Transcript World History Exam Review

SOUTHEAST ASIA AND AFRICA UNDER THE
NEW IMPERIALISM
• UNDER NEW IMPERIALISM, EUROPEAN NATIONS CAME TO RULE VIRTUALLY ALL OF SOUTHEAST AND
AFRICA BY 1900.
• EUROPEAN COUNTRIES CONTROLLED THE ECONOMIES AND GOVERNMENTS OF ASIAN COLONIES.
• SOME SOUTHEAST ASIANS RESISTED COLONIAL RULE MORE SUCCESSFULLY THAN OTHERS.
• EUROPEANS USED DIRECT AND INDIRECT RULE TO EXPLOIT AFRICA. RESENTMENT LED TO AFRICAN
NATIONALISM
INDIA AND NEW IMPERIALISM
• INDIAN MISTRUST OF THE BRITISH AND CULTURAL DIFFERENCES LED TO THE SEPOY MUTINY.
• AFTER THE MUTINY, BRITIAIN STABILIZED INDIA BUT HURT THE ECONOMY AND DEGRADED THE INDIANS.
• RESISTANCE TO BRITISH RULE LED TO AN INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT GUIDED BY MOHANDAS GHANDI,
WHICH WAS ULTIMATELY SUCCESSFUL.
LATIN AMERICA AND NEW IMPERIALISM
• INSPIRED BY THE AMERICAN AND FRENCH REVOLUTIONS, LATIN AMERICANS STARTED THEIR OWN
REVOLTS FOR INDEPENDENCE.
• LATIN AMERICAN NATIONS WROTE CONSTITUTIONS SIMILAR TO THE US CONSTITUTION.
• AFTER GAINING INDEPENDENCE, LATIN AMERICAN NATIONS EXPERIENCED STAGGERING ECONOMIC AND
POLITICAL PROBLEMS.
1.
IMPERIALISM TEST PRACTICE
THE BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY HIRED INDIAN SOLDIERS CALLED ____ TO PROTECT ITS INTERESTS IN
INDIA.
a. CAUDILLOS
b. VICEROYS
c. MESTIZOS
d. SEPOYS
2. A POLITICAL UNIT THAT DEPENDS ON ANOTHER GOVERNMENT FOR PROTECTION IS KNOWN AS…
a. A COLONY
b. AN ANNEX
c. A PROTECTORATE
d. A TERRITORY
3.
WHICH FAMOUS LEADER USED NONVIOLENT RESISTANCE TO HELP WIN INDEPENDENCE FOR INDIA?
a.
b.
c.
d.
RABINDRANATH TAGORE
G.S. AIYAR
MOHANDAS GANDHI
BALWANTRAO TILAK
4. “EUROPEANS HAVE A MORAL RESPONSIBILITY TO CIVILIZE PRIMITIVE PEOPLE.” THIS STATEMENT BEST
EXPRESSES WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CONCEPTS?
a.
b.
c.
d.
SOCIAL DARWINISM
NATIONALISM
“WHITE MAN’S BURDEN”
THE MONROE DOCTRINE
a.
b.
c.
d.
SPANISH
FRENCH
GERMAN
BRITISH
5. A COMMON PHRASE IN THE LATE 19TH CENTURY WAS “THE SUN NEVER SETS ON THE _____ EMPIRE.”
6.
HOW DID BRITISH TAXES ON SALT CONTRIBUTE TO THE GROWTH OF THE INDIAN NATIONALISM?
a.
b.
c.
d.
THE TAX TRIGGERED VIOLENCE AGAINST THE SALT MARCH, WHICH INSPIRED A WIDER CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
MOVEMENT IN INDIA.
THE RESISTANCE AGAINST THE TAX ON SALT REQUIRED INDIAN NATIONAL FORCES TO STOP THE
REBELLION.
THE IMPOSITION OF THE TAX DEMONSTRATED THAT INDIA WAS NOT CAPABLE OF SELF-GOVERNMENT DUE
TO THE LACK OF NATIVE LEADERSHIP.
THE TAX DEMONSTRATED THE ABSOLUTE CONTROL EXERCISED BY THE BRITISH AS COLONIAL RULERS IN
INDIA.
TIMELINE OF JAPAN 1850-1910
• 1853 COMMODORE PERRY OF THE US ENDS
JAPANESE ISOLATION
• 1868 MEIJI RESTORATION
• 1870S JAPANESE GOVERNMENT DEVELOPS
MANUFACTURING AND RAILROAD INDUSTRIES
• 1872 WESTERN DRESS ENFORCED FOR
GOVERNMENT CEREMONIES
• 1905 JAPAN WINS THE RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR
• 1910 JAPAN ANNEXES KOREA
7.
