Transcript 1. empire - cloudfront.net

1. empire
An extended area under
centralized control.
2. civilization
• When a man achieves the milestone of
record keeping and a writing system.
3. Reform
• An improved state with the same existing
structure.
4. Retro
• To do again by bringing back from the
past.
5.Revolution
• Rapid change.
6. Reaction
• A response to some stimulus.
7. Imperialism
• The extension of a nation’s power over
other lands.
8. Militarism
• Solving problem by force.
9. Nationalism
• The unique cultural identity of a people
based on common language, religion, and
national symbol.
10. Great War
• World War 1 (1914-1919).
11. 20th Century
• 1900-1999.
12. 21st Century
• 2000-2099.
13. Triple Alliance
• This alliance, formed in 1882, consisted of
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
(Central Powers).
14. Triple Entente
• This alliance, formed in 1907, consisted of
Great Britain, Russia, and France.
15. Conscription
• A military draft.
16. Serbia
• By 1914, they were determined to create a
large, independent Slavic state in the
Balkans. This is where WW1 started.
17. Archduke Francis Ferdinand
• The heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary.
He was assassinated on June 28, 1914.
18. Gavrilo Princip
• A 19-year old Bosnian Serb, succeeded in
fatally shooting both the archduke and his
wife. This was the spark that started WW I.
19 William II
• Emperor of Germany during WWII
20. Czar Nicholas II
• He ordered mobilization of the Russian
army against Austria-Hungary. He was the
last of the Romanov dynasty to rule
Russia.
21. Mobilization
• The process of assembling troops and
supplies and making them ready for war.
22. General Alfred von Schlieffen
• He Drew up plans to quickly strike France
and then turn Germany’s attention towards
Russia.
23. Lusitania
• The British were blamed of using this ship,
also known as the “floating palace”, to
carry ammunition and other war supplies
across the Atlantic. It was sunk by the
Germans and provoked the U.S entry into
the war
24. Propaganda
• Ideas spread to influence public opinion
for or against a cause.
25. Trench Warfare
• A type of warfare that involves ditches
protected by barded wire.
26. U Boats
• Also known as submarines
27. War of Attrition
• War based on wearing the other side down
by constant attacks on heavy losses.
28. Gallipoli
• Southwest of Constantinople, battle
between the ottoman and the allies. 40
north,30 east.
29. Lawrence of Arabia
• A British officer who urged Arab princes to
revolt against ottoman overlords.
30. Total War
• This involves a complete mobilization of
resources and people.
31. Limited War
• A conflict that has certain goal using partial
resources
32. Guerilla Warfare
• Surprise attacks ,run and hide
33. Terrorism
• Random acts of violence against civilians.
34. Planned Economies
• These are systems that directed by
government agencies. i.e. Communism.
35. Woodrow Wilson
• United States president during WW1. He
argues for his 14 points in post WW1.
36. Grigori Rasputin
• He was an uneducated Siberian peasant
who claimed to be a holy man. He was
close to the czarina. He was assassinated
by a group of Russian nobles.
37. Bolsheviks
• They began as a small faction of a Marxist
party called the Russian Social
Democrats.
38. V.I. Lenin
• The Bolsheviks were under his leadership.
He lead the communist in Russia 1917
39. Ukraine
• This was one of the countries that was
given up when Lenin signed the treaty of
Breast-Litovsk, as well as Finland, eastern
Poland, and the Baltic provinces. 50 North,
30 East.
40. Siberia
• Where the White force attacked westward
and advanced almost to the Volga River
before they were stopped. It is in northern
Russia.
41. Urals
• Where Czar Nicolas , his wife and children
were taken after he abdicated. Mountain
range that separates Europe from Asia.
42. Leon Trotsky
• Thanks to him the Red Army was a welldisciplined fighting force and he reinstated
the draft and emphasized a rigid discipline.
He was assassinated by assassins sent by
Stalin in Mexico city. He lost a power
struggle with Stalin.
43. War Communism
• This meant government control of banks
and most of the industries.
44. Armistice
• This is a truce or an agreement to stop the
fighting.
