java:1347)
the runtime at MyProgram.myMethodName(MyProgram.java:19)
stack
at MyProgram.main(MyProgram.java:6)
Invert the runtime stack for bubble analogy.
Finally bubbles up to operating system which prints
the message.
at MyProgram.main(MyProgram.java:6)
Continues
bubbling
at MyProgram.myMethodName(MyProgram.java:19)
at java.util.Scanner.next(Scanner.java:1347)
at java.util.Scanner.throwFor(Scanner.java:838)
Exception occurs here. Does not handle it, it bubbles up to he next method.
Throwing exception syntax
• throws clause, general syntax:
public static <type> <name>(<params>) throws
<type> {
– When doing file I/O, we use FileNotFoundException.
public static void main(String[] args)
throws FileNotFoundException {
• Like saying, “I know this method may cause the program to
crash but I am not going to handle the problem. Some
method that called me should handle this if it happens or the
program will crash.”
• In this case, main() is throwing the exception which means the
operating system will handle it and you will get this if the file is
not found:
Exception in thread "main" java.util.
FileNotFoundException
15
import java.io.*;
// for File
import java.util.*; // for Scanner
public class FileTest {
public static void main(String[] args)
throws FileNotFoundException {
File f = new File("example.txt");
Scanner input = new Scanner(f);
while (input.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(input.next());
}
}
}
Contents of file example.txt:
16.2 23.5
19.1 7.4 22.8
18.5 -1.8 14.9
Output:
16.2
23.5
19.1
7.4
22.8
18.5
-1.8
14.9
Note: When input.hasNext() is false it
means that the end of the file has
been reached. Thus, we have no
need for a sentinel value, the EOF
(End Of File) marker is the built-in
sentinel that hasNext() recognizes as
being at the end of the file and returns
false.
16
6.2 Details of Token-Based Processing
If the file consists only of tokens that can be processed individually, token-based
processing is the best bet. If you find yourself using input.nextLine(), that is line
based processing (Section 6.3) and should not be used with token-based
processing. This will be explained in Section 6.3.
Files and input cursor
• Consider a file numbers.txt that contains this text:
308.2
14.9 7.4
3.9 4.7
2.8
2.8
-15.4
• A Scanner views all input as a stream of characters, which it
processes with its input cursor:
– 308.2\n
14.9 7.4
2.8\n\n\n3.9 4.7 -15.4\n2.8\n
^
– When you call the methods of the Scanner such as next(),
nextInt() or nextDouble(), the Scanner returns the next token.
17
Adding a data file to an Eclipse project.
Just copy the file and paste it into the project. It will automatically go into the
JRE System Library [jre6] because its extension is not .java.
Do not open the file and copy the contents.
The way that seems to always work on any system is to save the file onto the
Desktop (or other folder on the disk). Then go to the Desktop (or get into
Windows Explorer), find the file, right click on it and choose Copy. Then right
click on the project in Eclipse and choose Paste.
Example file on a web page: hamlet.txt
Right click on it and save the file onto your disk. Then copy and paste it from
your disk to the appropriate project. Just as you do with .java files.
Do not open the data file and try to copy and paste the contents into your java
project. That will not work. Java knows by the file contents if it is a java file
because it contains the line public class FileTest. Your data file will not
have that line so java does not know what it is. It will probably treat it as a
“snippet” and put it into the snippet folder.
18
Input tokens
• token: A unit of user input. Tokens are separated by
whitespace (spaces, tabs, new lines).
• Example: If an input file contains the following:
23
3.14
"John Smith"
– The tokens in the input are the following, and can be
interpreted as the given types:
Token
Type(s)
1. 23
int, double, String
2. 3.14
double, String
3. "John
String
4. Smith" String
Note: The double quotes are just input
characters, outside Java they have no
meaning as string delimiters.
19
Consuming tokens
• Each call to next, nextInt, nextDouble, etc. advances the
cursor to the position just after the end of the current token,
skipping over any whitespace.
We call this consuming input.
308.2\n
14.9 7.4 2.8\n\n\n3.9 4.7 -15.4\n2.8EOF
^
double q =input.nextDouble();
308.2\n
14.9 7.4 2.8\n\n\n3.9 4.7 -15.4\n2.8EOF
^
q contains 308.2
double r =
input.nextDouble();
308.2\n
14.9 7.4 2.8\n\n\n3.9 4.7 -15.4\n2.8EOF
^
r contains 14.9
EOF is the end of file marker that is put onto the end of every file. If you try
to read it or read beyond it, you will get an error.