WHAT CONCLUSION ABOUT JAPAN IS
SUPPORTED BY THE TIMELINE PROVIDED?
a. JAPAN STOPPED FARMING RICE
b. JAPAN INDUSTRIALIZED AND BECAME
IMPERIALISTIC
c.
JAPAN ENGAGED IN WARS WITH WESTERN
EUROPE
d. JAPAN BECAME ECONOMICALLY
COMPETITIVE WITH BRITAIN
8.
AT THE HEIGHT OF IMPERIALISM, WHICH COUNTRY CONTROLLED TERRITORY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA,
AFRICA, AND INDIA?
a. FRANCE
b. BRITIAIN
c. PORTUGAL
d. GERMANY
9. ITS PURPOSE WAS TO ALLOW US MERCHANTS AND MILITARY SHIPS TO TRAVEL BACK AND FORTH
BETWEEN THE ATLANTIC AND THE PACIFIC OCEANS MORE QUICKLY. WHAT WAS IT?
a. PANCHO VILLA CANAL
b. COLOMBIAN CANAL
c. PANAMA CANAL
d. ROOSEVELT CANAL
ANSWERS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
D
C
• YOU NEED 8 CORRECT TO MAKE AN 85%.
C
C
D
A
B
B
C
• IF YOU NEED TO PRACTICE THIS TOPIC,
IMPERIALISM IS CHAPTER 21 IN THE BLUE
TEXTBOOK.
CAUSES
OF
WORLD
WAR
I
•
MAIN (MILITARISM, ALLIANCES, IMPERIALISM, NATIONALISM)
• NATIONALISM CONTRIBUTED TO THE START OF WWI, AS RIVALS COMPETED FOR COLONIES AND
TRADE.
• EUROPEAN NATIONS INCREASED THE SIZE OF THEIR MILITARIES, HEIGHTENING EXISTING
TENSIONS.
• SERBIA’S DESIRE FOR AN INDEPENDENT STATE ANGERED AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.
• ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND WAS THE SPARK THAT BEGAN THE WAR!
REALITY OF MODERN WARFARE (WWI)
• TRENCH WARFARE BROUGHT THE WESTERN FRONT (FIGHTING IN FRANCE) TO A STALEMATE UNTIL
NEW ALLIES ENTERED THE WAR.
• TRENCH WARFARE AND NEW TECHNOLOGY CAUSED A DEVASTATING LOSS OF LIFE.
• GOVERNMENTS TOOK CONTROL OF ECONOMIES AND RATIONED CIVILIAN GOODS, AFFECTING ALL
CITIZENS.
THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION AND WWI
• RUSSIA’S FAILURE IN THE WAR AND WORKER UNREST LED TO THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION IN
1917. (FIRST COMMUNIST REVOLUTION/COMMUNIST NATION EVER!)
• BOLSHEVIK OVERTHROW OF THE PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT LED TO A CIVIL WAR AND
EVENTUAL COMMUNIST CONTROL. (VLADIMIR LENIN)
• A DEFEATED GERMANY SIGNED AN ARMISTICE WITH THE ALLIES ENDING THE WAR ON
NOVEMBER 11, 1918.
• THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES (SIGNED IN 1919) PUNISHED GERMANY, FORMED NEW NATIONS,
AND CREATED THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS TO SOLVE INTERNATIONAL PROBLEMS.
INTERWAR (AFTERMATH OF WWI AND
GLOBAL DEPRESSION)
• MANY NATIONS WERE UNHAPPY WITH THE PEACE SETTLEMENT AFTER WWI.
• THE CRASH OF THE US STOCK MARKET TRIGGERED A WORLDWIDE FINANCIAL CRISIS AND A GLOBAL
DEPRESSION.
• THE GREAT DEPRESSION MADE PEOPLE DOUBT DEMOCRACY AND LOOK TO AUTHORITARIAN
LEADERS FOR SIMPLE SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS.
INTERWAR (RISE OF DICTATORS)
• SOME NATIONS IN EUROPE REPLACED DEMOCRACY WITH TOTALITARIAN GOVERNMENTS.
• MUSSOLINI’S FASCIST REGIME IN ITALY CONTROLLED CITIZENS WITH MASS PROPAGANDA.
• IN THE SOVIET UNION, STALIN GAINED CONTROL OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY, ARRESTING OR KILLING
THOSE WHO OPPOSED HIM.
• LOSSES IN WWI AND ECONOMIC DEVASTATION LED TO POLITICAL STRUGGLES IN GERMANY.
