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MySQL: Crash Course
Keith Larson
[email protected]
MySQL Community Manager
http://sqlhjalp.com/pdf/MySQL_susecon_crashcourse_2012.pdf
Safe Harbor Statement
The following is intended to outline our general product
direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and
may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a
commitment to deliver any material, code, or
functionality, and should not be relied upon in making
purchasing decisions.
The development, release, and timing of any features or
functionality described for Oracle’s products remains at
the sole discretion of Oracle.
Who am I and who are you?
Who are you?
– DBAs?
– Developers?
• PHP
• Perl
• Python
• .net
– Admins?
[email protected]
MySQL Community Manager
http://www.sqlhjalp.com/
Started with MySQL during the dot.com days.
Primary real world work was with a MySQL InnoDB replicated chain environment that
easily held over 4 billion rows of user data.
Numerous other sites developed on LAMP stack over the last 13 years.
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Session Agenda
• This is about you and your needs...
• I can also cover..
• Oracle's Investment into MySQL
• A high-level overview
• Familiarize with the key concepts
• MySQL Editions
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Pronunciation
The official way to pronounce “MySQL” is
“My Ess Que Ell”
but we do not mind if you pronounce it as
“my sequel”
It was named after Monty's Daughter Maria.
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Session Agenda
• Oracle's Investment into MySQL
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MySQL On the Cover
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/issue-archive/2011/11-jan/index-191276.html
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Hardware and Software
Engineered to Work Together
Built together
Tested together
Managed together
Serviced together
Based on open standards
Lower cost
Lower risk
More reliable
MySQL Completes The Stack
Continuous Innovation with more product
releases than ever before
• MySQL Database
5.6
• MySQL Cluster 7.2
DMR*
and MySQL Labs!
(“early and often”)
• MySQL Database 5.5
• MySQL Enterprise Backup 3.5
• MySQL Enterprise Monitor 2.3
• MySQL Cluster Manager 1.1
All GA!
• MySQL Workbench 5.2
GA!
•MySQL Enterprise Monitor 2.2
•MySQL Cluster 7.1
• MySQL Cluster Manager 1.0
A Better MySQL
All GA!
*Development Milestone Release
Q2 CY2010
Q3 CY2010
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Q4 CY2010
Q1 CY2011
Q2 CY2011
10
Industry Leading Customers
OEM / ISV’s
Web
SaaS, Cloud
Telecommunications
Enterprise 2.0
Rely on MySQL
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>70% of Oracle Shops run MySQL
MySQL: Still Free, Open to the Community
Available to download and use under the GPL:
• MySQL Database (Community Server)
• MySQL Cluster
• MySQL Workbench Community Edition
• MySQL Connectors
• MySQL Proxy
• Documentation (free to use, not covered under GPL)
• Forums
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Session Agenda
• A high-level overview
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MySQL Terminology
• Database ( Files )
• Database Server Instance
• Database Instance ( memory)memory
• Database Server Instance
• Schema
• Database
• User
• User
• Table Space
• Table Space
• Storage Engine
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Oracle Database Architecture
http://carlos.syr.edu/oracle-database-architecture/
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MySQL Database Architecture
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MySQL Logs
Error Log
– log-error
Binary Log
– Log-bin custom set via my.cnf
Slow Query Log
– Log-slow-queries
– Slow-query-time
– log-queries-not-using-indexes
General Log
– Log
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/server-logs.html
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MySQL Logs
SHOW VARIABLES like '%log%';
+-----------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| Variable_name
| Value
|
+-----------------------------------------+-------------------------------------+
| back_log
| 50
|
| binlog_cache_size
| 32768
| binlog_checksum
| NONE
|
|
| binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates | OFF
| binlog_format
| MIXED
| binlog_row_image
|
| FULL
| binlog_rows_query_log_events
|
| OFF
| binlog_stmt_cache_size
| expire_logs_days
|
|
| 32768
|
|0
|
| general_log
| OFF
|
| general_log_file
| /var/lib/mysql/kdlarson-pc.log
|
…...