45. David Lloyd George
• He was the prime minister of Great Britain
who won a decisive victory in the elections
of December of 1918. He also wanted
Germany to pay.
46. Georges Clemenceau
• He was the premier of France during
WW1. He wanted to punish Germany.
47. Reparations
• To cover the cost of a war, payment for
war damages
48. Poland
• This country is in between Germany and
Russia in North central Europe.
49. Mandates
• This gave a nation the right to govern
another nation on behalf of the League of
Nations.
50. Zimmerman Note
• Germany’s offer to Mexico to attack the
United States during WW1 in exchange for
loss territory.
51. Treaty of Versailles
• The agreement that ended the WW1 in
1919. It punished Germany harshly.
52. League of Nations
• A group of victorious nations that gathered
and settle international disputes and avoid
war. It was proposed by Wilson; however,
it was rejected by the US Senate.
53. Hyperinflation
•
Excessively rapid rise in prices of goods.
54. Great Flu Epidemic
• This was a pandemic of 1910-20 which
was made worse by trench warfare and
soldiers spreading the disease when they
went home in WWI.
55. Great Depression
• Which began at the end of 1929, brought
misery to millions of people. The
unemployment rate was 25%.
56. Stock Market Crash
• When the prices of the stocks plunged and
investors throughout the U.S. Withdrew
funds from Germany and other Europeans
markets causing banks to collapse.
57. Weimar Republic
• A German democratic state that was
plagued with problems in between the
wars. In post WWI.
58. Paul von Hindenburg
• He was a WWI military hero that was
elected president at age of 77 of the
Weimar Republic.
59. John Maynard Keynes
• A British economist that condemned the
old theory that, in a free economy,
depressions should be left to resolve
themselves without the government.
60. Deficit Spending
• Government spending tax receipts.
61. Franklin Delano Roosevelt
• This democratic was able to win a
landslide victory in the 1932 presidential
elections. He was president during the
Great Depression and WWII.
62. New Deal
• An intervention in economy that increased
public’s work and a new social legislation
which is known as U.S. warfare to boost
the economy by Government spending.
63. Totalitarian State
• A government that aims to control the
political, economic, social, intellectual, a
cultural life of the citizens.
64. Benito Mussolini
• He established the first European Fascist
movement in Italy in the 1920’s. Il Duce
65. Fascism
• A political philosophy that glorifies the
state above one and emphasizing the
need for a strong government and a
doctorial ruler.
66. New Economic Policy
• A modified version of the old capitalist
system, where peasants were allowed to
sell their produce openly in Russia by
Lenin.
67. Joseph Stalin
• He wasn’t only a Politburo member; he
was the secretary for the party. He ruled
USSR from 1929-1953. He is responsible
for the murder of as many as 25 million
people.
68. Five Year Plan
• The purpose for these five years was to
transform Russia from an agricultural into
an industrial country.
69. Collectivization
• A system in which private farms were
eliminated and instead the government
owned all of the land while peasants
worked it.
70. U.S.S.R.
• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 19171989
71. Great Purge
• In the 1930’s, Stalin’s mania for power led
him to remove, all opponent-or imagined
opponents-from Russian life.
72. Francisco Franco
• He led the military forces to revolt against
the democratic government in 1936 in
spain.
73. Spanish Civil War
• 1936, Fascist (Francisco Franco) vs.
democratic government.
73. Spanish Civil War
74. Adolf Hitler
• Born in Austria on April 20,1889, he led
Germany and the Nazi Party in the 1930’s
until 1944.
75. Anti-Semitism
• Prejudice against Jews
76. Munich
• German City, 48N, 11E.
77. Nazi
• The Nationalist Socialist German Party
under Adolf Hitler.
78. Mein Kampf
• Adolf Hitler’s biography (My Struggle)
79. Reichstag
• The German Congress (parliament).
80. Concentration Camps
• Large prison camps that were built for
people who opposed the new regime and
for extermination.
81. Heinrich Himmler
• He was the leader of the SS which
controlled not only the secret police forces
but also the regular police forces.
82. Nurember Laws
• This excluded Jews from German
citizenship.
83. Kristallnacht
• Or the “ night of shattered glass” when
Nazi thugs vandalized Jewish businesses.
