Transcript The French Revolution and Napoleon

Bell Work
Friday 3/14
Look in your book beginning on page 651
to find the answers
• 1. Why were members of the Third Estates
dissatisfied with life under the Old Regime?
• 2. How did Louis XVI’s weak leadership
contribute to the growing crisis in France?
• 3. How did the purpose of the meeting of the
Third Estates-General change in 1789?
The French Revolution and
Napoleon
Chapter 23
Section 1-The French Revolution Begins
The Old Order
• The Old Regime-The
social and political
system in France
during the 1700’s
– The people were
divided into three large
classes called estates
The Old Order
• The First Estate– Made up of members of the clergy of
the Roman Catholic Church
– Scorned Enlightenment Ideas
• The Second Estate– Made up of rich Nobles who held the
highest offices in government
– Disagreed about Enlightenment ideas
The Old Order
• The Third Estate– Included bourgeoisie,
urban lower class,
and peasant farmers
– Had no power to
influence government
– Resented the wealthy
First and Second
Estates
The Forces of Change
• Economic Troubles in France– Taxes made it too hard for
merchants and businesses to make
profit
– Factors including the rise in the cost
of living, wide spread crop failures
in the 1780’s, and the price of bread
doubling made life in France hard
– Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette
live extravagantly and piled up
massive debt helping America fight
England
Dawn of the Revolution
• The National Assembly– The Third Estates delegates
were heavily influenced by the
Enlightenment and eager to
make changes in government
• Suggested that all three estates
meet together and that each
delegate should get a vote
(giving them the advantage)
• The Third Estates became the
National Assembly
– This action was the first deliberate
act of revolution
Dawn of the Revolution
• Tennis Court OathThe Third Estate
broke in and promised
to stay in the indoor
tennis court until a
new constitution was
drafted
Dawn of the Revolution
• Storming the Bastille– It took place on July 14th, 1789
– Mobs stormed the prison after rumors
emerged that Louis was using military
forces against the National Assembly
– Attackers killed the prison commander and
several guards
• They put their heads on spikes in the streets
– This became the great symbolic act of
revolution
• Bastille day is celebrated like our 4th of July
The Great Fear Sweeps France
• The Great Fear– Peasants were afraid that the nobles
had hired outlaws to terrorize them
• As a result the peasants went into the
homes of nobles with pitchforks and
farm tools destroying the old legal papers
that forced them to pay federal duties
– After the price of bread rose in Oct.
1789, peasant women rioted and
Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were
forced to leave France
Bell Work
Monday 3/17
Look in your book beginning on page 656
to find the answers
• 1. What major reform did the National
Assembly introduce?
• 2. What did the divisions of the National
Assembly say about the differences in French
Society?
• 3. How did the Reign of Terror come to an
end?
SSR + Log
Monday 3/17
Please sit quietly with your desks
cleared and have your pencil/pen
ready for SSR
SSR + Log
Monday 3/17
Please take two minutes to discuss our SSR
article with your table mates.
When you receive your SSR One-Pager
please read the directions and select and
circle five sentence stems to help complete
the activity
Section 2-Revolution Brings
Reform and Terror
The Assembly Reforms France
• The Rights of Man– A set of revolutionary ideas
drafted by the National
Assembly
• Said “men are born and
remain free and equal in
rights”
– Life, liberty, security, and
resistance to oppression
– The document guaranteed
equal justice, freedom of
speech, and freedom of
religion
The Assembly Reforms France
• A State-Controlled Church– Members of the National assembly
focused on reforming the church
– Church lands were confiscated
saying church officials should be
elected and paid by the state
• Catholic Church lost land and political
independence
• The selling of church lands helped pay
off France’s debt
Divisions Develop
• Legislative Assembly– Legislative body who
had the power to create
laws and approve or
reject declarations of
war
• The king could still
enforce laws
Divisions Develop
• Old issues caused the
Legislative Assembly to split
into three factions
– Radicals• Wanted massive gov. changes,
opposed monarchy
– Moderates• Wanted only some changes to gov.