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MySQL Server
Standalone (mysqld)
UNIX daemon
Windows service
Regular process on UNIX or Windows
Embedded (libmysqld)
Shared / Dynamic library
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MySQL Server Components
Plugin 1
Plugin 2
Plugin 3
The Core
Plugins
Core
SQL-query processing, …
InnoDB
MyISAM
InnoDB
InnoDB
MyISAM
DB1
DB2
DB3
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Storage Engines
Full-text search
plugins
Audit plugins
Authentication
plugins
…
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MySQL Storage Engines
The Storage Engine (SE) defines data
storage and retrieval
Every regular table belongs to some SE
Most notable Storage Engines:
InnoDB (default since 5.5)
– fully transactional SE
MyISAM (default prior to 5.5)
– NON-transactional SE
Default Storage Engine used it not
defined
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CREATE TABLE `City` (
`ID` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`Name` char(35) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`CountryCode` char(3) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`District` char(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`Population` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
PRIMARY KEY (`ID`),
KEY `CountryCode` (`CountryCode`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
mysql> SHOW ENGINES;
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MySQL Storage Engines
Select a specialized storage engine for a particular application
need.
InnoDB: a high-reliability and high-performance storage engine
for MySQL designed for transaction processing. It follows the
ACID model. Row-level locking and Oracle-style consistent
reads increase multi-user concurrency and performance
MyISAM: -oldest storage engine has many features
that have been developed over years.
Memory: creates tables with contents that are stored in memory.
MySQL Cluster offers the same features as the MEMORY
engine with higher performance levels, and provides
additional features
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MySQL Storage Engines
CSV: data file is a plain text file
ARCHIVE: is used for storing large amounts of data without
indexes in a very small footprint.
BLACKHOLE:accepts data but throws
it away and does not store it but the
binary log is enabled.
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MySQL Partitioning
Open Source
Limitations Relating to Storage Engines
Horizontal partitioning
(distribute rows, not columns)
CREATE TABLE members (
Partitioning functions:
firstname VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
lastname VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
The modulus
username VARCHAR(16) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(35),
joined DATE NOT NULL
Range
)
PARTITION BY RANGE( YEAR(joined) ) (
PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (1960),
Internal hashing function
PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (1970),
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (1980),
PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN (1990),
Linear hashing function
PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE
);
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/partitioning-overview.html
http://dev.mysql.com/tech-resources/articles/mysql_55_partitioning.html
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MySQL Replication
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MySQL Replication Overview
Top used Feature in MySQL
Used for Scalability and HA
Write to one master
Read from many slaves, easily add more as
needed
Perfect for read/write intensive apps
Asynchronous as standard
Semi-Synchronous support added in MySQL 5.5
Each slave adds minimal load on master
Replication formats:
Statement-based replication (SBR): propagate
SQL statements
Row-based replication (RBR): propagate row
changes
Mixed-based replication: SBR or RBR depending
on the query
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http://sqlhjalp.com/pdf/2012_Scale_Replication.pdf
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MySQL Replication Topologies
sqlhjalp.com/pdf/2012_Scale_Replication.pdf available for review
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MySQL Replication Overview
Replication Threads
Binlog dump thread
Slave I/O thread
Slave SQL thread
Replication Files
relay log
master info log
relay log info log
http://sqlhjalp.com/pdf/2012_Scale_Replication.pdf
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MySQL Replication Overview
http://sqlhjalp.com/pdf/2012_Scale_Replication.pdf
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MySQL Replication Overview
http://sqlhjalp.com/pdf/2012_Scale_Replication.pdf
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MySQL Backup
The way depends on the application
Possible solutions:
Replication?
mysqldump
MySQL Enterprise Backup
Best solution is using all three.
# mysqldump -p --all-databases --master-data=1 /tmp/example_dump.sql
Not an online solution. Can/will lock tables.
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MySQL Enterprise Backup
Online Backup for InnoDB
Support for MyISAM (Read-only)
High Performance Backup & Restore
Compressed Backup
Full Backup
Incremental Backup
Partial Backups
Point in Time Recovery
Unlimited Database Size
Cross-Platform
Windows, Linux, Unix
Ensures quick, online backup and recovery of your MySQL apps.
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MySQL Enterprise Backup
Usage:
ibbackup [--incremental lsn] [--sleep ms] [--suspend-at-end] [--compress [level]] [--include regexp] my.cnf backupmy.cnf
or
ibbackup --apply-log [--use-memory mb] [--uncompress] backup-my.cnf
or
ibbackup --apply-log --incremental [--use-memory mb] [--uncompress] incremental-backup-my.cnf full-backup-my.cnf
The backup program does NOT make a backup of the .frm files of the tables,
and it does not make backups of MyISAM tables. To back up these items, either:
- Use the mysqlbackup program.