84. Ideology
• This is a systematic body of ideas usually
about human life or culture
85. Joseph Goebbles
• He was Hitler’s propaganda minister
86. Surrealism
• A movement that sought a reality beyond
the material world and found it in the world
of unconscious.
87. Salvador Dali
• Spanish surrealist painter
88. Modernism
• A movement where writers and artists
rebelled against the traditional literary and
artistic styles that had dominated
European cultural life since the
Renaissance.
89. Ottomon Turks
• This Muslim empire had once include
parts of eastern Europe, the middle East,
and North Africa.
90. Zionism
• A movement devoted to the establishment
of Palestine a homeland for Jews.
91. Young Turks
• They were able to force the restoration of
the constitution in 1908 and dispose the
sultan the following year.
92. T.E. Lawrence
• He was the “dashing British adventurer”
who aided the nationalist against the
Ottoman empire.
93. The Armenian Genocide
• From 1915-1918, an estimated 1 million
Armenians, were killed by massacres and
starvation.
94. Genocide
• The deliberate attempt to exterminate a
racial group.
95. Colonel Mustafa Kemal
• His force drove the Greeks from the
Anatolian Peninsula.
96. Ataturk
• Father of modern Turkey. He pushed for
the westernization of Turkey after WW I.
His real name is Mustafa Kemal.
97. Reza Shah Pahlavi
• Reza Khan gave himself this new name
after he established himself as shah, or
king
98. Iran
• Persia became the modern stat of this
country in 1935
99. Ibn Saud
He established the kingdom of Saudi Arabia
in 1932
100. Palestine
• In this country, the nationalism of Jews
and Arabs was in conflict.
101. Balfour Declaration
• It expressed support for a national home
for the Jews in Palestine, but it also added
that this goal should not undermine the
rights of non-Jewish people living there.
102. W.E.B. DuBois & Marcus
Garvey
• Both came from a new generation of
young African leaders calling for
independence.
103. Pan-Africanism
• A movement that stressed the need for the
unity of all Africans.
104. Mohandas Gandhi
• He became active in the movement for
Indian self-rule before WWI. The people of
Indian called him India’s “Great Soul”
105. Civil Disobedience
• Refusal to obey laws considered to be
unjust.
106. Jawaharlal Nehru
• He was part of the upper class and an
intellectual who studied law in Great
Britain. He was secular, Western, and
modern as opposed to Gandhi.
107. Zaibutsu
• A large financial and industrial corporation
(Japanese and So. Korean) that worked
closely with the government.
108. Manchuria
• A northern province of China. The
Japanese conquered this area in the
1930’s.
109. Marxism
• The idea that peasants as well as workers
would make the revolution. This became
very attractive to many poor people
around the world. It is communist ideology.
110. Karl Marx
• He found the communist international. It
was a worldwide organization of
communist parties dedicated to spreading
revolution.
111. Ho Chi Minh
• A Moscow- trained revolutionary that
organized the Vietnamese against the
French and later American in Indochina.
112. Shanghai
• This is a commercial and industrial city in
China's east coast.
113. Sun Yat-sen
• A leader of the nationalist who welcomed
the cooperation with the CCP.
114. Chiang Kai-Shek
He replaced Sun Yat-sen as head of the
Nationalist Party. He led a surprise attack,
Shanghai Massacre, in 1927 against the
CCP
115. Shanghai Massacre
• In April of 1927, Chiang Kai-shek
surprisingly struck at the communist, killing
thousands
116. Mao Zedong
• A communist organizer that was convinced
that a Chinese revolution depends on
peasants. He led the communist to victory
in 1949.
117. FDR
32nd president of the US (1933-45) Great Depression, New Deal, and WW II
118. Redistribution of Wealth
• The shifting of wealth from a rich minority
to a poor majority.
119. Juan Vicente Gomez
• A dictator in Venezuela who the U.S. oil
companies had a great relationship with.
120. Good Neighbor Policy
• This is rejecting the use of military force on
Latin America on principle.
121. Oligarchy
• A government where a selected group of
people exercise control.
122. Caudillo
• Latin American dictator.
