Transcript The Age of Napoleon Begins

The Age of Napoleon Begins
Napoleon Bonaparte
(1769-1821)
Childhood
• He was educated at a Military School in
Corsica.
• He was one of eight children.
• He grew up hating France.
• Did not forgive his father when he
supported the new French regime.
• He respected his mother tremendously
almost to an obsessive trait.
Rise to Power
• Through years of planning Napoleon
quickly rose to the rank of general.
• Although a general he was still socially
unsophisticated.
• He rarely kept himself clean, or neat
and had no sense of humor.
• He led the French army in victories
against the British and Austria during
the French Revolution.
Marie Joseph Rose de Beauharnis
She had married young, her husband died at the Guillotine. It was well known that
She had affairs with men high in French society. She was not at all attracted to
Napoleon, but she did need stability for her two children and with her looks fading s
Decided to marry Napoleon on March 9, 1796. She was forever known from then
On as Josephine.
1799
• Napoleon helped overthrow the French
government.
• He organized a new government and
put himself in charge.
• Five years later Napoleon took the title
Emperor of the French.
• The French people totally backed
Napoleon.
Policies of Napoleon
• Strengthened the French government
and restored order.
• He improved the economy and
encouraged new industry.
• He built roads and canals and
supported public schools.
• Peasants could keep the Church land
they had bought.
The Napoleonic Code
• These laws included many
Enlightenment ideas but undid some
reforms of the Revolution.
– The equality of all citizens before the law.
– Religious toleration.
– Advancement based on Merit.
Napoleonic Code losers
• Women who had gained rights during
the revolution lost their rights of
citizenship.
• They were now considered minors.
• Male heads of households regained
complete authority over their wives and
children.
• This was to value order and authority
over individual rights.
1804-1814
• Napoleon defeated the greatest nations of
Europe and built an empire.
• He conquered the Netherlands, Belgium, and
parts of Italy and Germany.
• He ended the Holy Roman Empire and
divided Prussia.
• He replaced the Monarchs of the defeated
nations with friends and family.
The End of Napoleon’s Era
• Many citizens of conquered countries
welcomed the ideas of the French
revolution.
• However they did not welcome the
French Rulers who took over their
Monarch’s reign.
• From Italy to Spain to the Netherlands,
people rebelled against the French.
1812 Napoleon invades Russia
• The invasion was a disaster.
• The French soldiers could not endure
the long rough Russian winter.
• Many French soldiers died due to
exposure from the below freezing
temperatures and snow driven
marches.
An Alliance is formed
• Russia, Britain, Austria, and Prussia
formed an alliance against France.
• The combined forces defeated
Napoleon at the town of Leipzig in
Germany.
• They forced Napoleon to live on an
island in the Mediterranean.
Congress of Vienna
• Was made of all the European rulers.
• The Congress had three goals they
hoped would create peace after twentyfive years of war.
Three Goals of the Congress of
Vienna
• To prevent France from going to war
again.
• Strengthen countries around France
– Add Belgium and Luxembourg to Holland
to create the kingdom of the Netherlands.
– Give Prussia lands along the Rhine River.
– Allow Austria to take control of Italy again.
Second Goal
• To return Europe to the way it was in
1792 before Napoleon.
– Gave back power to the Monarchs of
Europe.
Third Goal
• To protect the new system and maintain
peace.
– Create the Concert of Europe
» An organization to maintain peace in Europe.
Did the Congress of Vienna
succeed?
• Because of these policies there was
peace in Europe for 100 years.
May 5, 1821
• Napoleon dies.