- Make backups of the .frm files with the Unix 'tar' or the Windows WinZip or an equivalent tool both BEFORE and
AFTER ibbackup finishes its work,and also store the MySQL binlog segment that is generated between the moment
you copy the .frm files to a backup and the moment ibbackup finishes its work.
For extra safety, also use:
mysqldump -l -d yourdatabasename
to dump the table CREATE statements in a human-readable form before
ibbackup finishes its work.
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Session Agenda
• Familiarize with the key concepts
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MySQL Configuration
Highly configurable
Command line options
Configuration files (plain-text, INI-like files with groups)
Several configuration files (/etc, $HOME, …)
The last value takes precedence
Default configuration are examples and might be not so good for
Performance, ...
One example: SQL MODE
Very important variable
Affects data consistency!
It might be remembered …
… or it might be not
Thus: set it once for all
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Recommended value:
STRICT_ALL_TABLES
|
NO_ZERO_DATE
|
NO_ZERO_IN_DATE
|
NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION |
NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER
|
IGNORE_SPACE
|
ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO
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MySQL
Post-installation steps: Security
Secure the installation
Don’t run under ‘root’
Have separate directories (configuration, data, binary
logs, …)
Change ‘root’ password
Remove default accounts
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MySQL Concepts
MySQL products support unicode.
Full Unicode 5.0 is supported for data, and for metadata we
support only characters for Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP).
Database or schema in Oracle world.
Current database (per connection)
Database – a set of files in “the data directory”
System database (mysql)
Virtual databases:
INFORMATION_SCHEMA
PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA
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MySQL Privileges
User: username@hostname
Precisely: ‘user-name-mask’@’host-name-mask’
Host name – client host name (“from” host name)
User name mask:
can be empty (anonymous user) – all users
Host name mask:
can be empty – all host names (%)
can have ‘%’ (e.g.: %.foo.com)
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MySQL Privileges
Connecting as foo from localhost…
Should be foo@%, right ?
The most specific values are used
BUT: host name matching is done before user name
+-----------+-------------------+
| Host
| User
|
+-----------+-------------------+
mysql -u foo -h localhost -p
| localhost |
|
‘’@localhost will be chosen !
| localhost | bar
|
|%
|
| foo
| localhost | root
|
+-----------+-------------------+
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MySQL Privileges -- Root
$ mysql -u root
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using
password: NO)
$ mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
$ mysqladmin -u root -p password <passwordhere>
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user
SET Password=PASSWORD('<passwordhere>')
WHERE User='root';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
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MySQL Privileges
Do not know the root password?
Stop the service: # /etc/init.d/mysql stop
Restart with skip grand: # mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &
Connect as root: # mysql -u root
Set new password :
use mysql;
mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD("NEW-ROOTPASSWORD") where User='root';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> quit
Stop the service: # /etc/init.d/mysql stop
Start the service: # /etc/init.d/mysql start
Log in as root with password. # mysql -u root -p
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/resetting-permissions.html
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MySQL Privileges -- users
mysql> CREATE USER 'monty'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'some_pass';
mysql> GRANT ALTER, CREATE VIEW, CREATE, DELETE, DROP, GRANT
OPTION, INDEX, INSERT, SELECT, SHOW VIEW, TRIGGER, UPDATE
ON *.* TO 'monty'@'localhost'
WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql> CREATE USER 'monty'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'some_pass';
mysql> GRANT ALTER, CREATE VIEW, CREATE, DELETE, DROP, GRANT
OPTION, INDEX, INSERT, SELECT, SHOW VIEW, TRIGGER, UPDATE
ON *.* TO 'monty'@'%'
WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql> flush privileges ;
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/grant.html
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MySQL Super User Accounts
mysql> CREATE USER 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin_pass';
mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost';
mysql> flush privileges ;
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http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/grant.html
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MySQL Show Commands
SHOW CREATE TABLE tbl_name
SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE proc_name
SHOW CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name
SHOW CREATE VIEW view_name
SHOW PROCEDURE CODE proc_name
SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS [like_or_where]
SHOW [FULL] PROCESSLIST
SHOW GRANTS [FOR user]
SHOW WARNINGS [LIMIT [offset,] row_count]
SHOW {DATABASES | SCHEMAS} [LIKE 'pattern' | WHERE expr]
SHOW OPEN TABLES [{FROM | IN} db_name] [LIKE 'pattern' | WHERE expr]
SHOW BINARY LOGS
SHOW MASTER LOGS
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/show.html
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MySQL Show Processlist
Use SHOW processlist to find out what is going on:
+----+-------+-----------+----+---------+------+--------------+-------------------------------------+
| Id | User | Host
| db | Command | Time | State
| Info
|
+----+-------+-----------+----+---------+------+--------------+-------------------------------------+
| 6 | monty | localhost | bp | Query | 15 | Sending data | select * from station,station as s1 |
| 8 | monty | localhost |
| Query | 0
|
| show processlist
|
+----+-------+-----------+----+---------+------+--------------+-------------------------------------+
Use KILL in mysql or mysqladmin to kill off runaway threads.