123. World War II
1939-45 Axis (Germany, Japan, Italy) vs
Allies (US, Britain, Russia, and France)
124. Demilitarize
• Not permitted to have weapons or
fortifications.
125. Appeasement
• This policy was based on the belief that if
European states satisfied the reasonable
demands of unsatisfied powers, the
unsatisfied powers would be content, and
stability and peace would be achieved in
Europe.
126. Munich Conference
• In 1936, British, French, German, and
Italian representatives did not object to
Hitler’s plans but instead reached an
agreement that met virtually all of Hitler’s
demands.
127. Joseph Stalin
• The Soviet communist dictator. He is
responsible for the death of 25 million
people. He died in 1953.
128. Nazi-Soviet Non-aggression
Pact
• Signed on August 23, 1939, Germany and
the Soviet Union promised not to attack
each other.
129. New Order
• Comprising of Japan, Manchuria, and
China. Japan would attempt to establish a
new system of control in Asia with Japan
guiding it’s Asian neighbors to prosperity.
130. Blitzkrieg
• Also known as “lighting war” because of
how Hitler stunned Europe with the speed
and efficiency of the German attack on
Poland.
131. Isolationism
• Remaining impartial by refusing to
participate in a war between other powers.
132. Neutrality
• Not forming alliances or other international
political and economic relations.
133. Battle of Britain
• The WW2 German invasion by the
Luftwagffe (air force) of England in early
August of 1940. The English were aided
by radar. Hitler stopped the invasion in late
September.
134. Luftwaffe
• The German air force
135. December 7, 1941
• The date in which the Japanese aircraft
attacked the U.S. naval base at Pearl
Harbor in the Hawaiian Islands.
136. Axis Powers
• Germany, Italy, and Japan.
137. Erwin Rommel
• He was nicknamed “Desert Fox” and
commanded the Reich’s Afrika Korps.
138. El Alamein
• A place in North Africa in which Rommel’s
troops were stopped by British forces.
139. Stalingrad
• A major industrial center on the Volga. It
was also major WWII battle in which the
Soviet defeat the Nazis.
140. Battle of Midway Island
• The turning point of the war in Asia (June
4), 1942
141. Douglas MacArthur
• This U.S. general moved into the
Philippines through A. A.New Guinea and
the South Pacific Islands in an effort to
capture Japanese-held islands and
bypass.
142. Normandy
• This place held history’s greatest naval
invasion in which the Allies fought their
way past underwater mines, barbed wire,
and horrible machine gun fire.
143. Harry S. Truman
• He became the president on the death of
Roosevelt in April.
144. Hiroshima
• The US dropped the first atomic bomb on
this Japanese city during WW II
145. Reinhard Heydrich
• The leader of the SS, he was put in charge
of German resettlement plans in the east
(Poland and USSR)
146. Auschwitz
• The largest extermination center built in
Poland.
147. Collaborators
• People who assisted the enemy.
148. Asia for the Asians
• Japan’s propaganda efforts to convince
the world that Japan should rule Asia.
149. Kamikaze
• Japanese pilots that volunteered to serve
as suicide pilots
150. Cold War
• 1946 – 1989 period of hostility and
competition between the U.S. and the
U.S.S.R.
151. Tehran Conference
• Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill came
together in November 1943 to decide the
final assault on Germany.
152. Truman Doctrine
• It stated that the U.S. would provide
money to countries threatened by
communist expansion.
153. Marshall Plan
• This plan was designed to rebuild the
prosperity and stability of war-torn Europe.
It included $13 billion in aid for Europe’s
economic recovery.
154. Satellite States
• Nations that are dependent or controlled
by an outside power.
155. Policy of Containment
• It was a policy to keep communism within
its existing boundaries and prevent further
Soviet aggressive moves. (Opposite of
appeasement)
156. Berlin
• Located deep inside the Soviet zone, it
was also divided into four zones. It was
the capital of the Nazis empire.
157. Federal Republic of Germany
• West Germany, western capitalistic.
158. German Democratic Republic
• East German State, communist, Warsaw
Pact.
159. Arms Race
• A “competition” in which both countries
build up their armies and weapons.
