Primitive Types
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Transcript Primitive Types
Primitive Types
CSE 115
Spring 2006
April 3 & 7 2006
Type
A set of values and the operations we
can do with those values.
Object Types vs. Primitive
Types
We have been using object types all
semester.
Primitive types are another type built into
Java.
The distinction between these two types
has been significantly blurred by Java 5.
Primitive Types
Primitive Types ≠ Objects
The way we create them is different.
Primitive types have a value.
Objects have instance variables.
Primitive types have operations we can
perform on them.
Objects have methods we can call on them.
Types of Primitives
Numbers
Booleans
Characters
Numbers
Whole Numbers
byte – 1 byte (-128 to 127)
short – 2 bytes
int – 4 bytes (-2147483648 to 2147483647)
long – 8 bytes
Operations on Numbers
(Unary)
+
Promotes a byte, short or char to an int
Unary negation
++
Increment
- Decrement
Operations on Numbers
(Binary)
+
Addition
Subtraction
*
Multiplication
/
Division
%
Modulus
Important Note
In Java, operations on integers are
closed. This means that an operation
performed on an integer returns an
integer, or likewise, an operation
performed on two integers returns an
integer.
More Numbers
Real/floating point numbers
float
double
Operations: Same as for whole numbers
Important note
Operations on two real numbers return a
real number.
Operations on a real number and a whole
number return a real number.
How to get the “real” answer
to the division of two
integers?
Typecasting – we can force Java to
believe that we are doing floating point
arithmetic.
int a = 1;
int b = 2;
double realAnswer = (double)1/2;
Booleans
Two-valued algebra system
True
False
The boolean values in Java are true
and false (not 0 and 1).
Operations that return
boolean values
<
Less than
>
Greater than
<=
Less than or equal to
>=
Greater than or equal to
==
Equals
!=
Not equals
Operations performed on
booleans (Unary)
Negation (not)
Symbol: !
Meaning:
p
!p
true
false
false
true
Operations performed on
booleans (Binary)
Conjunction (and)
Symbol: &&
Meaning:
p
true
true
false
false
q
true
false
true
false
p && q
true
false
false
false
Disjunction (or)
Symbol: ||
Meaning:
p
true
true
false
false
q
true
false
true
false
p || q
true
true
true
false
Short circuit boolean
evaluation
Java supports short circuit boolean
evaluation.
This means that if there is a false in a
conjunction or a true in a disjunction,
Java stops evaluating the expression and
produces the result.
Characters
Single letter, digit, or symbol
Character literals are surrounded by ‘’ in
code:
char aCharacter = ‘x’;
Character class has methods of interest
when working with characters.
String
Not a primitive type
Sequence of characters
String literals are surrounded by “” in
code
String greeting = “Hi there!”;
String concatenation
Can combine strings together using the +
operator.
String one = “light”;
String two = “house;
String result = one + two;
result now has the value “lighthouse”
String concatenation
You can also combine a string with a primitive
type.
int a = 5;
int b = 6;
int result = a * b;
String output = “The result of
multiplying 5 and 6 is: ” + result;
String Class
There are many useful methods for
String available in the String class.