How to find out how MySQL solves a query
Run the following commands and try to understand the output:
* SHOW VARIABLES;
* SHOW COLUMNS FROM ...\G
* EXPLAIN SELECT ...\G
* FLUSH STATUS;
* SELECT ...;
* SHOW STATUS;
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MySQL Databases/Schema
A few ways to see what databases you have on your system:
–
cd /var/lib/mysql
• Review the directories
–
Log in to MySQL server
• Show databases
– mysql -u root -p
» Enter password:
– show databases;
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–
+--------------------+
–
| Database
–
+--------------------+
–
| information_schema |
–
| db_example
–
| employees
|
–
| exampledb
|
–
| mysql
–
| orig
–
| performance_schema |
–
+--------------------+
|
|
|
|
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MySQL Table Space
mysql> use world;
---- DATABASE / SCHEMA
mysql> show tables;
---- TABLE SPACE
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_world |
+-----------------+
| City
| Country
|
|
| CountryLanguage |
+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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MySQL Table Space
mysql> show create table City;
CREATE TABLE `City` (
`ID` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`Name` char(35) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`CountryCode` char(3) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`District` char(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`Population` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
PRIMARY KEY (`ID`),
KEY `CountryCode` (`CountryCode`),
CONSTRAINT `city_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`CountryCode`) REFERENCES
`Country` (`Code`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1
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MySQL Table Space
mysql > desc City;
+-------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field
| Type
| Null | Key | Default | Extra
|
+-------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| ID
| Name
| int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL
| char(35) | NO |
|
| auto_increment |
|
| CountryCode | char(3) | NO | MUL |
| District
| char(20) | NO |
| Population | int(11) | NO |
|
|
|
|0
|
|
|
|
|
+-------------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.06 sec)
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MySQL Datatypes
TEXT TYPES
CHAR( )A fixed section from 0 to 255 characters long.
VARCHAR( )A variable section from 0 to 255 characters long.
TINYTEXT
A string with a maximum length of 255 characters.
TEXT
A string with a maximum length of 65535 characters.
BLOB
A string with a maximum length of 65535 characters.
MEDIUMTEXT
A string with a maximum length of 16777215 characters.
MEDIUMBLOB
A string with a maximum length of 16777215 characters.
LONGTEXT A string with a maximum length of 4294967295 characters.
LONGBLOB A string with a maximum length of 4294967295 characters.
CREATE TABLE `example_table` (
...
`value` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
...
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/data-types.html
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MySQL Datatypes
NUMBER TYPES
TINYINT( )
-128 to 127 normal
SMALLINT( ) -32768 to 32767 normal
MEDIUMINT( )
INT( )
0 to 255 UNSIGNED.
0 to 65535 UNSIGNED.
-8388608 to 8388607 normal
-2147483648 to 2147483647 normal
0 to 16777215 UNSIGNED.
0 to 4294967295 UNSIGNED.
BIGINT( )-9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807 normal
0 to 18446744073709551615 UNSIGNED.
FLOAT
A small number with a floating decimal point.
DOUBLE( , ) A large number with a floating decimal point.
DECIMAL( , ) A DOUBLE stored as a string , allowing for a fixed decimal point.
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `example_table` (
`example_table_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
.....or
`example_table_id` bigint(12) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/data-types.html
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MySQL Datatypes
DATE TYPES
DATE
YYYY-MM-DD.
DATETIME
YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.