• HITLER’S NAZI PARTY CREATED A TOTALITARIAN STATE BASED ON RACISM AND GERMAN
NATIONALISM.
• THE NAZIS FORCED THEIR WILL THROUGH SECRET POLICE AND CONCENTRATION CAMPS.
INTERWAR (NATIONALISM)
• THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE ENDED AFTER WWI.
• MODERNIZATION AND NATIONALISM MOVEMENTS HELPED TURKEY, IRAN, AND SAUDI ARABIA
BECAME MODERN STATES.
• NATIONALISM LED TO AFRICANS AND ASIANS SEEKING INDEPENDENCE FROM COLONIAL RULE.
• JAPAN MOVED FROM A DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT TO A MILITARISTIC STATE.
• THE GREAT DEPRESSION DEVASTATED LATIN AMERICA’S ECONOMY AND CREATED INSTABILITY.
THE BEGINNING OF WWII
• NAZI GERMANY BEGAN AN AGGRESSIVE POLICY OF EXPANSION.
• AFTER GERMANY INVADED POLAND, BRITAIN AND FRANCE DECLARED WAR ON GERMANY.
• SEEKING ACCESS TO NATURAL RESOURCES, JAPAN SEIZED MANCHURIA FROM NORTH CHINA.
• JAPAN LAUNCHED A SURPRISE ATTACK ON UNITED STATES AND EUROPEAN COLONIES IN
SOUTHEAST ASIA IN 1940-1941.
THE COURSE OF WWII
• THE GERMAN BLITZKRIEG SUBDUED MUCH OF WESTERN AND CENTRAL EUROPE, BUT GERMANY
COULD NOT DEFEAT BRITAIN OR RUSSIA.
• THE JAPANESE ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR IN 1941 BROUGHT THE US INTO THE WAR.
• THE GRAND ALLIANCE FORCED AN UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER OF THE AXIS POWERS IN 1945.
• AFTER THE WAR, POLITICAL TENSIONS BETWEEN THE US AND THE SOVIET UNION LED TO THE
COLD WAR.
LIVES AFFECTED BY WWII
• GERMANY AND JAPAN FORCED PEOPLE OF CONQUERED NATIONS TO LABOR FOR THEIR WAR
EFFORT.
• HITLER’S EXTREMIST RACIAL VIEWS LED TO THE HOLOCAUST AND DEATH OF MILLIONS.
• CIVILIANS WORKED IN WAR FACTORIES AND ENDURED SHORTAGES.
• BOMBINGS TARGETED CIVILIANS AS WELL AS THE MILITARY.
• FIRST USE OF ATOMIC WEAPONS BY THE US ON HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI
• ALMOST 20 MILLION CIVILIANS DIED IN THE WAR.
1.
WWI, INTERWAR, WWII TEST PRACTICE
IDEAS THAT ARE SPREAD TO INFLUENCE PUBLIC OPINION FOR OR AGAINST A CAUSE ARE KNOWN
AS…
a. AD CAMPAIGNS
b. BROCHURES
c. PROPAGANDA
d. NEWSLETTERS
2. GERMANY HAD TO MAKE ____ TO COVER THE COSTS OF WORLD WAR I.
a. REPARATIONS
b. CREDIT CARD PURCHASES.
c. DEBTS
d. BORDER CHANGES
3.
TO INCREASE THE SIZE OF THEIR ARMIES, MANY WESTERN COUNTRIES ESTABLISHED WHICH OF THE
FOLLOWING?
a.
b.
c.
d.
A VOLUNTARY ENLISTMENT PROGRAM
THEIR IMPERIALISTIC GOALS
A CONSCRIPTION PROGRAM
THE SCHLIEFFEN PLAN
a.
b.
c.
d.
TO SETTLE INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES AND AVOID WAR
TO ENFORCE THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES
TO CONTROL GERMANY’S EVER-INCREASING INFLATION
TO FORCE THE UNITED STATES TO ENGAGE IN WORLD AFFAIRS
a.
b.
c.
d.
LENIN
MUSSOLINI
TROSTKY
HITLER
4. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BEST DESCRIBES THE GOAL OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS?
5. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING POLITICAL LEADERS LED THE ITALIAN FASCIST MOVEMENT?
6.
7.
8.
THE TERM FOR A PERIOD OF LOW ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AND RISING UNEMPLOYMENT IS…
a.
b.
c.
d.
COLLECTIVIZATION
INFLATION
DEFICIT SPENDING
DEPRESSION
THE TERM FOR THE DELIBERATE MASS MURDER OF A PARTICULAR RACIAL, POLITICAL, OR CULTURAL GROUP IS…
a.
b.
c.
d.