20
File input question
• Consider an input file named numbers.txt that contains the
following text:
308.2
14.9 7.4
3.9 4.7
2.8
2.8
-15.4
• Write a program that reads the first 5 values from this file and
prints them along with their sum. Its output:
number = 308.2
number = 14.9
number = 7.4
number = 2.8
number = 3.9
Sum = 337.19999999999993
Note: Round off error causes the Sum to look like this.
21
File input answer
// Displays the first 5 numbers in the given file,
// and displays their sum at the end.
import java.io.*;
// for File, FileNotFoundException
import java.util.*;
public class Echo {
public static void main(String[] args)
throws FileNotFoundException {
Scanner input = new Scanner(new File("numbers.txt"));
double sum = 0.0;
for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
double next = input.nextDouble();
System.out.println("number = " + next);
sum += next;
}
System.out.println("Sum = " + sum);
}
}
22
What if the file only contained 3 values?
308.2
14.9 7.4
This basically means that we attempted to
read beyond the end of file marker. We hit the
end of file marker when there is no data left in
the file.
number = 308.2
number = 14.9
number = 7.4
Exception in thread "main" java.util.NoSuchElementException
at java.util.Scanner.throwFor(Unknown Source)
at java.util.Scanner.next(Unknown Source)
at java.util.Scanner.nextDouble(Unknown Source)
at Echo.main(Echo.java:13)
23
Testing before reading
• The preceding program is impractical because it only
processes exactly 5 values from the input file.
– A better program would read the entire file, regardless of
how many values it contains.
• Reminder: The Scanner has useful methods for
testing to see what the next input token will be:
Method Name
Description
hasNext()
whether any more tokens remain
hasNextDouble()
whether the next token can be
interpreted as type double
hasNextInt()
whether the next token can be
interpreted as type int
hasNextLine()
whether any more lines remain
24
Test existence of value before reading it question
• Rewrite the previous program so that it reads the
entire file. Assume that the file contains only double
values. Its output:
number = 308.2
number = 14.9
number = 7.4
number = 2.8
number = 3.9
number = 4.7
number = -15.4
number = 2.8
Sum = 329.29999999999995
25
Test before read answer
// Displays each number in the given file,
// and displays their sum at the end.
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
public class Echo2 {
public static void main(String[] args)
throws FileNotFoundException {
Scanner input = new Scanner(new
File("numbers.dat"));
double sum = 0.0;
while (input.hasNextDouble()) {
double next = input.nextDouble();
System.out.println("number = " + next);
sum += next;
number
}
number
System.out.println("Sum = " + sum);
number
}
number
}
number
26
= 308.2
= 14.9
= 7.4
= 2.8
= 3.9
number = 4.7
number = -15.4
number = 2.8
Sum = 329.299999
File processing question
• Modify the preceding program again so that it will handle
files that contain non-numeric tokens.
– The program should skip any such tokens.
• For example, the program should produce the same output as
before when given this input file:
308.2 hello
14.9 7.4 bad stuff 2.8
3.9 4.7 oops -15.4
:-)
2.8 @#*($&
27
number = 308.2
number = 14.9
number = 7.4
number = 2.8
number = 3.9
number = 4.7
number = -15.4
number = 2.8
Sum = 329.29999999999995
File processing answer
// Displays each number in the given file,
// and displays their sum at the end.
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
public class Echo3 {
public static void main(String[] args)
throws FileNotFoundException {
Scanner input = new Scanner(new File("numbers.dat"));
double sum = 0.0;
while (input.hasNext()) { // Is there is another token?
if (input.hasNextDouble()) {
double next = input.nextDouble();
System.out.println("number = " + next);
sum += next;
} else {
input.next();
// consume & throw away bad token
}
}
System.out.println("Sum = " + sum);
}
}
28
File processing question
• Write a program that accepts an input file containing integers
representing daily high temperatures.
Example input file: weather.dat
42 45 37 49 38 50 46 48 48 30 45 42 45 40 48
• Your program should print the difference between each
adjacent pair of temperatures, such as the following:
29
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
Temperature
changed
changed
changed
changed
changed
changed
changed
changed
changed
changed
changed
changed
changed
changed
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
by
3 deg F
-8 deg F
12 deg F
-11 deg F
12 deg F
-4 deg F
2 deg F
0 deg F
-18 deg F
15 deg F
-3 deg F
3 deg F
-5 deg F
8 deg F
File processing answer
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
public class TemperaturesPrevCurrent {
public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
Scanner input = new Scanner(new File("weather.dat"));
int prevTemp = input.nextInt();
while (input.hasNextInt()) {
int currentTemp = input.nextInt();
System.out.println("Temperature changed by " +
(prevTemp - currentTemp) + " deg F");
prevTemp = currentTemp;
} }}
This pattern of keeping a current value and the previous value is common in
programming.