TIMESTAMP
YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.
TIME
HH:MM:SS.
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `example_table` (
`example_table_id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`user_id` int(9) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
`date_recorded` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`example_table_id`),
UNIQUE KEY `user_id` (`user_id`),
KEY `date_recorded` (`date_recorded`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/data-types.html
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MySQL Datatypes
MISC TYPES
ENUM ( )
Short for ENUMERATION which means that each column may
have one of a specified possible values.
SET
Similar to ENUM except each column may have more than one of the
specified possible values.
…..
`transfer_method` enum('OFF','EMAIL','FTP','BATCH POST','FTP-SSL','REAL
TIME POST','CUSTOM') default NULL,
….
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/data-types.html
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MySQL Indexes
URLS to help for later:
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/mysql-indexes.html
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/show-index.html
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/create-index.html
http://learnmysql.blogspot.com/2010/11/mysql-query-and-index-tuning.html
http://www.slideshare.net/manikandakumar/mysql-query-and-index-tuning
http://www.slideshare.net/osscube/indexing-the-mysql-index-key-to-performance-tuning
http://effectivemysql.com/downloads/ImprovingPerformanceWithBetterIndexes-OOW-2011.pdf
http://prajwal-tuladhar.net.np/2009/09/23/474/things-you-should-know-about-mysql-index/
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/innodb-monitors.html
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/innodb-parameters.html
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/innodb-buffer-pool.html
http://www.mysqlperformanceblog.com/2006/07/17/show-innodb-status-walk-through/
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/server-parameters.html
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_key_buffer_size
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/server-system-variables.html#sysvar_table_open_cache
http://www.mysqlperformanceblog.com/2007/11/01/innodb-performance-optimization-basics/
http://www.mysqlperformanceblog.com/2007/11/03/choosing-innodb_buffer_pool_size/
http://prajwal-tuladhar.net.np/2009/09/23/474/things-you-should-know-about-mysql-index/
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MySQL Index options
MySQL startup options
When tuning a MySQL server, the two most important variables to configure
are key_buffer_size and table_open_cache.
The buffer pool is for caching data and indexes in memory so set the
following to < 80% of the machine physical memory.
Important options are:
innodb_buffer_pool_size < 80% of memory.
innodb_log_file_size=2G.
# default value is 8M
#dependent on recovery speed required.
innodb_log_buffer_size=4M
innodb_thread_concurrency=8
# Default
innodb_flush_method=O_DIRECT # double buffering and swap are bad
# innodb_file_per_table
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#depends on how many tables used. Get the big picture 1st.
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MySQL Indexes (keys)
When MySQL uses indexes
Using >, >=, =, <, <=, IF NULL and BETWEEN on a key.
o SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE key_part1=1 and key_part2 > 5;
o SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE key_part1 IS NULL;
* When you use a LIKE that doesn't start with a wildcard.
o SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE key_part1 LIKE 'jani%'
* Retrieving rows from other tables when performing joins.
o SELECT * from t1,t2 where t1.col=t2.key_part
* Find the MAX() or MIN() value for a specific index.
o SELECT MIN(key_part2),MAX(key_part2) FROM table_name where
key_part1=10
* ORDER BY or GROUP BY on a prefix of a key.
o SELECT * FROM foo ORDER BY key_part1,key_part2,key_part3
* When all columns used in the query are part of one key.
o SELECT key_part3 FROM table_name WHERE key_part1=1
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MySQL Indexes (keys)
When MySQL doesn't use an index
* Indexes are NOT used if MySQL can calculate that it will probably be faster to
scan the whole table.
For example if key_part1 is evenly distributed between 1 and 100, it's not good to use
an index in the following query:
o SELECT * FROM table_name where key_part1 > 1 and key_part1 < 90
* If you are using HEAP tables and you don't search on all key parts with =
* When you use ORDER BY on a HEAP table
* If you are not using the first key part
o SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE key_part2=1
* If you are using LIKE that starts with a wildcard
o SELECT * FROM table_name WHERE key_part1 LIKE '%jani%'
* When you search on one index and do an ORDER BY on another
o SELECT * from table_name WHERE key_part1 = # ORDER BY key2
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MySQL Indexes (keys)
Optimizing tables
Use NOT NULL for columns which will not store null values. This is particularly
important for columns which you index.