PATRICIDE
SUICIDE
HOMICIDE
GENOCIDE
AS A FORM OF PROTEST, MOHANDAS GANDHI ADVOCATED _____, OR THE REFUSAL TO OBEY LAWS CONSIDERED TO BE
UNJUST.
a.
b.
c.
d.
COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
EXTRATERRITORIALITY
CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
GUERILLA TACTICS
9.
INTERNATIONAL VIOLENCE BEFORE WWII
• JAPAN INVADES MANCHURIA 1931
• ITALY INVADES ETHIOPIA 1935
• JAPAN INVADES CHINA 1937
• GERMANY ANNEXES CZECHOSLAVAKIA 1939
• GERMANY INVADES POLAND 1939
USING THE INFORMATION PROVIDED,
WHICH HISTORICAL CONCLUSION CAN BE
DRAWN ABOUT THE CAUSE OF WORLD
WAR II?
A. MILITARY ALLIANCES CREATED MANY
OBLIGATIONS TO ENGAGE IN WARS.
B. THE NAZI PARTY DOMINATED POLITICS IN
MANY EUROPEAN NATIONS.
C. THE UNITED NATIONS WAS TOO WEAK TO
PREVENT THE SPREAD OF
TOTALITARIANISM.
D. SOME NATIONS WERE AGGRESSIVE AND
IMPERIALISTIC IN THEIR EFFORTS TO
EXPAND.
10. GERMANY USED A “LIGHTNING WAR” OR ____ TO GAIN CONTROL OF POLAND.
a.
b.
c.
d.
LUFTWAFFE
TRENCH WARFARE
BLITZKRIEG
LEBENSRAUM
11.THE PERIOD OF POLITICAL TENSIONS BETWEEN THE US AND THE SOVIET UNION FOLLOWING WORLD WAR
II WAS KNOWN AS THE
a.
b.
c.
d.
GREAT DEPRESSION
DOCTRINE OF AGGRESSION
POSTDAM AGREEMENT
COLD WAR
a.
b.
c.
d.
EASEMENT
APPEASEMENT
ISOLATIONISM
COLONIZATION
12.WHAT POLICY ATTEMPTED TO SATISFY THE REASONABLE DEMANDS OF DISSATISFIED POWERS?
13.WHICH COUNTRY DID HITLER INVADE IN 1939, LAUNCHING WORLD WAR II?
a. DENMARK
b. FRANCE
c. POLAND
d. GREECE
14.WHAT HAPPENED TO MANY JAPANESE AMERICANS IN CALIFORNIA DURING WORLD WAR II?
a. THEY WERE REMOVED FROM THEIR HOMES AND INTERNED IN CAMPS.
b. THEY WERE FORCED TO RETURN IN DISGRACE TO JAPAN.
c. THEY WERE FORCED INTO MILITARY SERVICE AND SENT TO THE FRONT LINES.
d. THEY WERE ALL ASSUMED TO BE SPIES AND WERE PUT ON TRIAL.
ANSWERS
1.
C
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A
C
A
B
D
D
8. C
9. D
10.C
11.D
12.B
13.C
14.A
To make an 85%, you need 12 correct!
World War I, INTERWAR, AND WORLD
WAR II ARE IN CHAPTERS 23-26 IN
THE BLUE TEXTBOOK!
POLITICAL DIVISION AND CONFLICT
DURING THE COLD WAR
• THE US AND THE SOVIET UNION BECAME FIERCE POLITICAL RIVALS.
• THE US PROVIDED AID TO COUNTRIES THREATENED BY COMMUNIST EXPANSION.
• EACH SIDE FORMED ALLIANCES:
• NATO—US AND ITS ALLIES
• WARSAW PACT—SOVIET UNION AND ITS ALLIES
• POLITICAL DIVISION LED TO A GROWING ARMS RACE, THE BERLIN WALL AND THE CUBAN MISSILE
CRISIS
THE SOVIET UNION AND EASTERN
EUROPE DURING THE COLD WAR
• IT ITS ECONOMY, THE SOVIET UNION EMPHASIZED HEAVY INDUSTRY, BENEFITTING THE MILITARY
OVER AVERAGE CITIZENS.
• STALIN RULED BY REPRESSION AND POLITICAL TERROR.
• KHRUSHCHEV TRIED TO INCREASE FARM AND CONSUMER PRODUCTS, BUT HIS POLICIES
FAILED.
• THE SOVIET UNION GAINED CONTROL OVER MUCH OF EASTERN EUROPE.