30
Input Cursor
• A Scanner views all input as a stream of characters.
• The current position is called the input cursor.
10 20 30\n40 50\n\n60\n
^
input.next()
->
10
10 20 30\n40 50\n\n60\n
^
input.next()
->
20
10 20 30\n40 50\n\n60\n
^
input.next()
->
30
10 20 30\n40 50\n\n60\n
^
 Calling next() is called "consuming input".
31
Example: Reading in the name of the file to be processed. This program finds
the average of the numbers in the file.
public static void
main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
// get the filename
Scanner console = new Scanner(System.in);
example.txt
System.out.print("File: "); // prompt
String filename = console.next();
10 20 30
// read and process the file
40 50
int sum = 0;
60
int count = 0;
File f = new File(filename);
Scanner input = new Scanner(f);
console
while (input.hasNextInt()) {
File: example.txt
int d = input.nextInt();
Sum is: 210.0
sum += d;
Count is: 6
count++;
Average is: 35.0
}
System.out.println("Sum is: " + sum);
System.out.println("Count is: " + count);
System.out.println("Average is: " + (double)sum/count);
}}
Review reading the file
public static void
main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException {
File f = new File("example.txt");
Scanner input = new Scanner(f);
while (input.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(input.next());
}
}
example.txt
10 20 30
40 50
60
output:
10
20
30
40
50
60
Notice: No need for a sentinel. hasNext is false if
there is no more data in the file.
33
Review: Working With Files
• Create a File object:
File f = new File("example.txt");
• Open the file for reading with a Scanner object:
Scanner input = new Scanner(f);
• For now, just throw the FileNotFoundException to whoever
called you.
{
. . . method(. . .) throws FileNotFoundException
. . .
Scanner input = new Scanner(f);
. . .
}
34
Mixing token and line processing
Don’t do it
Token based methods
nextInt()
nextDouble()
next()
Never the
twain (two)
shall meet,
at least
almost
never.
hasNextInt()
hasNextDouble()
hasNext()
Line based methods
nextLine()
hasNextLine()
Skip the remainder of these notes.
They deal with why you should not mix them but if you never mix them
you do not need these notes
.
Mixing tokens and lines ( do not do this)(skip these notes)
• Using nextLine() in conjunction with the token-based methods
(nextInt(), nextDouble(), next()) on the same Scanner can
cause bad results.
23
Joe
3.14
"Hello" world
45.2
19
– You'd think you could read 23 and 3.14 with nextInt and nextDouble, then
read Joe "Hello" world with nextLine .
System.out.println(input.nextInt());
// 23
System.out.println(input.nextDouble());
// 3.14
System.out.println(input.nextLine());
//
– But the nextLine call produces no output! Why?
The first line is actually 23
3.14\n After the 3.14 is read,
the input cursor is placed at the \n. The input.nextLine()
reads up to but not including the \n, it gets the empty string
and prints that. input.next() would get “Joe”.
Mixing lines and tokens(skip these notes)
• Don't read both tokens and lines from the same
Scanner:
23
Joe
3.14
"Hello world"
45.2
19
input.nextInt()
23\t3.14\nJoe\t"Hello" world\n\t\t45.2
^
input.nextDouble()
23\t3.14\nJoe\t"Hello" world\n\t\t45.2
^
input.nextLine()
23\t3.14\nJoe\t"Hello" world\n\t\t45.2
^
// 23
19\n
// 3.14
19\n
// "" (empty!)
19\n
input.nextLine()
// "Joe\t\"Hello\" world"
23\t3.14\nJoe\t"Hello" world\n\t\t45.2 19\n
^
A more complex example (skip these notes)
• Processing a file of names and hours worked each day
to compute weekly totals.
Input file: hours.txt
Desired output:
Aaron Aardvark
8 8 8 8 8
Bob Baboon
4 4
Chucky Cheetah Jr.
6 6 2 2
Donald Duck
8 4 8
40
8
16
20
hours
hours
hours
hours
Aaron Aardvark
Bob Baboon
Chucky Cheetah Jr.