– Conservatives• Liked the idea of limited monarchy
and only wanted a few gov.
changes
War and Execution
• France at War– As usual the war begins badly for
France
– By summer of 1792 Prussian forces
were advancing on Paris
– Aug 10th, 1792• 20,000 men stormed the Tuileries and
captured Louie, Marie Antoinette and the
kids
• Angry protesters raided the prisons and
killed over 1,000 prisoners
War and Execution
• France at War– National Convention• September 21st, 1792
• New government of France
– Disposed of the King
– Dissolved the National
Assembly
– Made France a republic
– Adult males were given
the right to vote and hold
political office
War and Execution
• Jacobins– Radical members of the political
organization that brought sweeping
changes into the French
Government
– Jean-Paul Marat• Jacobin writer who called for the
deaths of those who still supported the
king
– Guillotine• Quick and efficient way of beheading
a criminal
– Louis XVI was executed this way
Terror Grips France
• Reign of Terror– July 1793, Maximilien Robespierre
became the leader of the Committee of
Public Safety and ruled like a dictator
• During this time nearly 40,000 citizens
were killed
– Including George Danton and Marie
Antoinette
– 85% were peasants
• Reign of Terror ended in July 1794 with
Robespierre’s capture and execution
Bell Work
Tuesday 3/18
Please take out your notes/study guide and with
your elbow partner review all of the
information for our test covering Chapter 23
Sections 1 and 2.
Bell Work
Tuesday 3/17
Look in your book in Chapter 23 Sections 1 and 2 and begin
re-reading to find the answers
• 1. What was the “Great Fear” that swept through
France in the late 1700’s? (Section 1)
• 2. What three factions did the Legislative Assembly
split into after France adopted a new constiturion?
(Section 2)
• 3.How does a guillotine work? Why was it viewed as a
more humane way to die? (Section 2)
Bell Work
Wednesday 3/18
Look in your book beginning on page 663
and begin reading to find the answers
• 1. How did Napoleon become a hero in
France?
• 2. What did Napoleon consider his great
triumph in domestic policy?
• 3. How was Napoleon able to control the
countries neighboring the French empire?
Section 3-Napoleon Forges an
Empire
Napoleon Seizes Power
• Napoleon Bonaparte– Born in 1769 on the Island of
Corsica
– Sent to military school at 9 years old
– He became a lieutenant in the French
artillery at 16
– Upon his return from Egypt he led a
coup d’ etat
• When the council dissolved he named
himself dictator
– His first goal was to restore order in France
Napoleon Rules France
• The Plebiscite– A vote of the people that gave
Napoleon all real power
• Napoleon Supported
– Changes from the revolution
– Laws that would strengthen the
central gov. and achieve the goals
of the revolution
Napoleon Rules France
• Napoleon also:
– Set up an effective banking system
– Tried to end to gov. corruption
– Set up Lycees-Gov. ran public schools
• Students came from all backgrounds
• Relived jobs based on performance
• Napoleonic Code-A uniform set of laws that
ended many injustices
– Promoted order over individual rights
Napoleon Creates an Empire
• 1804-Napoleon crowned
himself emperor
– This symbolized his power over
the church
• Napoleon's Goals– Wanted to control all of Europe
• Re-establish French dominance in
the Americas
– He thought the key was the sugar
producing colony of Saint Domingue
Napoleon Creates an Empire
• Loss of American Territories– The people of Saint Domingue
led by Toussaint L’Ouverture
demanded the same rights as
French citizens
• Napoleon failed to overtake them
– 1803-Napoleon offers to sell the
Louisiana Territory for $15
million
Napoleon Creates an Empire
• Napoleon was extremely
successful in battle during the
early part of his reign
– Britain, Russia, Austria, and Sweden
joined forces against France but
could not beat them
– His victories allowed him to build
the largest empire since the Romans
• His only real challenge was Britain's
navy
Napoleon Creates an Empire
• The Battle of Trafalgar– The only major battle
Napoleon lost
– This naval defeat had two
lasting effects:
• It assured Britain naval
supremacy for the next 100
years
• Napoleon abandoned his
plans of invading Britain
Napoleon Creates an Empire
• By 1812 the only countries
in Europe not controlled by
Napoleon were:
– Britain, Portugal, Sweden
and the Ottoman Empire
– His empire existed at it’s
greatest extent from 1807 to
1812
• Napoleon’s grand ambitions
became his undoing
Bell Work
Monday 3/23
Look in your book beginning on page 668
and begin reading to find the answers
• 1. How did Great Britain combat Napoleon’s
naval blockade?
• 2. Why did Napoleon have trouble fighting enemy
forces in the Peninsular War?
• 3.Why was Napoleon’s delay of the retreat from
Moscow such a great blunder?
