Transcript CST10.2_per05_sem01x

10.2 Revolutions and
Their Effects
By
Alysha Tucker
Tanya Nazarian
Mathew Sandavol
Gurpinder Singh
10.2.1 : Chapter 6 : Section 2
The Enlightenment in Europe
John Locke
-English philosopher
-Gave Americans the idea of "Life, liberty,
and the pursuit of happiness".
- Locke’s thought people had the right to rebel
against a corrupt government; and to
enjoy natural rights.
-One of the few men to believe woman should
have equal rights.
-Inspired Thomas Jefferson GREATLY.
-His inspiration is reflected in the
American Declaration of Independence.
John Locke : 1632-1704
10.2.1 : Chapter 6 : Section 2
The Enlightenment in Europe
Rousseau
-French Philosopher
-Rousseau thought advancements in
technology (such as industrialization and
machines, or weapons, were degrading and
ultimately the source of our worlds
problems.
-The Social Contract (1762) was
Rousseau's creation.
-His thinking affected the way our society
still runs today, expecting our president or
"ruler" protecting us from violence
and other harms as one of his many
responsibilities.
Rousseau 1712-1778
10.2.1 : Chapter 6 : Section 2
The Enlightenment in Europe
Montesquieu
-French Philosopher
- Idea of dividing government power
into three branches the "separation
of powers.”
- His ideas about separation of powers
became the basis for the United
States Constitution.
- Montesquieu approved of slavery. He
also thought that women were not equal
to men.
- Helped change ideas of liberty and
forms of government, which
contributed to the start of the
French Revolution
The three separation of powers montesquieu established.
10.2.1 : Chapter 8 : Section 1
Latin American Wins Independence.
Simon Bolivar
-Liberated several countries in South
America.
-He was one of the most powerful
figures in world political history. He led
the independence movement for six
nations ; Venezuela, Columbia, Panama,
Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.
-Bolivar was intrigued by the French
and American Revolutions.
-His enlightened thinking, and rebellious
thoughts helped give millions of people
freedom.
-“It is harder to release a nation from servitude
than to enslave a free nation.”
—Simon Bolivar
Meeting between Bolivar & San Martin
Comparing Ideas
From Chapter 6 Section 2 & Chapter 8 Section 1
Rousseau
Bolivar
John Locke
Montesquieu
All of these Philosophers had things in
common such as…
•They all fought for the common man’s
rights
•They believed Government was ok but
powers had to be limited
10.2.2 : Prologue : Section 3
Democracy Develops in England
Magna Carta
-The major source of traditional English Respect
for individual rights and liberties.
-Implied the idea that monarchs had no right to
rule in any way they pleased.
-They had to govern according to law.
-Taxes had to be collected by the consent of the
kingdom before taxing us.
The original Magna Carta above.
10. 2.2 : Chapter 5 : Section 5
Parliament Limits English Monarchy
English Bill of Rights
-Limited the monarchy’s
power and protected free
speech in parliament.
-Did not allow the monarch
to suspend the laws.
-Made the limits of royal
power clear.
A copy of a small portion
of the “English Bill of
Rights”.
10. 2.2 :Chapter 6 : Section 4
The American Revolution
The American Deceleration of Independence
10.2.2 : Chapter 6 : Section 4
The American Revolution
U.S Bill of Rights
-Gave Americans freedom of speech, press,
assembly, and religion
--The anti-federalists felt that the
constitution gave government too much
power and wanted to protect rights of
individual citizens
-The constitution needed approval before
this document was published.
--Rousseau helped form these ideas.
This is the U.S Bill of Rights, which we still follow
today.
10.2.2 : Chapter 7 : Section 2
Revolution Brings Reform And Terror
Declaration of Rights of Man and The Citizen
-Nobody may exercise any authority which does not
proceed directly from the nation.
-Law can only prohibit such actions as are hurtful to
society.
-No person shall be accused, arrested, or imprisoned
except in the cases and according to the forms
prescribed by law.
-The main rights are liberty, property, security, and
resistance to oppression.
A copy of the FDRMC
-Society has the right to require of every public agent an
account of his administration.