Donald Duck
38
Plan: (skip these notes)
• Outer loop: for each employee process 2 lines
1. Use nextLine() to read the name. nextLine() consumes and
returns the string but consumes and throws away the following
\n.
2. Use an inner loop to read the line of numbers using nextInt()
Aaron Aardvark
8 8 8 8 8
Bob Baboon
4 4
Chucky Cheetah Jr.
6 6 2 2
Donald Duck
8 4 8
nextLine() -> "Aaron Aardvark"
nextInt() -> 8
nextInt() -> 8
nextInt() -> 8
nextInt() -> 8
nextInt() -> 8
Wait a minute: Welty said not to mix linebased processing (nextLine()) with tokenbased processing. We can’t really handle
this situation with the mix. Must go to the
next section named, strangely enough, line39
based processing.
Ignore this if not mixing token and line based processing.
public static void
hoursWorkedV1(String filename) throws FileNotFoundException {
// read and process the file
File f = new File(filename);
Scanner input = new Scanner(f);
while (input.hasNextLine()) {
String name = input.nextLine(); // read name, line based
int sum = 0;
// read and add data
while (input.hasNextInt()) {
// token based
sum += input.nextInt();
// token based
}
System.out.printf("%2d hours %s\n", sum, name);
}
}
Aaron Aardvark
8 8 8 8 8
Bob Baboon
4 4
Chucky Cheetah Jr.
6 6 2 2
Donald Duck
8 4 8
nextLine() -> "Aaron Aardvark"
nextInt() -> 8
nextInt() -> 8
nextInt() -> 8
nextInt() -> 8
nextInt() -> 8
40
Ignore this if not mixing token and line based processing.
public static void
hoursWorkedV1(String filename) throws FileNotFoundException {
// read and process the file
File f = new File(filename);
Scanner input = new Scanner(f);
while (input.hasNextLine()) {
String name = input.nextLine(); // read name, line based
int sum = 0;
// read and add data
while (input.hasNextInt()) {
// token based
sum += input.nextInt();
// token based
}
System.out.printf("%2d hours %s\n", sum, name);
}
}
Actual Output:
Aaron Aardvark
8 8 8 8 8
Bob Baboon
4 4
Chucky Cheetah Jr.
6 6 2 2
Donald Duck
8 4 8
40
0
8
0
16
0
20
0
0
0
hours
hours
hours
hours
hours
hours
hours
hours
hours
hours
Aaron Aardvark
Bob Baboon
Chucky Cheetah Jr.
Donald Duck
41
Ignore this if not mixing token and line based processing.
 Don't mix line based input: nextLine()
With token based input: next(), nextInt(), nextDouble()
Aaron Aardvark\n8 8 8 8 8\nBob Baboon\n4 4\nChucky
^
nextLine()
->
"Aaron Aardvark"
Aaron Aardvark\n8 8 8 8 8\nBob Baboon\n4 4\nChucky
^
nextInt() -> 8
nextInt() -> 8
nextInt() -> 8
nextInt() -> 8
nextInt() -> 8
Aaron Aardvark\n8 8 8 8 8\nBob Baboon\n4 4\nChucky
^
nextLine() -> ""
42
Ignore this if not mixing token and line based processing.
Why do we get the above?
nextLine() consumes the line it is on through the next line marker (“\n”) it returns the
string containing everything up to but not including the end of line marker. Leaves the
cursor just after the \n.
nextInt() consumes the next integer, including all preceding white space and leaves
the cursor pointing to the space just following the integer.
Example, we have just consumed the last 8 of Aaron’s hours:
Aaron Aardvark\n8 8 8 8 8\nBob Baboon\n4 4\nChucky
^
The cursor sees nothing followed by a \n. It returns the empty string
and consumes through the \n
nextLine() -> ""
Aaron Aardvark\n8 8 8 8 8\nBob Baboon\n4 4\nChucky
^
There are no ints after the \n so it just sets the sum to 0 and then reads
Bob Baboon.
43
Ignore this if not mixing token and line based processing.
Example, we have just consumed the last 8 of Aaron’s:
Aaron Aardvark\n8 8 8 8 8\nBob Baboon\n4 4\nChucky
^
The cursor sees nothing followed by a \n. It returns the empty string
and consumes through the \n
nextLine() -> ""
Aaron Aardvark\n8 8 8 8 8\nBob Baboon\n4 4\nChucky
^
44