Daily Objective-3/23/2015
Content Objective:
• SWD creation of the major battles under Napoleons
leadership and the reasons why Napoleon’s desire for power
became his greatest downfall through compiling information
in student led guided notes
• SWD creation of the reasons for the downfall of Napoleon
and his major military failures by organizing information in
thinking maps
Language Objective:
• Students will read and record the major battles under
Napoleons leadership and the reasons why Napoleon’s desire
for power became his greatest downfall by creating student
centered guided notes
• Students will record the reasons for the downfall of Napoleon
and his major military failures through creating a different
thinking map for each section that will help to organize their
newly acquired knowledge
Section 4-Napoleon’s Empire
Collapses
Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes
• Napoleon’s desire for
power became his greatest
downfall
– Napoleon made three
major mistakes in his quest
to crush Britain and expand
France
• The Continental System
• The Peninsular War
• The Invasion of Russia
Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes
• The Continental System– Napoleon set up a blockade to prevent
trade between Britain and Europe
• Two Goals:
– Make continental Europe self-sufficient
– Destroy Britain’s commercial and industrial
economy
– France’s blockade was weak
• British ships made it to Europe
• French and Neutral ships were stopped by
Britain’s blockade
• U.S. frustrated and declared war on Britain
(War of 1812)
Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes
• The Peninsular War– In his attempt to get Portugal to
accept the Continental system
Napoleon sent troops through
Spain
• Removed the Spanish king
– The people worried he would weaken the
Catholic church
• Peasant fighters called guerrillas
killed 300,000 of Napoleon’s men
– A growing sense of nationalism in
European nations became a powerful
weapon against Napoleon
Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes
• The Invasion of Russia– Napoleon decided to invade Russia in 1812
• Russian czar refused to stop selling to Britain
– Scorched-earth policy• Russia burned all the grain fields and killed all the live
stock in France’s path so there would be nothing to eat
– Russia and France met at the Battle of Borodino
• The entire Russian campaign cost Napoleon’s Grand
Army 410,000 soldiers
Napoleon's Downfall
• Napoleon Suffers Defeat– Britain, Russia, Prussia and
Sweden joined forces against
Napoleon
– In April 1814 Napoleon
accepted the terms of surrender
and gave up his throne
• Napoleon was given a small
pension and exiled to the island
of Elba
Napoleon's Downfall
• The Hundred Days• Napoleon's last bid for power
– Napoleon escaped from Elba on
March 1st, 1815
• Crowds joyfully greeted him and helped
him re-capture the French throne
– Waterloo• June 18th, 1815–British and Prussian
forces defended their ground and
defeated Napoleon's forces
– Napoleon was exiled to St. Helena where he
died 6 years later
Bell Work
Tuesday 3/24
Look in your book beginning on page 672
and begin reading to find the answers
• 1. What were the three main points of
Metternich’s plan for Europe?
• 2. Why was the Congress of Vienna considered a
success?
• 3. What was the long-term legacy of the Congress
of Vienna?
Chapter 23-Section 5The Congress of Vienna
Metternich’s Plan for Europe
• The Congress of Vienna– 8 month conference with
the goal of establishing a
new European order
consisting of collective
security and sensibility for
the whole continent
• The Five Great Powers– Russia, Prussia, Austria,
Great Britain and France
Metternich’s Plan for Europe
• Klemens von Metternich– Austrian foreign minister
who held three goals at the
Congress of Vienna
• Surround France with strong
countries to prevent further
aggression
• Create a balance of power so
no one would threaten each
other
• Restore the royal families
Napoleon removed
Metternich’s Plan for Europe
• The Containment of France– Kingdom of the Netherlands was
established
– German Confederation was
created out of 39 German states
– Switzerland was recognized as an
independent nation
– The Kingdom of Sardinia was
strengthened by the addition of
Genoa
Metternich’s Plan for Europe
• Legitimacy– Policy that restored as many rulers as
possible that Napoleon had removed to
their thrones
• Ruling families of France, Spain, several
states in Italy and Central Europe regained
their thrones
• The Congress of Vienna marked the
1st time an entire continent came
together to decide political affairs
Political Changes Beyond Vienna
• Conservative Europe– The Holy Alliance• Agreement in which Russia,
Austria, and Prussia would base
their relations with other countries
on Christian principals
– Concert of Europe• An agreement between several
European nations that ensured they
would help each other in the event
a revolution occurred
Political Changes Beyond Vienna
• Revolutions in Latin America– The Creoles (Spanish American
colonists) overthrew Spain's control in
Mexico
– Brazil declared their independence from
Portugal (Sept. 1822)
• Long –Term Legacy
– France was weakened but Britain and
Prussia grew in power
– Nationalism spread and led to new
revolutions
Chapter 23 Section 3-5 Review
Chapter 23 Section 3-5 Review
Chapter 23 Section 3-5 Review
Chapter 23 Section 3-5 Review
Exit Ticket
Tuesday 3/26
Please answer the following questions a half
sheet of loose leaf paper
• 1. Are there any areas of Chapter 23 Section 35 we reviewed today that are still confusing?
• 2. What kinds of things are you going to do to
help improve your study habits for this quiz?