• SATELLITE STATES
• COMMUNIST BLOC
WESTERN EUROPE AND NORTH
AMERICA DURING THE COLD WAR
• ECONOMIC AID FROM THE MARSHALL PLAN HELPED WESTERN EUROPE RECOVER FROM THE
DEVASTATION OF WAR.
• SIX NATIONS FORMED THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY.
• IN THE UNITED STATES, COLD WAR TENSIONS LED TO WAR IN KOREA AND THE RED SCARE.
• POLICY OF CONTAINMENT
• NEW TECHNOLOGY AND CIVIL RIGHTS STRUGGLES CHANGED SOCIETY.
ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL CHANGE IN THE
SOVIET UNION AND EASTERN EUROPE
• GORBACHEV’S REFORMS HELPED TO END THE COLD WAR AND BREAK UP THE SOVIET UNION.
• GLASNOST AND PERESTROIKA
• COMMUNIST REGIMES IN EASTERN EUROPE ENDED AS THE LOSS OF SOVIET SUPPORT LED TO
REVOLUTIONS.
• ETHNIC TENSIONS IN YUGOSLAVIA LED TO CONFLICTS IN BOSNIA AND KOSOVO.
• ENERGY RESOURCES SUPPORT RUSSIA’S ECONOMY, BUT IT STILL FACES MANY ECONOMIC AND
SOCIAL PROBLEMS.
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ISSUES IN
WESTERN EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA
• US PRESIDENT NIXON RESIGNED AFTER THE WATERGATE SCANDAL
• AFTER REUNIFICATION, GERMANY FACED THE COST OF REBUILDING THE ECONOMY OF
EASTERN GERMANY.
• THE EC BECAME THE EUROPEAN UNION, AND MOST MEMBERS ADOPTED A COMMON CURRENCY
(THE EURO).
1945-PRESENT
TEST
PRACTICE
1.
HOW DID MIKHAIL GORBACHEV’S POLICIES OF GLASNOST AND PERESTROIKA AFFECT THE SOVIET
UNION?
a.
b.
c.
d.
THE POWER OF THE SOVIET UNION’S COMMUNIST PARTY WAS STRENGTHENED.
MANY SOVIET CITIZENS DEMANDED MORE ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL FREEDOM.
SOVIET POWERS WERE CENTRALIZED UNDER A TOTALITARIAN DICTATOR.
THE SOVIET UNION INCREASED ITS INFLUENCE IN THE NATIONS OF EASTERN EUROPE.
2. TO KEEP COMMUNISM WITHIN ITS EXISTING BOUNDARIES, THE UNITED STATES FOLLOWED A POLICY OF
a.
b.
c.
d.
ENCROACHMENT
SOCIALISM
COLONIZATION
CONTAINMENT
3.
20TH CENTURY INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS
• BERLIN BLOCKADE 1948
• CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS 1962
• BREZHNEV DOCTRINE 1968
HOW DID THE DEVELOPMENTS PROVIDED
AFFECT INTERNATIONAL POLITICS?
a.
b.
c.
d.
THEY INSPIRED THE CREATION OF THE UNITED
NATIONS.
THEY INTENSIFIED COLD WAR CONFLICTS AND
TENSIONS
THEY STARTED COOPERATION BETWEEN THE
US AND THE FORMER SOVIET UNION
THEY REPRESENTED GLOBAL PREFERENCE
FOR DEMOCRATIC VALUES, INSTITUTIONS,
AND GOVERNMENTS.
4.
5.
6.
MIKHAIL GORBACHEV BASED HIS RADICAL REFORMS ON ___, OR RESTRUCTURING.
A.
B.
C.
D.
INTIFADA
GENETROIKA
RESTIFADA
PERESTROIKA
WHAT CAUSED THE COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION?
A.
B.
C.
D.
ASSASSINATION OF LEONID BREZHNEV, INVASION OF AFGHANISTAN
EFFICIENT CENTRAL GOVERNMENT, STRONG ECONOMY
VLADIMIR PUTIN’S REFORMS, ABUNDANT NATURAL RESOURCES
WEAK ECONOMY, INEFFICIENT CENTRAL GOVERNMENT, GORBACHEV’S REFORMS, AND NATIONALISM
THE TECHNOLOGY REVOLUTION HAS CONTRIBUTED TO _____, OR THE PROCESS BY WHICH PEOPLE AND NATIONS ARE
MORE INTEREDEPENDENT.
A.
B.
C.
D.
SECULARIZATION
SUSTAINABLE GOVERNMENT
BIOTERRORISM
GLOBALIZATION
ANSWERS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
B
TO MAKE AN 85%, YOU NEED 5 CORRECT!
D
B
D
D
D
CHAPTERS 27-32 IN THE TEXTBOOK