10.2.3 Chapter 6 Sec.4 The American
Revolution
Pg. 206-211
 In 1651 British Parliament passes Navigation Act
 This along with other trade laws stopped Americans
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from selling their most valuable products to any
country
Colonist had to pay high taxes on French and Dutch
goods
In 1754 war broke out between French and
Americans called the French and Indian War
This put Britain in debt
They expected colonists to pay
The British government passed Stamp Act
It said colonist had to pay tax to put an official stamp
on wills, deeds, newspapers, and other printed
manterials
The Americans never paid taxes directly to British
gov.
They accused the government of “taxation without
representation
The Stamps of the Stamp Act
10.2.3 Chapter 6 Sec.4 The American
Revolution continued
Pg. 206-211
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The hostility between the British and Americans grew
The Boston Tea Party, Americans dumped British tea into the ocean
First Continental Congress met to protest the treatment of Boston
King didn’t pay attention to them
They formed Second Continental Congress to discuss their next move
On April 19, 1775, American and British soldiers exchange gunfire
Revolutions starts
Americans win for four reason
1) their willingness to fight
Show American Tropps
2) overconfidence of British army
3) British were involved in another war
4) had help from the French
and British troops fighting
10.2.3 Influence of American
Revolution
 The ideas of life, liberty, and
property spread from this
revolution
 Also the freedom of the
individual
 Every man is born free and
equal
 Democracy
The American Revolution
10.2.4 Chapter 7 Sec.1 The French
Revolution
Pg.217-221
Causes for Revolution
-Enlightenment ideas
-Economic troubles: high taxes, made
business almost unprofitable
-debt, caused by spending of the king and
queen, and
-money barrowed money to help american
revolutionaries
The estates
-1st estate: made of clergy
-2nd estate: made of rich nobles
-3rd estate: made of bourgeoisie, urban lower
class, and peasant farmers
-2nd class paid 0% of income tax
1st class paid 2%
3rd class paid 50%
Population of The Estates
1%
2%
1st estate
2nd estate
3rd estate
97%
10.2.4 Chapter 7 Sec. Storming
1 continued
of the Bastille
Pg.217-221
 In 1789, King Louis calls for meeting of
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Estates-General
Delegates from each estate came
3rd estates named themselves National
Assembly
3rd estate wanted end to absolute
monarchy
Tennis Court Oath- stayed until new
constitution formed
Storming of Bastille: on July 14 mob
storms the Bastille and takes
gunpowder and arms
Great Fear: -rebellion spreads to
countryside
-rumors nobles hire outlaws to
terrorize peasants, senseless chaos and
panic
Mob takes guns and arms from the prison
10.2.4 Chapter 7 Sec. 2 Revolution
Brings Reform and Terror
Pg. 222-227
The Assembly Brings Reform
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Three weeks after oath, National Assembly adopts the Declaration of
the Rights of Man and Citizen
This document said "men are born and remain free and equal in rights”
These rights included, “liberty, property, security, and resistance to
oppression”
It also included freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and citizens
equal justice
Took church lands and the assembly said church officials were to be
elected and paid as state officials
This action was opposed by peasants
Louis XVI was advised to escape by his advisers
He tried but got caught near France, Austrian Netherlands border
The Government
•National Assembly creates Legislative Assembly
•Divided into 3 groups: Radicals (wanted a lot of changes,
completely opposed monarchy), Moderates
(wanted some changes, not as much as radicals),
Conservatives (wanted few changes)
National Assembly
-dicussing the ideas for new government
10.2.4
Chapter
7
Sec.
2
continued
Pg.217-221
War and Reform
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Other European countries feared revolution
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They sent troops to put the french king back into power
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Rumors spread about supporters of king getting out of prison
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Citizens of France take law into their own hands and kill 1000
prisoners
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Radical use moment and push for no king
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Legislative Assembly puts end to king, and called for new
legislature
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National Convention took its place
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Most people involved in these changes were Jacobins
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They were radicals
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National Convention put Louis XVI to trial and found him
guilty of treason
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He was sentenced to death by the guillotine
The Guillotin
-helped make killing more quck and efficient
10.2.4
Chapter
7
Sec.