`e_id` bigint(12) unsigned NOT NULL
Don't create indexes you are not going to use.
Use the fact that MySQL can search on a prefix of an index; If you have and INDEX
(a,b), you don't need an index on (a).
UNIQUE KEY `uq_id` (`u_id`,`q_id`),
KEY `q_id` (`q_id`),
Instead of creating an index on long CHAR/VARCHAR column, index just a prefix of
the column to save space.
CREATE TABLE `table_name` (
`hostname` char(255) NOT NULL,
KEY `hostname` (`hostname`(10))
) ENGINE=InnoDB
Copyright Oracle Corporation 2012
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MySQL Index – Use Explain!
Use EXPLAIN on every query that you think is too slow!
mysql> explain select t3.DateOfAction, t1.TransactionID
-> from t1 join t2 join t3
-> where t2.ID = t1.TransactionID and t3.ID = t2.GroupID
-> order by t3.DateOfAction, t1.TransactionID;
+-------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| table | type | possible_keys
| key
| key_len
| ref
| rows | Extra
|
+-------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------------------+------+---------------------------------+
| t1
| ALL
| NULL
| NULL
|
NULL | NULL
| 11 | Using temporary; Using filesort |
| t2
| ref
| ID
| ID
|
4
| t1.TransactionID | 13 |
|
| t3
| eq_ref | PRIMARY | PRIMARY |
4
| t2.GroupID
|
|
1|
+-------+--------+---------------+---------+---------+------------------+------+---------------------------------+
Types ALL and range signal a potential problem.
Copyright Oracle Corporation 2012
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MySQL Index – Use Explain!
mysql> EXPLAIN SELECT C.Name , T.Name FROM world.City C INNER JOIN
world.Country T ON C.CountryCode = T.Code;
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+-------------+---------+--------------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key
|
| key_len | ref
| rows | Extra
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+-------------+---------+--------------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE
|
|T
| ALL | PRIMARY
| NULL
| NULL
| 1 | SIMPLE
|
|C
| ref | CountryCode | CountryCode | 3
| NULL
| 264 |
| world.T.Code |
8|
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+-------------+---------+--------------+------+-------+
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MySQL Index – Use Explain!
More Urls for you to use later about Explain
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/explain.html
http://effectivemysql.com/downloads/ExplainingTheMySQLEXPLAIN-OOW-2011.pdf
http://prajwal-tuladhar.net.np/2009/09/26/481/know-more-about-mysql-explain/
http://www.slideshare.net/ligaya/explain
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MySQL Stored Routines
The CREATE ROUTINE , ALTER ROUTINE , EXECUTE privilege is needed for stored
routines.
mysql> delimiter //
mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE simpleproc (OUT param1 INT)
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO param1 FROM t;
END//
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> delimiter ;
mysql> CALL simpleproc(@a);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT @a;
+------+
| @a |
+------+
|3
|
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/stored-routines.html
Copyright Oracle Corporation 2012
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MySQL Triggers
CREATE TABLE test1(a1 INT);
CREATE TABLE test2(a2 INT);
CREATE TABLE test3(a3 INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY);
CREATE TABLE test4(
a4 INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
b4 INT DEFAULT 0
);
delimiter |
CREATE TRIGGER testref BEFORE INSERT ON test1
FOR EACH ROW BEGIN
INSERT INTO test2 SET a2 = NEW.a1;
DELETE FROM test3 WHERE a3 = NEW.a1;
UPDATE test4 SET b4 = b4 + 1 WHERE a4 = NEW.a1;
END; |
delimiter ;
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/create-trigger.html
Copyright Oracle Corporation 2012
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MySQL Views
> CREATE VIEW `world`.`city_view` AS
SELECT C.Name as cityname , T.Name as countryname
FROM world.City C
INNER JOIN world.Country T ON C.CountryCode = T.Code;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)
SELECT cityname , countryname from city_view where countryname = "Zimbabwe";
+--------------+-------------+
| cityname
| countryname |
+--------------+-------------+
| Harare
| Bulawayo
| Zimbabwe
|
| Zimbabwe
|
| Chitungwiza | Zimbabwe
|
| Mount Darwin | Zimbabwe
| Mutare
| Zimbabwe
|
| Gweru
| Zimbabwe
|
|
+--------------+-------------+
6 rows in set (0.13 sec)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/views.html
Copyright Oracle Corporation 2012
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MySQL Transactions
To disable autocommit mode, use the following statement:
mysql> show variables like '%autocommit%';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| autocommit
| ON
|
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SET autocommit=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like '%autocommit%';
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| autocommit
| OFF |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/commit.html
Copyright Oracle Corporation 2012
65
MySQL Transactions
To disable autocommit mode for a single series of statements
use the START TRANSACTION statement:
START TRANSACTION;
SELECT @A:=SUM(salary) FROM table1 WHERE type=1;
UPDATE table2 SET summary=@A WHERE type=1;
COMMIT;
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/commit.html
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Session Agenda
• MySQL Editions
http://www.flickr.com/photos/kalexanderson/7719347704/in/set-72157628651430439/
TM & © LUCASFILM LTD. 2012. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
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MySQL Versions
Workbench – visual database design application that can be used to efficiently design,
manage and document database schemata
Connectors – ODBC, Java, .Net, MXJ, C/C++, DBI, Ruby, Python, etc.