160. No. Atlantic Treaty
Organization
A military alliances of western nations
on which all powers who signed
agreed to provide mutual help if any
one of them was attacked.
161. Warsaw Pact
• A formal military alliances between the
Soviet Union, Albania, Bulgaria,
Czechoslovakia, E.Germany, Hungary,
Poland, and Romania.
162. Deterrence
• This policy held that huge arsenals of
nuclear weapons on both sides prevented
war.
163. Nikita Khrushchev
• He emerged as the new leader of the
Soviet Union in 1955 after the death of
Stalin.
164. Domino Theory
• The idea that if one country falls to
communism, the neighboring countries will
also fall.
165. Soviet Union
• When it became communist in 1917, it
changed its name to this.
166. De-Stalinization
• The process of eliminating Stalin’s
policies.
167. Charles de Gaulle
• The war hero that dominated France for
nearly a quarter of a century after the war.
168. Welfare State
• A state where the government takes
responsibility to provide citizen with
services and a minimal standard of living.
169. European Economic
Community
• Also known as the Common Market, was a
free-trade area made up of the six
member nations and they would impose
no tariffs on each other’s goods.
170. John F. Kennedy
• The youngest elected president in the
history of the United States.
171. Civil Rights Movement
• Equal right for African Americans.
172. Martin Luther King, Jr.
• The leader of a growing movement for
racial equality.
173. Consumer Society
• A society that is preoccupied with buying
goods, not producing one.
174. Mikhail Gorbachev
• He became leader of the Soviet Union in
1985.
175. Brezhnev Doctrine
• It insisted on the right of the Soviet Union
to intervene if communism was threatened
in another communist state.
176. Détente
• A relaxation of tensions and improved
relations between two superpowers.
177. Dissidents
• Those who spoke out against the regime.
178. Perestroika
• Restructuring.
179. Ronald Reagan
• He was elected the 40th president of the
United States in 1980.
180. Boris Yeltsin
• President of the Russian Republic.
181. inevitable
• Something that is going to happen no
matter what
182. Vladamir Putin
• At the end of 1999, Yeltsin resigned and
was replaced by this man.
183. Slobodan Milosevic
• He became the leader of the Yugoslav
republic of Serbia in 1987.
184. Margaret Thatcher
• A conservative who pledged to limit social
welfare, restrict union power, and end
inflation in England.
185. Budget Deficits
• It exists when the government spends
more than it collects in revenues.
186. George W. Bush
• In the election of 2000, this Texan narrowly
defeated Vice President Al Gore in one of
the most hotly contested elections in
American history.
187. Weapons of Mass Destruct’n
They are nuclear, chemical, and biological
weapons that can kill tens of thousands of
people at once.
188. Globalization
• The process that began since the dawn of
human kind of sharing, human trade,
communication, and cooperation.
189. Roe vs. Wade
• In this 1973 case the Supreme Court
legalized abortion.
190. Ervin Magic Johnson
• He was living proof of HIV, the virus that
causes AIDS, could strike anyone.
191. Elvis Presley
• This musician along with Little Richard and
Chuck Berry combines jazz, gospel,
traditional African, and country music to
create “rock ‘n’ roll”.
192. Cultural Imperialism
• It meant that a Western nation controlled
other world cultures, much as they had
controlled governments in the 1800s.
193. Multinational Corp
• These are companies with divisions in
more than two countries for example Mc
Donald’s
194. Megacity
• A city with rapidly increasing populations,
having trouble keeping up with urban
services for example Mexico City.
195. Rio de Janeiro
• Where streams of poor families moved in
hope for a better life eastern city of Brazil.
196. Favelas
• Squatter settlements where clean water
and electricity are in short supply.
197. Magic Realism
• A form of expression unique to Latin
American literature; it combines realistic
events with dreamlike or fantastic
backgrounds.
198. Gabriel Garcia Marquez
• Author of One Hundred Years of Solitude,
born in Columbia, he is one of the world’s
best-known modern writers.
199. Brasilia
• Built as Brazil’s new capital in 1950s1960s, where outstanding examples of
Latin American architectures can be seen.
200. Oscar Niemeyer
• A Brazilian architect that was chosen to be
the chief architect for the new capital.