2
continued
Pg.217-221
The Terror
 In early 1793, Maximilien Robepierre
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started coming into power
Him and his supporters set out to
make “republic of virtue”
They wanted to wipe out France’s
past
Made new calendars without Sundays
His peroid of rule became known as
Reign of Terror
He killled people who were less
radical than him
National Convention turned on him
Arrested him and sent him to death
Maximilien Robepierre
-brought the peroid known as the
reign of terror
10.2.4 Chapter 7 Sec. 3 Napoleon
Forges an Empire
Pg. 229-233
Napoleon Gets Power
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First he defended delegates of the National Convention from
royalists
Then won a series of battles in Italy
Was defeated by British in Egypt but kept it out of news
In 1799, Directory lost power and Napoleon took cantrol
In 1800, a plebiscite, vote of the people
They voted to put Napoleon into power
He set up a efficient tax system and national banking system
Set up lycees, government run public-schools
Signed concordat, or agreement, with pope
It said gov. knowns influence of the church, but the church can’t
interfere with national affairs
This makes him popular with the church and french people
Made the Napoleonic Code
The laws limited liberty and promoted order over individual
rights
In 1804 Napoleon wanted to be emporeor and the french people
supported him
Napoleon
10.2.4
Chapter
7
Sec.
3
continued
Pg. 229-233
Napoleon’s Empire
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A revolt started in Santa Domingue
Napoleon sent troops to repress it and take back
the colony
The French lost
To cut losses Napoleon sold the Louisana
Territory to the U.S for $15 million
So, after loss in the new world. he turned to take
over europe
After winning a few battles he made the rulers of
Austria, Prussia, and Russia sign peace treaties
In 1805 he lost the Battle of Trafalgar to the
british comander Horatio Nelson
This proved British dominance at sea and made
Napoleon’s men not want to invade England
By 1812, only Portugal, England, Sweden, and
the Ottoman Empire were free from his rule
Napoleon was only able to maintain his empire
from 1807-1812
Shows the French Empire at its golden age
10.2.5 Chapter 8 Sec.2
Nationalism
Pg. 253-257
 Nationalism is the belief that
people’s greatest loyalty should
not be a king or empire but to a
nation of people who share a
common culture and history
 Most people that believed in
these ideas were liberals or
radicals
 Liberals- middle class business
leaders and merchants, wanted
to give more power to elected
parliament but only educated
and wealthy could vote
Spread of Nationalism
Shows nationalist countries eating the world,
representing its spread
10.2.5 Chapter 7 Sec.5 The Congress
of Vienna
Pg. 238-241
 Congress of Vienna was a series of
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meeting in Vienna
Klemens von Metternich was the most
influential person at the meetings
He was the foreign minister for Austria
He wanted to stop future violence
from France by surrounding it by
strong countries
Second, he wanted a balance of power,
so that no country could be a threat to
others
The great powers affirmed legitimacy,
agreeing to put the king taken out by
Napoleon back to their thrones
Congress of Vienna
Representatives meeting
10.2.5 Chapter 7 Sec.5 Formation of
Alliances
Pg. 238-241
 Rulers of Europe were worried about the
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legacy of the French Revolution
They feared ideas of liberty, equality, and
fraternity would spread to other
countries
In late 1815, Czar Alexander I, Emperor
Francis I of Austria, and King Frederick
William III of Prussia signed agreement
called the Holy Alliance
In the agreement they pledged to base
their relation with other nations based on
Christian principles to avoid revolution
Metternich devised many alliances called
the Concert of Europe
The concert ensured that nations will
help each other to stop revolutions
Shows three rulers of the Holy Alliance
10.2.5 Chapter 8 Sec.2 Failed
Revolutions
Pg. 253-257
 In 1830s nationalist worked to
unite many separate states
under Italy
 Metternich sent troops in
order to supress the
revolutionaries
 Other revolutions in the
1830s were crushed like this
to
 In 1848 the revolutions failed
to unite and did not start
Klemens von Metternich