Community: -- http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/
Freely downloadable version of the world's most popular open source database. It
is available under the GPL license and is supported by a huge and active
community of open source developers.
Enterprise: -- eDelivery.com
(Free for 30 days)
Paid subscription includes support and the following
•
MySQL Enterprise Backup
•
MySQL Enterprise Security
–
•
MySQL Enterprise Scalability
–
•
•
External Authentication
Thread Pool
MySQL Enterprise High Availability
–
Oracle VM Template
–
Windows Clustering
MySQL Enterprise Monitor
Free for 30 day evaluation
Copyright Oracle Corporation 2012
68
MySQL
Download
Choosing the version
5.1 – previous GA version
5.5 – the latest GA version
5.6 – development release
Choosing the edition
Community Edition (Community Server)
Enterprise Editions (even MySQL Classic and MySQL
Standard)
Source or Binary
MySQL Support
How can I get help ?
• Reach out to the community
– Irc on freenode
– Forums.mysql.com
• Oracle Support
• Certifications
Copyright Oracle Corporation 2012
70
MySQL Support
Oracle Premier Support for MySQL
• 24 X 7 Problem Resolution
Services
• Unlimited Support Incidents
• Knowledge Base
• Maintenance Releases, Bug
fixes, Patches, Updates
• MySQL Consultative Support
• Staffed by experienced,
seasoned MySQL Engineers
MySQL Enterprise Edition
Most secure, scalable MySQL Database, Online Backup,
Development/Monitoring Tools, backed by Oracle Premier
Lifetime Support
Oracle Product
Oracle Premier
Certifications/Integrations
Support
MySQL Enterprise
Backup
MySQL Enterprise
Security
MySQL Enterprise
High Availability
Copyright Oracle Corporation 2012
MySQL Enterprise
Monitor/Query Analyzer
MySQL Enterprise
Scalability
MySQL Workbench
72
MySQL Resources
mysql.com
TCO calculator: http://www.mysql.com/tcosavings/
White Papers: http://www.mysql.com/why-mysql/white-papers/
Customer use cases and success stories:
http://www.mysql.com/why-mysql/case-studies/
dev.mysql.com
Downloads: http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/
Documentation: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/
Forums: http://forums.mysql.com/
PlanetMySQL: http://planet.mysql.com
List of resources (books) : http://dev.mysql.com/resources/
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FjX1nJexGeI/T7luugwIslI/AAAAAAAAAWU/PtCMZBfm1OA/s1600/internet.jpg
MySQL Resources
eDelivery.com
Download and evaluate all MySQL products
Wiki:
https://wikis.oracle.com/display/mysql/Home
http://forge.mysql.com/wiki/Main_Page – Older Not used as much--
50 things to know before migrating Oracle to MySQL
It is a little old but worth the read
www.xaprb.com/blog/2009/03/13/50-things-to-know-before-migrating-oracle-to-mysql/
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FjX1nJexGeI/T7luugwIslI/AAAAAAAAAWU/PtCMZBfm1OA/s1600/internet.jpg
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74
[email protected]
@larsonkeith
Copyright Oracle Corporation 2012
75
<Insert Picture Here>
Thanks for attending!
Keith Larson
[email protected]
MySQL Community Manager
http://sqlhjalp.com/pdf/MySQL_susecon_crashcourse_2012.pdf